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Turkish university annuls Erdogan rival's degree, preventing run for president
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- Bostonian 2y agoI doubt the university did this for non-political reasons, and requiring a university degree to hold office is a bad idea anyway.
- anticensor 2y agoSee https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43404726 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43404726, though, it sets a dangerous precedent: any right can be revoked anytime for any reason, nothing is truly earned.
- anigbrowl 2y agoWhat happens if some foreign university confers an honorary degree on him?
- anticensor 2y agoIn Turkish educational system, honorary degrees are only applicable to the institute granting the degree itself. You instead need to have an earned degree to be able to use the privileges outside the institute granting the degree.
- Alive-in-2025 2y agoI'm sure this will come soon to the US with our new overlords looking for new dystopian ideas.
- thaumasiotes 2y agoIn the US, what are the privileges that you earn by possessing a degree?
- sitkack 2y agoDebt
- anigbrowl 2y agoThanks, I wanted to look it up but don't trust machine translation on legal documents.
- anticensor 2y agoThis is not only revoking his diploma, but establishing a very dangerous precedent in Turkey: "all rights are temporary and can be revoked on a whim"
- iLoveOncall 2y agoThis is absolutely nothing new for Turkey.
- ReptileMan 2y ago[flagged]
- necovek 2y agoThat sounds like pretty arbitrary borders you are setting: I don't really see much difference between stuff happening West of Vienna and East of South Korea too (one of those countries has a president who basically tried to stage a coup, and now are back in power ignoring any rule of law).
- gottorf 2y ago> one of those countries has a president who basically tried to stage a coup, and now are back in power ignoring any rule of law President Yoon of South Korea has been suspended since December, as a result of the martial law incident and the following impeachment. (Actually, Yoon's prime minister, who first became acting President, was also impeached and suspended. It's someone else now.)
- ReptileMan 2y agoHe was talking about Trump
- necovek 2y agoExactly.
- aiono 2y agoI am from Turkey and this really concerns me. If we don't protest this in the streets and fight back I am afraid we don't have any kind of law anymore.
- fracus 2y agoIsn't this just the latest cut in your democracy's death by a thousand cuts?
- HenryBemis 2y agoI'd add also a thousand bullets, a thousand tortures, a thousand rapes, and a thousand days in prison for having a different opinion and expressing it.
- bamboozled 2y agoSeems like for much of the world?
- pstuart 2y agoSadly, yes. I'm not sure what it will take to make people realize that a "strong man" is not the answer.
- bamboozled 2y agoI doubt, but wonder if it's a generational thing, like would the twenty somethings be into strongmen when they're the majority of voters? I used to think the younger generation were a bit different but I've seen them pretty much obsess over MAGA, Joe Rogan et al. So more of the same I guess?
- jajko 2y agoHuman nature goes deep and doesnt change much across generations
- 2y ago
- ginko 2y agoWasn't aware that a university degree is a requirement to run for president in Turkey. I'm not aware of any other country that does that. edit: Wikipedia actually has a list[1]. Did you know you need to have a bank account to be eligible to become president of France? [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_qualifications_by_country https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidential_qualifica...
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- Leherenn 2y agoI googled a bit around because I found the requirement weird, and it's slightly misleading. Candidates need to have a separate bank account for the election, so that it can be monitored (there are various limits to how much funding they can get and so on as far as I understand).
- Hackbraten 2y ago> Did you know you need to have a bank account to be eligible to become president of France? In combination with Europe’s PSD2 directive [0], that effectively means you need to have a Google or Apple account to become President of France. [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Services_Directive https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Services_Directive
- hyperman1 2y agoHow do you get from PSD2 to Google/ Apple?
- Hackbraten 2y agoMore and more banks have put their money on smartphone apps to implement the 2FA requirement that PSD2 mandates. Turns out that European banks really like that walled-garden thing. Some banks still allow you to use SMS but pressure is mounting to do away with SMS-based 2FA. Other 2FA solutions (e.g. national CAP schemes [0]) are on their way out, too. So are call centers, which used to let you do banking on the phone. In Europe, you are living in increasingly difficult times if you want to do banking unless you happen to own a smartphone running an OS made by Google or Apple, and to be a customer on their respective app store. [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Authentication_Program https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Authentication_Program
- walrus01 2y agoFor a quick reference to anti-freedom-of-the-press and Internet censorship under Erdogan in Turkey, recently: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey
- bigmattystyles 2y agoWhat was his degree in? The article doesn’t say.
- zerocrates 2y agoBusiness administration.
- starfezzy 2y agoWhy did they annul it? I'm assuming they gave a reason, not sure if that's a reasonable assumption.
- mcphage 2y agoThey annulled it so he couldn’t run against Ergodan.
- advisedwang 2y agoPer the article: > In a statement, the university said 38 people had transferred to its management faculty's English-language programme in 1990 in an irregular way. > The graduations and degrees of 28 of them, including Imamoglu, were annulled as being "void" and due to "clear errors" regarding the regulations of the Higher Education Board (YOK), the school said.
- ozgung 2y agoReal reason: Opposition (CHP) is the first party since the local elections and it is almost certain that Imamoglu will replace Erdogan in the next elections. CHP primaries will be held this weekend and Imamoglu was the sole candidate. Made-up reason: Imamoglu transfered to Istanbul University from a foreign university (Cyprus) in 1990. They claimed that university was not accredited by Turkish Higher Education Council. That was not really a requirement for the transfer at the time and the universities used to have more autonomy. Today they also annuled the degrees of 28 more people who did the same thing in 1990, just for the optics. I think one of them is a college professor.
- selcuka 2y ago> I think one of them is a college professor. I saw an argument about this latter decision which (rightfully) claimed that, if what happened is lawful, then they should also revoke the diplomas of all students of that college professor.
- echoangle 2y agoWow, you have to have a university degree to run for election as president? That’s a wild law.
- darkhorn 2y agoWhy it is a wow?
- echoangle 2y agoWell at least in my opinion, it seems extremely undemocratic. University education is a privilege that some people won’t be able to experience (financial constraints, having to care for relatives, …), and I don’t think it’s a unique qualifier for being a good president. I think if people want to elect someone who didn’t go to university, they should be able to.
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- ChoGGi 2y agoApparently colleges and trade schools count as well.
- crooked-v 2y agoExcept actually they don't, because no matter how you qualify, it will get taken away anyway if you try to use it.
- darkhorn 2y agoDemocracy doesn't work when ordinary people are not educated. Education in Turkey has been very poor. Many people have finished only 5th or 8th grades. Many didn't go to a high school. Thus people are not critical thinkers. They are voting as if they are supporting a football team. Someone popular with a low education can fool people, just like in Turkey or Venezuella. And now here we see the result. Erdoğan has no diploma and he is trying to keep his seat by doing everything. Would you mind your money in the bank managed by illeterate person? Or would you mind going to a doctor without any degree? Why you are going to trust somone who does not have legal degree? In my opinion university degree is not enough. He should have at least masters degree.
- g8oz 2y agoErdogan has turned the country into an electoral autocracy. The Swedish Varieties of Democracy centre released its annual report analyzing the state of democracies around the world as of the end of 2024. America is still listed as a liberal democracy. It's an open question whether it still will be by the end of next year. https://www.v-dem.net https://www.v-dem.net
- throw3849490 2y agoBanning oposition over irregularities, is perfectly normal in mature democracy! It is a sign that democratic process works, and can heal itself! Ancient Athens have ostracism.
- seydor 2y agowhat does this have to do with ostracism? Ostracism was democratic, with secret vote, not a dictatorial obstruction of opposition
- overfeed 2y agoIn other, recent, non-related news, Columbia University revoked the diplomas of some pro-Palestine protestors[1]. The CBS headline buries the lede, but revoking diplomas is not too low for American universities. 1. https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/columbia-university-protest-expulsions-suspension/ https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/columbia-university-pro...
- srslythrowaway 2y ago[flagged]
- catlover76 2y ago[dead]
- hackyhacky 2y agoSo you don't support freedom of speech? Or you support it only for people who agree with you? Do you believe the government should pressure institutions to punish people who express messages the government doesn't like? It's interesting that Columbia protesters get their degrees revoked but J6 protesters get pardons. How do you explain the difference?
- srslythrowaway 2y agoJ6 protestors are lawbreakers. IMO, they should not get pardons, but Trump is a despot with the power to issue pardons. I can't do anything about that. The people at Columbia were not mere "protestors". They were physically abusive bigots who trampled the freedoms of people around them. If they were Jews chanting islamophobic slurs, destroying property, and preventing anyone with a keffiyeh from attending class, they should suffer the same consequences. I get that "peaceful protest" can be seen as an oxymoron. But what happened at Columbia should have been stopped the moment it started. It is bigotry. It is hypocrisy. But even if you ignore the moral and ethical failings, it was against the rules.
- 2y ago
- otikik 2y agoThat sounds so corrupt.
- amadeuspagel 2y agoThe really interesting news here is that in Turkey you need a degree to run for president.
- wnevets 2y agoI'm sure it sounded like a good idea at the time but this proves once again these kind of limitations placed on leadership positions can and will be exploited.
- jayknight 2y agoIn 2028, The State of Indiana is going to issue a corrected birth certificate for Pete Buttigieg showing him to be 32 years and therefore not eligible to be president.
- JumpCrisscross 2y agoThe Constitution requires Presidents “have attained to the Age of thirty five Years” [1]. It cites the fact, not the certificate. The Turkish law doesn’t seem to require an education, it requires a degree. Minor difference. (And the text of the law wouldn’t matter in the end.) But an interesting difference nevertheless. [1] https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-2/ https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/article-2/
- YZF 2y agoCan't this be fixed easily by another university bestowing an honorary degree to this guy then?
- JumpCrisscross 2y ago> Can't this be fixed easily by another university bestowing an honorary degree to this guy then? No. That’s a technical solution to a political problem. But, we’re on HN! Does anyone have a good English translation of the relevant statute? The loopholes to a certificate problem are with the certification authority—how is a compliant degree defined?
- throwaway3485t8 2y agoTo add insult to injury, it could be the case that Erdogan's degree is fake [1] (I don't know of a single Turkish person NOT voting for him that thinks that his degree is authentic) [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_university_diploma_controversy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_univ...
- msm_ 2y agoFrom a brief reading of the wikipedia article you linked, I'm under impression that the accusations are baseless (given that there are - supposedly - witnesses and his former classmates that confirm his version, and apparently no whistleblowers that present a proof otherwise). The sources are in Turkish so I didn't consult them[1]. Is the article biased or omits some important context? Since you believe the degree is not authentic I assume you know about some things suggesting misconduct. [1] Yes, I could translate them, but I'm not prepared to go down this particular rabbit hole.
- alephnerd 2y agoBefore the 2000s, depending on how overtly conservative you were and who was in govenenent (coups, counter-coups, and fits of "democracy" happened every couple years), you might not have been allowed to attend at all. An entire generation of women from conservative backgrounds couldn't attend university in Turkiye until the 2000s because of the hijab ban. Unsurprisingly, once conservative Turkish politicians like Erdogan took power, they came with vengeance. Didn't help that rural, working class, and certain ethnicities (Anatolian Turks, Kurds) were more conservative than others - go to Istanbul Airport sometime and count how many un-hijabed vs hijabed women work as the bathroom cleaning staff. Of course, those same conservative politicians then do the exact same shenanigans of corruption, power politics, and authoritarianism, and so the cycle continues. The intersectionality between class, religion, ideology, and ethnicity makes Turkish politics wonky.
- eru 2y ago> Of course, those same conservative politicians then do the exact same shenanigans of corruption, power politics, and authoritarianism, and so the cycle continues. The curious things was that early in Erdogan's reign, that is during the 2000s, Turkey seemed to be genuinely making progress, especially in terms of economic policy and outcomes. That's when he was still making fairly orthodox reforms more or less along the lines required by the EU for aspiring new members. (Yes, neoliberal reforms work!) In the last few years we saw more 'interesting' economic ideas from Erdogan, like that high interest rates cause inflation.
- seydor 2y agohe has 2 years to get another degree
- outer_web 2y agoI would totally watch Turkish Billy Madison.
- motohagiography 2y agomaybe they failed to take the requisite social media training to maintain it?
- TrackerFF 2y agoEqually shitty is the fact that 27 other people probably got their degrees annulled, just as a cover your ass measure from the unis side.
- gizzlon 2y agoEqually shitty? That affects 27 people, ruining the democracy and rule of law affects millions!
- exabrial 2y agoErdogan worries me as a NATO partner. They're incredibly important geopolitically. The rule of law appears to be disappearing, and its turning into a Lukashenko/Putin situation.
- pmags 2y agoThe Trump administration is similarly trying to purge / stifle academic institutions and bend them to their uses. For example, the Trump administration has told Columbia to dissolve specific academic departments. See this earlier discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43358925 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43358925 The US and Turkish governments are operating under the same authoritarian rules of engagement, it's just that the Turks are further along the trajectory.
- trentnix 2y agoLess than a year ago multiple States attempted to remove Trump from the Presidential ballot. That’s the closer analogue to the shenanigans in Turkey, not the attempted equivalence you’re trying to make.
- matthewdgreen 2y agoAnd they were blocked from doing so. Despite at least having a more reasonable case rooted in the actual text of the UE constitution.
- kibwen 2y agoRefusing to accept that you lost an election and then attempting an insurrection to overthrow the candidate that you lost to isn't quite the same thing.
- chrisco255 2y agoJ6 wasn't the first protest Washington D.C. has ever seen, but it was somehow the first they allowed to get out of hand.
- CalChris 2y agoYes, Trump refusing to send in the DC Guard could be considered allowing it to get out of hand.
- IncreasePosts 2y agoWell, can't some university just award him a degree?
- selcuka 2y agoWhen the oldest university in Turkey can be forced to revoke a diploma, no other university would dare to do that. Also it would be a honorary degree, which probably doesn't count. Maybe a foreign university can, but I believe he would still need to get a state institution (YÖK - Higher Education Council) to approve the foreign diploma.
- ozgung 2y agoNote that two of the other popular opposition parties’ leaders are in the prison right now. Imamoglu is the candidate for the main opposition party (CHP, Social Democrats) and is leading in the polls. There are multiple investigations for Imamoglu as well. So imprisonment or a political ban is still on the table. This was just a low-key attempt to disqualify him without further ado.
- ozgung 2y agoUpdate: He is detained. That was quicker than I expected.
- johnthewise 2y agoon terrorism charges(to give more context on the audacity of the attempt)
- Sabinus 2y agoJust like how Putin had two actual opposition Presidential candidates ruled ineligible due to 'irregularities' with their applications.
- LorenDB 2y agohttps://archive.ph/Y81Z1 https://archive.ph/Y81Z1
- johnea 2y ago[flagged]
- realist31415 2y agoEast and West, No matter what you call this platform or forum, the vast majority of users are from America and Europe. The East is often viewed from an Orientalist perspective in the eyes of the West. However, when it comes to Turkey, it resembles neither the East nor the West. Our electoral system is not like that of the East. There is no fraud or any other kind of manipulation. However, on the road to elections, anything goes. Laws are enacted, changed, or amended as needed. This is the electoral process. But while the elected officials are chosen by the people, the candidates who make it to the election stage undergo intense training and a series of specific events behind the scenes. Now, if you look at this matter with straightforward logic, you see that Erdoğan unfairly invalidated İmamoğlu’s diploma and that this is against the law. However, I can only explain the reality of the situation as follows: For nearly 20 years, newspapers, the media, news channels, and even certain famous figures have speculated about Erdoğan’s missing diploma. Whether Erdoğan has a university diploma or not remains uncertain. This is something the left in Turkey has always known but often mocked. I want to emphasize this: The left in Turkey is ineffective because you cannot change the paradigms inherited from the past. Now, the discussion revolves around İmamoğlu’s diploma. But why? Because, quite simply, those who once criticized Erdoğan for allegedly not having a diploma have now been given a president without a diploma in return. Was this action illegal? Absolutely not. But is justice in the country applied equally to everyone? Of course not. Do not perceive me as right-wing, left-wing, or an Erdoğan supporter. I am analyzing the situation from a historical perspective. As for the invalidation of the diploma, if there is an absolutely void and legally null action, how can “acquired rights” (müktesep hak) be established? In the case of an “obvious mistake” the decision can always be reversed. Therefore, the diploma is invalid. Even if most Turks here do not accept this, states operate collectively, and only those chosen by the game masters(USA) remain in play. İmamoğlu is neither one of those people nor even on the bench. That is why, even if he won admission to the university, unfortunately, he has no real chance of being elected.
- robertlagrant 2y ago> There is no fraud or any other kind of manipulation Can you expand on this? Changing the rules or subversive tactics such as getting a degree rescinded seems like that to me.
- reramuyc 2y ago[dead]
- throwaind29k 2y agoThe more fundamental question is why a degree should be necessary to run for President. US does not require one for example.
- blackeyeblitzar 2y agoThese tactics are often criticized selectively. Why is it a problem when Turkey manipulates elections by banning certain candidates or parties, but not a problem when Romania or Germany or the EU does it? When any country resorts to such authoritarian tactics, it needs to be condemned. Otherwise criticism of people like Erdogan falls flat.
- stogot 2y agoWhataboutism
- crooked-v 2y agoIt is also a problem in those other cases.
- simion314 2y agoDon't comment about Romania if you are not correctly informed. For Turkey I will wait for judges to decide if what happened was legal.
- blackeyeblitzar 2y agoI am very informed. It’s clear that the Romanian courts succumbed to pressure from the EU, as confirmed by an EU commissioner. The courts fabricated a justification that is weak in order to get the result they wanted. It’s why they slowly stepped from a recount to cancelling the election to banning candidates.
- simion314 2y agoA candidate was ban before Kremlinescu, but guess what Putin and Elon said nothing maybe because she was a woman and not that good looking. Where was the bot army defending the fascist woman that was desqualified?
- stogot 2y agoCould a sympathetic university grant an honorary degree?
- Quarrel 2y agoIn Erdogan's Turkey, I doubt it. If they did, I could see their accreditation being pulled. Erdogan plays for keeps.
- tlogan 2y agoThere’s a noticeable inconsistency in how Hacker News community reacts to electoral controversies in Romania and Turkey. In Romania, the Constitutional Court disqualified candidate Călin Georgescu based on unproven allegations that he was influenced by Russia. In Turkey, opposition leader and Istanbul Mayor Ekrem İmamoğlu was barred from running after his university degree was annulled under dubious circumstances. Both cases involve actions that directly impact democratic processes—effectively ensuring that those in power remain in power. Yet, the reactions to these events seem to differ significantly. Does this reveal an inherent tribalism in our thinking? If HN represents a community of intellectuals, are we truly guided by reason and intellectual honesty, or are our responses shaped more by instinct and bias?
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- lolinder 2y agoHere's the link to the relevant discussion so people can decide for themselves if there actually is a significant difference and come to their own conclusions about why that difference might exist: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42339819 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42339819 Also, in general I find that people who weigh in with this kind of comment trying to draw parallels and implying that there was some kind of consensus in favor of X which is inconsistent with the opposition to Y both misremember the earlier conversation and forget that these conversations feature totally different people. Judging an extremely heterogenous community for the consistency of its political views is an exercise in futility.
- tlogan 2y agoThank you for highlighting the discussion about Romanian Constitutional Court’s annulment of the presidential election due to alleged Russian interference. However, there’s a noticeable lack of discourse regarding Turkish President Erdoğan’s actions to maintain power. Nobody is arguing he is right. Anyway both scenarios involve incumbent authorities taking measures that consolidate their hold on power, yet the disparity in our community’s reactions is striking. This raises questions about potential biases within our intellectual circles. Are we, as a community that prides itself on rational discourse, sometimes swayed by tribal instincts rather than objective analysis? It’s crucial to reflect on this to ensure our discussions remain balanced and rooted in intellectual honesty.
- hiAndrewQuinn 2y agoYou know how people are always saying not to write laws like "Only people with college degrees can run for office", because bad people might weaponize it down the line even if you write it today with the best of intentions?
- seydor 2y agoAn authoritarian can weaponize any law really
- hiAndrewQuinn 2y agoWell, yeah, but you have to get more creative to weaponize "thou shalt not kill".
- jajko 2y agoThat ship has sailed long time ago, we had crusades, jihad or orthodox church representatives blessing weapons going straight for battles
- r721 2y ago>Confirmed: Live metrics show #Turkey has restricted access to multiple social media platforms including X, YouTube, Instagram and TikTok; the incident comes as Istanbul mayor Ekrem Imamoglu and dozens of others are detained in events described by the opposition as a "coup" https://x.com/netblocks/status/1902230361968427206 https://x.com/netblocks/status/1902230361968427206 >Turkey detains Istanbul mayor Imamoglu in corruption probe https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-detains-istanbul-mayor-imamoglu-in-corruption-probe/a-71967396 https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-detains-istanbul-mayor-imamoglu...
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- hashstring 2y agoWow. https://xcancel.com/netblocks/status/1902230361968427206 https://xcancel.com/netblocks/status/1902230361968427206
- throw0101a 2y ago> Prosecutors accused him of corruption and aiding a terrorist group, calling him a "criminal organisation leader suspect". * https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yren8mxp8o https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yren8mxp8o > Authorities also closed several roads around Istanbul and banned demonstrations in the city for four days in an apparent effort to prevent protests following Imamoglu’s arrest. * https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/19/turkiye-police-detain-erdogan-rival-imamoglu-in-corruption-terror-probe https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/19/turkiye-police-deta...
- niemandhier 2y agoWould that be possible in the US? Could Havard annull a degree retrospectively e.g. due to pressure from donors or the president ?
- dragonwriter 2y agoColumbia just did, after pressure from the Trump Administration: https://www.jns.org/columbia-says-it-expelled-some-anti-israel-students-revoked-degrees-issued-multi-year-suspensions/ https://www.jns.org/columbia-says-it-expelled-some-anti-isra...
- timeon 2y agoYou can't even have US-political posts on HN (like you can have Turkish one here) so it probably would be possible.
- hoseja 2y agoConstantinople yearns to be free.
- postepowanieadm 2y agoHilarious, as the opposition has tried to do the same to Erdogan.
- postepowanieadm 2y agoSinister*
- svilen_dobrev 2y agoi did a racing-bicycle-with-saddlebags roundabout Marmara sea half an year ago for ~17days. And i am from next country, with somewhat partially related culture/history. What i observed was that the more and bigger the red flags and Attaturk monuments there are, the better maintained (=funded) the town looked like. The most flashier sported a flag hanging from (near) every balcony, few 10 meter ones hanging from various towers, and several 3-5 meter high statues here or there. Those without any, looked like forgotten shacks. One night, in Bandirma, there was a ruling-party-preelection event. (Busses bringing) jolly manifesting supporters, jolly horseriders, jolly motorbikers, jolly 4wds and monstertrucks, whatever. Usual rock-concerto after the speeches. And, there are lots of construction works. Roads (doubling some). Factories. Buildings. Everything. And somewhat visible military presence. On unrelated places. Some of these things smell familiar. It wasn't that different in my country 40y ago when it was named "People's Republic of"
- alphazard 2y agoIt's interesting that people seem to think the problem is "politically motivated" revoking of degrees, rather than the degree requirement itself. It's like no one thought even a single step ahead about the consequences of a degree requirement. It just moves power to the people that give out degrees. Some people are clearly only pretending not to understand this, but a significant amount seem to really not understand it. This extends to other areas of economics and politics too, where most proposed systems only move or concentrate power and don't have the desired effect at all. I'm not sure where the educational failure here is. It seems like the only people that engage with these problems honestly and seriously are cryptocurrency developers and cryptographers. I would imagine mainstream economists are only pretending not to understand. Meanwhile some large fraction of the population really does think you can just declare by fiat that presidents have to be more educated and it will just work.
- ashoeafoot 2y agoHow many democracies left by now?
- hulitu 2y ago> How many democracies left by now? 0
- ashoeafoot 2y agoIts so depressing . And the racist culture relativists just going along with that. No analysis, no help, nohackernews, nothing ..
- diedyesterday 2y agoSo Erdogan wants to be Putin of Turkey. It's up to the Turks if he can succeed.
- fmg 2y agoI think, at the end of the day, the root cause comes down to whether the judiciary is truly independent. In theory, Turkey is governed by the rule of law, with a separation of powers and secularism. In practice, however, there’s a deep divide between various subcultures and a significant lack of trust.