24 ms·

Not building new nuclear power plants in the last 30 years was a major mistake, in terms of energy supply security as well as CO2 emissions.

by mem0r1 5y ago

nikkinana 5y ago
Because they can
Arnt 5y ago
Or, if you want: Not building twice as many (wind/anything) was a major mistake. Nuclear power plants fail sometimes, just like the wind fails. In 2016 almost a third of the plants in France were offline at the same time, some for planned maintenance, some unplanned, and the peak prices were higher than now. All these things are fixable by overbuilding enough. There's nothing special or magic about nuclear.
- gabaix 5y ago
  Building more nuclear helps de-risk wind droughts. This isn’t specific to nuclear; building more of a different kind mitigates the risk.
  - pfdietz 5y ago
    Not really. NPPs as backup to wind would be horribly expensive. Wind droughts don't happen often; even the current price during them would not make a NPP pay off. What would make sense is larger local stores of hydrogen, to be burned in combustion turbines during the rare wind outages.
    - FartyMcFarter 5y ago
      > What would make sense is larger local stores of hydrogen, to be burned in combustion turbines during the rare wind outages. Would this work when there's little wind for a week or more?
      - pfdietz 5y ago
        Absolutely. Hydrogen can be stored underground for maybe $1/kWh of storage capacity. There would also be power related costs, but those don't matter nearly as much for rare event backup. Germany alone has the potential to store an estimated 9.6 PWh of hydrogen, enough to supply their average electric power demand for years, not weeks. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360319919347299 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03603...
        modo_mario 5y ago
        Creating hydrogen with excess power is really inefficient energy wise and also tips the scales of cost a lot.
        dageshi 5y ago
        If the energy is basically free which under certain circumstances (lots of wind) could happen, does it matter how inefficient it is?
        ben_w 5y ago
        Depends how expensive the electrolyser is. Just because I did make something when I was 9 years old that could fill up a small jamjar with hydrogen, doesn’t necessarily mean it’s economically viable. (I have no idea either way if this is an important limit or not. Just that it can have other sources of downside besides merely using otherwise wasted energy).
        pfdietz 5y ago
        There have been reports of cheap mediocre efficiency alkaline electrolyzers in China for under $200/kW. This is indeed a key area for hydrogen from intermittent renewables to be successful, but I think there's great room for cost decline here as volume ramps up.
        rualca 5y ago
    - xxpor 5y ago
      We should probably prefer pumped hydro before stored h2.
      - chess_buster 5y ago
        Molten Salts powering the old coal plants in a closed system.
        pfdietz 5y ago
        Hot sand looks even better (much higher storage temperature): https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/07%20Day1-Zhiwen%20Ma_NREL.pdf https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/07%20D...
    - Manuel_D 5y ago
      Are there any commercial operators of electric grid storage using hydrogen? I can only find prototype or demonstration projects. Most of the time, people saying grid-scale storage is feasible point to technologies that exist in the prototyping phase. The reality is that we don't know whether these solutions will be feasible at scale, or if they'll hit bottlenecks or poor scalability that drives up cost when deployed at scale. Comparing a hypothetical cost of hydrogen, to actual historical cost is comparing apples to oranges.
      - pfdietz 5y ago
        Why should any exist yet, when natural gas has been so cheap? Tighten the screws enough to eliminate fossil fuel dispatchable sources and you'll start to see it (or something else that can solve the same problem better).
        Manuel_D 5y ago
        Many places are already seeing energy surpluses. California and Hawaii are consistently reaching excess daytime energy production. If we really can store electricity in hydrogen $1/KWh, then we should be seeing hydrogen storage being built to profit off these intervals of negative energy prices. But we aren't. Is it because people fail to see this market opportunity? Or, maybe, it's because writing a white paper claiming an extremely cheap cost is not remotely the same thing as actually building an energy storage facility at said cost. I agree, we should tighten screws to eliminate fossil fuels. But hydroelectricity is the only scalable form of grid storage we currently have, and that's limited to the right geography. Expecting some unproven technology to be a silver bullet for storage is extremely wishful thinking. We need to be honest about technologies like hydrogen, compressed air, flywheels, etc: These are experimental technologies that might operate cheaply at scale, but we have no real-world experience to back up these claims. I could just say "storage is irrelevant because fusion will deliver energy at $1/MWh" and while nobody can technically disprove it, since they can't see into the future, it's also dishonest to claim this as fact for the same reason.
        p_l 5y ago
  - Arnt 5y ago
    But if a country mitigates, e.g. by having many operators of different technologies, then consumers can hardly help noticing the price of nuclear. So the operators of nuclear plants end up having to explain ⓐ why they're expensive ⓑ that they are more reliable than the Japanese operators at Fukushima and c) why they still require public subsidy of their liability insurance.
    - Chris2048 5y ago
      When you say "why they're expensive" do you mean the plant itself, or the produced electricity? In any case Fukushima is easily explained: They ignored the risk of tsunami despite two studies (and governmental bodies) warning of it. The real reason the Fukushima is so damaging, is that the Japanese are seen as generally "competent", so their mistakes/hubris are seen as reproducible anywhere i.e. "if the Japanese couldn't get it right".
      - Arnt 5y ago
        Either, since the income should justify the investment: One wants nuclear plant operators to have plenty of income, so as not to be tempted to save on maintenance. I agree entirely with the hubris argument. And it's a harsh one, because if an organisation claims to be more competent than the Japanese and and safety-minded too, why can't it persuade an insurer to sell it liability insurance on normal commercial terms, at a justifiable price? It's a difficult argument to make.
        AnthonyMouse 5y ago
        > if an organisation claims to be more competent than the Japanese and and safety-minded too, why can't it persuade an insurer to sell it liability insurance on normal commercial terms, at a justifiable price? It's because nobody else buys that amount of insurance. A hundred billion dollar insurance policy has significant risks and costs to the insurer completely independent of the actual risk of a claim. For one thing, the insurer is required to hold enough capital to pay out possible claims no matter how unlikely they are. So you're basically paying interest on that sum of money in the difference between the ordinary market rate of return and the lower return on the "safe" securities insurers are allowed to hold. That cost is completely independent of the risk of a claim; it's strictly based on the amount of insurance you want. Then what happens if there is e.g. a major earthquake which causes a minor incident at a nuclear plant, so that 99% of the damage is caused by the earthquake but the insurer is a deep pocket and the judge is sympathetic to the earthquake victims? That's a risk an insurer has to account for, but it's not a risk you can address by improving the safety of the nuclear plant because the risk is rooted in politics. When the risk of an incident is low enough, it's costs like that which dominate the premium for the policy. You can make the risk of a legitimate claim arbitrarily small and those costs would still be the same. And it's an isolated demand for rigor. Nobody else is required to carry that amount of insurance. When a coal mine turns an entire town into a superfund site and kills thousands of people, they just file for bankruptcy. What would the alternatives cost if they had to carry the same insurance, or pay for their externalities?
  - tjansen 5y ago
    It's true, but when does it make sense to include plants that do not deliver reliable power? Wind power makes a lot of sense as long as you are still using fossil fuels. Every watt generated by wind power means that you can reduce fossil fuel, and thus lower your CO2 emissions. But once you got rid of fossil fuels and you have a reliable source of power without CO2 emissions, you can get rid of the unreliable ones.
    - adrianN 5y ago
      Wind and solar are pretty cheap and storage keeps getting cheaper, that's why they make sense.
      - tjansen 5y ago
        We are decades away from having enough storage to make wind and power a reliable power source. There is not even technology that would scale up enough to store a country's power for weeks or at least a few days. China just has announced ambitious plans to install storage for 100 GWh by 2030. China's electric power generation capacity is 2200 GW (in 2020). That's not even enough to provide electricity for 5 minutes....
        ben_w 5y ago
        > There is not even technology that would scale up enough to store a country's power for weeks or at least a few days. Don’t mistake a manufacturing limit for a tech scaling limit. While it may take decades to get there, batteries could do that; in the mean time, intercontinental HVDC connections could substitute for some of that storage (not all the storage all at once unless mining increases, but certainly plausible over the scale of a decade or so and we would need that timescale to build the renewables themselves anyway)[0], and the batteries are in addition to existing pumped hydro, and even in the current “low wind” scenario the UK is still getting 3.8 GW (~11%) from wind[1][2] rather than getting nothing. [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28474201 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28474201 [1] https://gridwatch.templar.co.uk/ https://gridwatch.templar.co.uk/ [2] https://gridwatch.co.uk/demand/percent https://gridwatch.co.uk/demand/percent
  - fundatus 5y ago
    > Building more nuclear helps de-risk wind droughts. No, not at all. Nuclear is used for base loads, not to compensate fluctuating electricity production of other sources.
- roenxi 5y ago
  > There's nothing special or magic about nuclear. Apart from the technology, safety profile and generally being the cleanest source of energy ever discovered. And being able to stockpile enormous amounts of energy in a small heap if necessary ^^. And if we could just convince people to accept it only causing say, half as much damage as coal it would be ridiculously cheap too. These appallingly high safety standards are expensive. ^^ EDIT Which would really help if there was some sort of large, unexpected event which disrupted the world's logistic chains for a few years. Unlike natural gas. Longer term supply rather than short term spot markets, lots of room to recover from surprises.
  - deleted 5y ago
    [deleted]
  - aljg 5y ago
    Half as much damage as coal is a pretty low bar! Natural gas also meets it, for example. Your broader point is strong though, and there's no reason 4th-gen nuclear power plants being designed now couldn't deliver a quarter (or less) the damage of coal while still being economical.
    - aeternum 5y ago
      Could they really be economical though? There is potential for harm (including terrorism) that must be insured against, you also need to pay a premium for the land compared to solar/wind since few want to live nearby. The construction timelines are huge compared to solar/wind and you don't have the economies of scale that drive prices down. Nuclear easily beats coal if we include the environmental costs but it's also up against solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal options which have seen huge efficiency gains in the last decade.
    - opo 5y ago
      >Half as much damage as coal is a pretty low bar! Natural gas also meets it, for example. Natural gas has advantages over coal, but if we are talking about effects on climate change, natural gas is unfortunately comparable to using coal. The CO2 emissions from a natural gas plant are much lower than a coal plant, but it isn't clear that if you account for methane releases during production/transporting/storage that it is better for climate change than coal. >...Back in August, a NOAA-led study measured a stunning 6% to 12% methane leakage over one of the country’s largest gas fields — which would gut the climate benefits of switching from coal to gas. We’ve known for a long time that methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released when any hydrocarbon, like natural gas, is burned. But the IPCC’s latest report, released Monday (big PDF here), reports that methane is 34 times stronger a heat-trapping gas than CO2 over a 100-year time scale, so its global-warming potential (GWP) is 34. That is a nearly 40% increase from the IPCC’s previous estimate of 25. ...The IPCC reports that, over a 20-year time frame, methane has a global warming potential of 86 compared to CO2, up from its previous estimate of 72. Given that we are approaching real, irreversible tipping points in the climate system, climate studies should, at the very least, include analyses that use this 20-year time horizon. Finally, it bears repeating that natural gas from even the best fracked wells is still a climate-destroying fossil fuel. If we are to avoid catastrophic warming, our natural gas consumption has to peak sometime in the next 10 to 15 years, according to studies by both the Center for American Progress and the Union of Concerned Scientists. https://thinkprogress.org/more-bad-news-for-fracking-ipcc-warns-methane-traps-much-more-heat-than-we-thought-9c2badf392df/ https://thinkprogress.org/more-bad-news-for-fracking-ipcc-wa... As we use more and more natural gas, we can expect more and more methane disasters like the leak from Aliso Canyon in CA which was the largest methane leak in US history. This released over 100,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere and required 11,000 residents to be evacuated. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35659947 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35659947
- tjansen 5y ago
  You can't compare 1/3rd of all plants being down with the volatility of wind power. On November 3, 2015, German wind power generated only 0.2 GW. Its power rating at that time was over 40 GW. How do you want to compensate for that?
  - _ph_ 5y ago
    By having other power sources as well. Starting with offshore wind, then of course, solar cells. Build up more storage (both biological gas and synthetic gas, water, batteries), strengthen the European networks. The chance is very good that on windless days in Germany, there will be quite a bit of wind in France. Same with solar. A 1 GW DC line to Norway was put into operation just recently. And of course, we can keep all those gas power plants in reserve for those few days per year when nothing other is sufficient. The goal should first be, not requiring them to run on a day to day basis.
    - Seanambers 5y ago
      Yeah.. Lets base a large amount of our energy generation capacity on a resource that require a large amount of space and has a non zero chance of not producing anything, and lets back that up with excess power generation capacity which can mitigate this and does not exhibit this flaw. Windmills are f.king stupid for anything other than local production. Solar, Nuclear + Gas and grid storage seems like a way better approach. Not to mention the fact that in wintertime windmills needs to be de-iced with the same chemicals they use on airplanes in colder climates.
      - wcoenen 5y ago
        Wind turbines that need to deal with ice typically have an internal de-icing system, with electrical heaters[1]. The meme about de-icing with chemicals was spread by oil and gas consultant Luke Legate. The picture he shared was actually showing a helicopter using plain hot water to de-ice a wind turbine in 2015[2]. This is sometimes used as a backup de-icing method. [1] https://www.iqpc.com/media/1001147/37957.pdf https://www.iqpc.com/media/1001147/37957.pdf [2] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/02/18/fact-check-image-meme-wind-turbine-de-icing-sweden/6787470002/ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/02/18/fac...
- _-david-_ 5y ago
  >There's nothing special or magic about nuclear. Except it can run at peak efficiency when it is cloudy and not windy. This is one of the biggest selling points with dirty energy.
- wffurr 5y ago
  Can't overbuilding also increase prices because all those plants have capital costs that have to be paid for whether they produce or not?
  - xvedejas 5y ago
    The capital costs mean the plants cost more to run than they would otherwise, but this wouldn't necessarily factor into the price. There's no reason to pay more for extra energy that costs more, so adding a plant that charges even more than the market price would not be able to sell any energy: the market already provides for demand at a lower price. What might actually raise the price is plants going offline, or existing plants raising their price. These things will probably happen, but they could happen anyway regardless of whether new plants come online. To attempt an analogy, if I put up a sign that I'm selling iPhones at $6000 each, that won't actually raise the prices of iPhones. That's because customers can already get enough iPhones from Apple, even though they complain that Apple sells them for too high a price too. My offer is just never an alternative, not until Apple raises their prices much much higher (or goes out of business).
- asdff 5y ago
  Whenever nuclear fails you can trace it directly to poor policymaking rather than any faults with the underlying technology, unlike something like coal which is flawed from the drawing board due to pollution.
  - rualca 5y ago
    > Whenever nuclear fails you can trace it directly to poor policymaking rather than any faults with the underlying technology (...) This line of argument is pointless because policymaking is not something that you can remove from the equation or even ignore the risk that it fails. It's a kin to claiming that a machine mostly fails because of human error when human interaction is mandatory and a critical part of the process.
    - asdff 5y ago
      It's not pointless. It goes to show that there are good policies undertaken by certain groups in regards to managing nuclear power (such as the U.S. navy that has operated reactors longer than anyone without much incident), and bad ones (like Chernobyl). On the other hand, for these other energy sources there are serious faults with the underlying technology that policy can't do anything about. Take a coal plant. The entire mechanics of that technology rely upon taking a block of solid carbon and converting it to a gas and expelling it into the atmosphere where it lowers air quality and increases the greenhouse gas effect. There is no way to policy your way out of that inherent fault with this underlying technology where you need to add more carbon into the air in order to produce any energy.
adrianN 5y ago
But also in terms of cost? Nuclear power plants are not exactly cheap.
- pfdietz 5y ago
  A NPP is an order of magnitude more expensive than a combined cycle power plant of the same power output. So even if electricity prices are high now because of gas constraints, that doesn't mean a NPP would have been a good idea. Europe should perhaps have diversified their gas suppliers, with more LNG.
  - me_me_me 5y ago
    Its more expensive to build because you know... a nuclear meltdown is a thing to avoid.
    - pfdietz 5y ago
      And also because combustion turbines are a seriously nice technology. Heat exchangers are expensive. A NPP transmits heat across many fluid/solid interfaces: fuel rods to coolant, primary to second coolant heat exchanger, secondary loop to steam generators, and steam to cooling water in the condenser after the turbines. A simple cycle combustion turbine avoids all that. Even a combined cycle power plant puts much less heat through its steam bottoming cycle for a given power output.
      - pfdietz 5y ago
        Correction: I added an extra loop there. Silly -- the primary loop drives the steam generators. I may have been thinking of MSRs, which have a sterile salt loop between the steam generator and the fuel bearing salt.
        retzkek 5y ago
        Also worth noting that Boiling Water Reactors (about half the current fleet) eliminate the steam generators and secondary loop, at the cost of increased nuclear and mechanical complexity in the reactor.
Cthulhu_ 5y ago
Building more energy-hungry datacenters that picked up any wind farm production also hasn't helped.
- Scoundreller 5y ago
  But need that killer low latency!
LatteLazy 5y ago
Of course, if thet had built them the price of electricity would be even higher...
legulere 5y ago
That doesn’t make sense. Building new nuclear plants is among the most expensive forms of electricity generation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source
- FartyMcFarter 5y ago
  Were those comparisons made with current prices for natural gas? Probably not.
  - _ph_ 5y ago
    Probably not, but the gas price is peaking for several, mostly temporal reasons. Especially if the overall gas usage drops due to more renewable electricity, the gas price will drop also. But the real competition for nuclear energy shouldn't be gas (which is expensive even in better times), but renewables. We need much more of them.
    - PeterisP 5y ago
      Winter is yet ahead, in the coming 6 months gas usage is only going to increase, so I don't think that this peak will decrease any time soon.
      - _ph_ 5y ago
        When we talk about possible new nuclear plans, we are not talking about the next months but years. Short term not much can rectify the situation other than trying to buy more gas. Ironically, the much criticized north stream 2 pipeline has just become ready to put into operation.
      - pydry 5y ago
        Prices now are largely based on projections for winter.
  - pfdietz 5y ago
    Even at current NG prices in Europe, combined cycle is still probably cheaper than new nuclear.
Factorium 5y ago
What about building huge solar plants in Western Sahara and Morocco? The Moroccan Government seems pretty friendly and stable. If we then configure all our electric cars to charge during the day, and discharge from 6pm onwards, we can address a lot of the evening peak.
- ben_w 5y ago
  All depends on the cost and the timescale. You can do both of those things, and while neither could be built at a scale to be a complete substitute overnight, they’re probably both faster to build than modern nuclear plants. (I’d go for these and nuclear myself, but nuclear isn’t generally popular and I don’t see that changing).
- vfclists 5y ago
  What happens in severe storms?
  - dukeyukey 5y ago
    Then you rely on turbines instead, or turn on your nuclear reactors, or import from neighbours.
- MayeulC 5y ago
  What about Spanish deserts for starters? Germany might get more kWh per euro invested in the panels it it was to construct them there, though of course it wouldn't be with german workers.
- asdff 5y ago
  You need access to millions of gallons of water a year to run a huge solar plant like Ivanpah, not to mention there probably aren't a lot of great roads for bringing in materials for heavy construction in the sahara vs the American west where in a days drive you are in the container yards at the Port of Los Angeles, so its not as easy as just plopping solar panels in the middle of the desert all over the world.
  - 5y ago
dan-robertson 5y ago
French generation is ~70% nuclear (10% wind/solar) and German is ~10% (~40% wind/solar). Yet their prices track each other closely. So I think this explanation is too simplistic. Possibly there are large interconnects between the French and German grids levelling out wholesale prices, but my assumption is that they cannot carry enough power for this imagined scenario where nuclear makes a big difference.
- throwaway894345 5y ago
  Do these countries trade energy in the same markets? If so, that would explain it, wouldn’t it?
  - dan-robertson 5y ago
    That’s the question I ask in the second paragraph. It only explains it if the interchange is sufficiently large. Another explanation could be that there is some EU mechanism to charge the same wholesale price even if there is not sufficient interchange capacity.
- kindle-dev 5y ago
  France is the the largest nuclear energy exporter, but it only exports about 12% of its nuclear energy, which might be enough to move the domestic price.
  - AnthonyMouse 5y ago
    If that 12% is the annual average, also keep in mind that it's presumably ~25% sometimes and ~0% at other times. Now suppose the domestic production is 100 GW, the domestic consumption is 90 GW and you're not exporting anything. Compare this to when the domestic production and consumption are still the same but you're exporting 20 GW. You go from having 10 GW to spare to being 10 GW short and having to bid for it against the foreign market. And the prices aren't linear. In oversupply you could be paying barely anything. At 10% undersupply you could be paying twenty times as much if that's how much it takes to reduce demand by 10%.
- 5y ago
lbriner 5y ago
They are also enormously expensive to construct and don't scale down. You can build a single wind turbine for what, $100K? Even a basic nuclear power plant is now around $50B, which is a large chunk of change to take away from taxpayers leaving even less money to research more renewable/sustainable alternatives. I do think that a better policy decision over the past 30 years would be to be more strict on building regulations to ensure good levels of insulation at construction time, which is much cheaper than retro-fitting. Also making sure it is done properly, I've seen plenty of builds where a few sections of insulation are missing because the builder ran out and no-one really checked.
- shakow 5y ago
  > You can build a single wind turbine for what, $100K? Even a basic nuclear power plant is now around $50B A modern wind turbine will typically feature a 20 years lifetime and cost a few million dollars to produce a handful of MWs. On the other hand, we see nuclear power plants happily going over 50 years of service while producing power in the magnitude of a few GWs -- and they do not cost $50B to build, but somewhere in the ballpark of a few $B. Taking the very very rough estimate of twice 1000 wind turbines vs. one nuclear power plant to produce a few GWs over half a century, we arrive at $2B for the wind turbines vs. e.g. $5B for the nuclear plants. Of course, this does not take into account the fact that the wind turbines must be supported by another power source for when there is no wind, that maintaining a nuclear plant is much more expensive than maintaining wind turbines, that 1000 WT require manifold more ground space than a NPP, etc.; but we are still very far away from $100K vs. $50B. And that is also without taking into account the commonly cited load factors of 0.25-0.4 for WTs vs. 0.85-0.95 for NPPs, which would require building at least twice as many WTs in locations complementary w.r.t. exposition to winds to be palliated. Windmills can be very nifty ancillary power sources, but they do not hold a candle to NPPs in the context of a(n) (inter)national power grid.
  - Retric 5y ago
    Nuclear is just as bad in terms of following demand the capacity factor is at best 90% but involves weeks of downtime for refueling etc. Worse the economics only work out when production is kept close to 100% when available limiting adoption in a wider electric grid. France dealt with sub 70% capacity factors even with massive exports that’s roughly a 0.9/0.7 = 30% price hike per kWh. You can use batteries to level our wind but you really need multiple nuclear power plants operating in concert which gets you back into the 10’s of billion dollar range for dependable nuclear power. However, even that few billion dollars is still massively excessive for a small island. The European grid is large enough that the unit cost isn’t a big deal, but the minimal scale of nuclear still results in various inefficiencies from transmission losses etc. A much larger problem is simply the cost per GWh, building nuclear today means estimating it’s still going to be cost competitive in 40 years which really doesn’t seem to be the case. Even back in 2000 people where looking at various long term estimates and the required subsidies to make Nuclear cost competitive didn’t seem worth it.
lopis 5y ago
Nuclear is not as clean as people try to green wash it out to be, nor is it ethical. https://meta.eeb.org/2017/10/18/french-state-owned-company-creates-ecocide-in-niger-to-fuel-its-nuclear-plants/ https://meta.eeb.org/2017/10/18/french-state-owned-company-c...
- Manuel_D 5y ago
  The face that merely "thousands" of people are impacted by France's uranium mining isn't testament to a large ecological impact, but the opposite: Nuclear's ecological impact is far less than renewables. Hydroelectricity - by far the largest renewable energy source, more than wind and solar combined - has displaced hundreds of thousands of people. The Three Gorges Dam alone displaced 140,000 people [1]. Lithium and cobalt extraction will need to increase by orders of magnitude to provide the necessary storage for intermittent renewables. The immense energy density of nuclear fuel means far less of it needs to be extracted to provide energy. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam#Environmental_impact https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam#Environmental...
bsd44 5y ago
Sure nuclear is all good until something goes wrong and you need 30k years to inhabit the area again, but that can't ever happen...oh wait. You need to weigh cons as much as pros.
- giantg2 5y ago
  We also need to be using up to date data about reactor designs that are safer rather than the older and more dangerous ones (eg FAST, slow wave).
  - tomtheelder 5y ago
    Although I'm generally pro more nuclear, this argument isn't massively compelling to me. The failed reactors of the past were considered safe when they were built.
    - p_l 5y ago
      The two large scale events involved a) known problematic design with a lot bad process (Chernobyl, the RBMK, and especially the condition into which the overall system was put before start of the event, would have failed a safety inspection under then-current Soviet rules) b) a plant where owners ignored multiple reports about dangers of tsunami capable of overcoming the defenses, and ultimately failed to contain due to loss of power to run the pumps (especially since all reactors scammed in the area). Again, failing requirements to keep running safely.
      - goguy 5y ago
        That's the problem though isn't it. Reliance on humans.
        giantg2 5y ago
        Which is not a problem in designs that incorporate passive safety (FAST, slow wave).
mistrial9 5y ago
look up "Negawatts"
wazoox 5y ago
Exactly. Rosatom trolled EU on twitter: "So apparently you cannot build your entire electricity system on weather-dependent energy sources. Who would have thought?" https://twitter.com/RosatomGlobal/status/1438395621648572418 https://twitter.com/RosatomGlobal/status/1438395621648572418
- pydry 5y ago
  Lots of people blaming the shockingly high gas prices on the wind not blowing these days it seems.
  - sudosysgen 5y ago
    That... Does make sense? Weather issues -> increased demand -> gas consimption increases

Not building new nuclear power plants in the last 30 years was a major mistake, in terms of energy supply security as well as CO2 emissions.

by mem0r1 5y ago

Not building new nuclear power plants in the last 30 years was a major mistake, in terms of energy supply security as well as CO2 emissions.

nikkinana 5y ago

Because they can

Arnt 5y ago

Or, if you want: Not building twice as many (wind/anything) was a major mistake. Nuclear power plants fail sometimes, just like the wind fails. In 2016 almost a third of the plants in France were offline at the same time, some for planned maintenance, some unplanned, and the peak prices were higher than now. All these things are fixable by overbuilding enough. There's nothing special or magic about nuclear.

gabaix 5y ago
Building more nuclear helps de-risk wind droughts. This isn’t specific to nuclear; building more of a different kind mitigates the risk.
- pfdietz 5y ago
  Not really. NPPs as backup to wind would be horribly expensive. Wind droughts don't happen often; even the current price during them would not make a NPP pay off. What would make sense is larger local stores of hydrogen, to be burned in combustion turbines during the rare wind outages.
  - FartyMcFarter 5y ago
    > What would make sense is larger local stores of hydrogen, to be burned in combustion turbines during the rare wind outages. Would this work when there's little wind for a week or more?
    - pfdietz 5y ago
      Absolutely. Hydrogen can be stored underground for maybe $1/kWh of storage capacity. There would also be power related costs, but those don't matter nearly as much for rare event backup. Germany alone has the potential to store an estimated 9.6 PWh of hydrogen, enough to supply their average electric power demand for years, not weeks. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360319919347299 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03603...
      - modo_mario 5y ago
        Creating hydrogen with excess power is really inefficient energy wise and also tips the scales of cost a lot.
        dageshi 5y ago
        If the energy is basically free which under certain circumstances (lots of wind) could happen, does it matter how inefficient it is?
        ben_w 5y ago
        Depends how expensive the electrolyser is. Just because I did make something when I was 9 years old that could fill up a small jamjar with hydrogen, doesn’t necessarily mean it’s economically viable. (I have no idea either way if this is an important limit or not. Just that it can have other sources of downside besides merely using otherwise wasted energy).
        pfdietz 5y ago
        There have been reports of cheap mediocre efficiency alkaline electrolyzers in China for under $200/kW. This is indeed a key area for hydrogen from intermittent renewables to be successful, but I think there's great room for cost decline here as volume ramps up.
        rualca 5y ago
  - xxpor 5y ago
    We should probably prefer pumped hydro before stored h2.
    - chess_buster 5y ago
      Molten Salts powering the old coal plants in a closed system.
      - pfdietz 5y ago
        Hot sand looks even better (much higher storage temperature): https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/07%20Day1-Zhiwen%20Ma_NREL.pdf https://arpa-e.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/07%20D...
  - Manuel_D 5y ago
    Are there any commercial operators of electric grid storage using hydrogen? I can only find prototype or demonstration projects. Most of the time, people saying grid-scale storage is feasible point to technologies that exist in the prototyping phase. The reality is that we don't know whether these solutions will be feasible at scale, or if they'll hit bottlenecks or poor scalability that drives up cost when deployed at scale. Comparing a hypothetical cost of hydrogen, to actual historical cost is comparing apples to oranges.
    - pfdietz 5y ago
      Why should any exist yet, when natural gas has been so cheap? Tighten the screws enough to eliminate fossil fuel dispatchable sources and you'll start to see it (or something else that can solve the same problem better).
      - Manuel_D 5y ago
        Many places are already seeing energy surpluses. California and Hawaii are consistently reaching excess daytime energy production. If we really can store electricity in hydrogen $1/KWh, then we should be seeing hydrogen storage being built to profit off these intervals of negative energy prices. But we aren't. Is it because people fail to see this market opportunity? Or, maybe, it's because writing a white paper claiming an extremely cheap cost is not remotely the same thing as actually building an energy storage facility at said cost. I agree, we should tighten screws to eliminate fossil fuels. But hydroelectricity is the only scalable form of grid storage we currently have, and that's limited to the right geography. Expecting some unproven technology to be a silver bullet for storage is extremely wishful thinking. We need to be honest about technologies like hydrogen, compressed air, flywheels, etc: These are experimental technologies that might operate cheaply at scale, but we have no real-world experience to back up these claims. I could just say "storage is irrelevant because fusion will deliver energy at $1/MWh" and while nobody can technically disprove it, since they can't see into the future, it's also dishonest to claim this as fact for the same reason.
        p_l 5y ago
- Arnt 5y ago
  But if a country mitigates, e.g. by having many operators of different technologies, then consumers can hardly help noticing the price of nuclear. So the operators of nuclear plants end up having to explain ⓐ why they're expensive ⓑ that they are more reliable than the Japanese operators at Fukushima and c) why they still require public subsidy of their liability insurance.
  - Chris2048 5y ago
    When you say "why they're expensive" do you mean the plant itself, or the produced electricity? In any case Fukushima is easily explained: They ignored the risk of tsunami despite two studies (and governmental bodies) warning of it. The real reason the Fukushima is so damaging, is that the Japanese are seen as generally "competent", so their mistakes/hubris are seen as reproducible anywhere i.e. "if the Japanese couldn't get it right".
    - Arnt 5y ago
      Either, since the income should justify the investment: One wants nuclear plant operators to have plenty of income, so as not to be tempted to save on maintenance. I agree entirely with the hubris argument. And it's a harsh one, because if an organisation claims to be more competent than the Japanese and and safety-minded too, why can't it persuade an insurer to sell it liability insurance on normal commercial terms, at a justifiable price? It's a difficult argument to make.
      - AnthonyMouse 5y ago
        > if an organisation claims to be more competent than the Japanese and and safety-minded too, why can't it persuade an insurer to sell it liability insurance on normal commercial terms, at a justifiable price? It's because nobody else buys that amount of insurance. A hundred billion dollar insurance policy has significant risks and costs to the insurer completely independent of the actual risk of a claim. For one thing, the insurer is required to hold enough capital to pay out possible claims no matter how unlikely they are. So you're basically paying interest on that sum of money in the difference between the ordinary market rate of return and the lower return on the "safe" securities insurers are allowed to hold. That cost is completely independent of the risk of a claim; it's strictly based on the amount of insurance you want. Then what happens if there is e.g. a major earthquake which causes a minor incident at a nuclear plant, so that 99% of the damage is caused by the earthquake but the insurer is a deep pocket and the judge is sympathetic to the earthquake victims? That's a risk an insurer has to account for, but it's not a risk you can address by improving the safety of the nuclear plant because the risk is rooted in politics. When the risk of an incident is low enough, it's costs like that which dominate the premium for the policy. You can make the risk of a legitimate claim arbitrarily small and those costs would still be the same. And it's an isolated demand for rigor. Nobody else is required to carry that amount of insurance. When a coal mine turns an entire town into a superfund site and kills thousands of people, they just file for bankruptcy. What would the alternatives cost if they had to carry the same insurance, or pay for their externalities?
- tjansen 5y ago
  It's true, but when does it make sense to include plants that do not deliver reliable power? Wind power makes a lot of sense as long as you are still using fossil fuels. Every watt generated by wind power means that you can reduce fossil fuel, and thus lower your CO2 emissions. But once you got rid of fossil fuels and you have a reliable source of power without CO2 emissions, you can get rid of the unreliable ones.
  - adrianN 5y ago
    Wind and solar are pretty cheap and storage keeps getting cheaper, that's why they make sense.
    - tjansen 5y ago
      We are decades away from having enough storage to make wind and power a reliable power source. There is not even technology that would scale up enough to store a country's power for weeks or at least a few days. China just has announced ambitious plans to install storage for 100 GWh by 2030. China's electric power generation capacity is 2200 GW (in 2020). That's not even enough to provide electricity for 5 minutes....
      - ben_w 5y ago
        > There is not even technology that would scale up enough to store a country's power for weeks or at least a few days. Don’t mistake a manufacturing limit for a tech scaling limit. While it may take decades to get there, batteries could do that; in the mean time, intercontinental HVDC connections could substitute for some of that storage (not all the storage all at once unless mining increases, but certainly plausible over the scale of a decade or so and we would need that timescale to build the renewables themselves anyway)[0], and the batteries are in addition to existing pumped hydro, and even in the current “low wind” scenario the UK is still getting 3.8 GW (~11%) from wind[1][2] rather than getting nothing. [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28474201 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28474201 [1] https://gridwatch.templar.co.uk/ https://gridwatch.templar.co.uk/ [2] https://gridwatch.co.uk/demand/percent https://gridwatch.co.uk/demand/percent
- fundatus 5y ago
  > Building more nuclear helps de-risk wind droughts. No, not at all. Nuclear is used for base loads, not to compensate fluctuating electricity production of other sources.
roenxi 5y ago
> There's nothing special or magic about nuclear. Apart from the technology, safety profile and generally being the cleanest source of energy ever discovered. And being able to stockpile enormous amounts of energy in a small heap if necessary ^^. And if we could just convince people to accept it only causing say, half as much damage as coal it would be ridiculously cheap too. These appallingly high safety standards are expensive. ^^ EDIT Which would really help if there was some sort of large, unexpected event which disrupted the world's logistic chains for a few years. Unlike natural gas. Longer term supply rather than short term spot markets, lots of room to recover from surprises.
- deleted 5y ago
  [deleted]
- aljg 5y ago
  Half as much damage as coal is a pretty low bar! Natural gas also meets it, for example. Your broader point is strong though, and there's no reason 4th-gen nuclear power plants being designed now couldn't deliver a quarter (or less) the damage of coal while still being economical.
  - aeternum 5y ago
    Could they really be economical though? There is potential for harm (including terrorism) that must be insured against, you also need to pay a premium for the land compared to solar/wind since few want to live nearby. The construction timelines are huge compared to solar/wind and you don't have the economies of scale that drive prices down. Nuclear easily beats coal if we include the environmental costs but it's also up against solar, wind, geothermal, and tidal options which have seen huge efficiency gains in the last decade.
  - opo 5y ago
    >Half as much damage as coal is a pretty low bar! Natural gas also meets it, for example. Natural gas has advantages over coal, but if we are talking about effects on climate change, natural gas is unfortunately comparable to using coal. The CO2 emissions from a natural gas plant are much lower than a coal plant, but it isn't clear that if you account for methane releases during production/transporting/storage that it is better for climate change than coal. >...Back in August, a NOAA-led study measured a stunning 6% to 12% methane leakage over one of the country’s largest gas fields — which would gut the climate benefits of switching from coal to gas. We’ve known for a long time that methane is a far more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released when any hydrocarbon, like natural gas, is burned. But the IPCC’s latest report, released Monday (big PDF here), reports that methane is 34 times stronger a heat-trapping gas than CO2 over a 100-year time scale, so its global-warming potential (GWP) is 34. That is a nearly 40% increase from the IPCC’s previous estimate of 25. ...The IPCC reports that, over a 20-year time frame, methane has a global warming potential of 86 compared to CO2, up from its previous estimate of 72. Given that we are approaching real, irreversible tipping points in the climate system, climate studies should, at the very least, include analyses that use this 20-year time horizon. Finally, it bears repeating that natural gas from even the best fracked wells is still a climate-destroying fossil fuel. If we are to avoid catastrophic warming, our natural gas consumption has to peak sometime in the next 10 to 15 years, according to studies by both the Center for American Progress and the Union of Concerned Scientists. https://thinkprogress.org/more-bad-news-for-fracking-ipcc-warns-methane-traps-much-more-heat-than-we-thought-9c2badf392df/ https://thinkprogress.org/more-bad-news-for-fracking-ipcc-wa... As we use more and more natural gas, we can expect more and more methane disasters like the leak from Aliso Canyon in CA which was the largest methane leak in US history. This released over 100,000 tons of methane into the atmosphere and required 11,000 residents to be evacuated. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35659947 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35659947
tjansen 5y ago
You can't compare 1/3rd of all plants being down with the volatility of wind power. On November 3, 2015, German wind power generated only 0.2 GW. Its power rating at that time was over 40 GW. How do you want to compensate for that?
- _ph_ 5y ago
  By having other power sources as well. Starting with offshore wind, then of course, solar cells. Build up more storage (both biological gas and synthetic gas, water, batteries), strengthen the European networks. The chance is very good that on windless days in Germany, there will be quite a bit of wind in France. Same with solar. A 1 GW DC line to Norway was put into operation just recently. And of course, we can keep all those gas power plants in reserve for those few days per year when nothing other is sufficient. The goal should first be, not requiring them to run on a day to day basis.
  - Seanambers 5y ago
    Yeah.. Lets base a large amount of our energy generation capacity on a resource that require a large amount of space and has a non zero chance of not producing anything, and lets back that up with excess power generation capacity which can mitigate this and does not exhibit this flaw. Windmills are f.king stupid for anything other than local production. Solar, Nuclear + Gas and grid storage seems like a way better approach. Not to mention the fact that in wintertime windmills needs to be de-iced with the same chemicals they use on airplanes in colder climates.
    - wcoenen 5y ago
      Wind turbines that need to deal with ice typically have an internal de-icing system, with electrical heaters[1]. The meme about de-icing with chemicals was spread by oil and gas consultant Luke Legate. The picture he shared was actually showing a helicopter using plain hot water to de-ice a wind turbine in 2015[2]. This is sometimes used as a backup de-icing method. [1] https://www.iqpc.com/media/1001147/37957.pdf https://www.iqpc.com/media/1001147/37957.pdf [2] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/02/18/fact-check-image-meme-wind-turbine-de-icing-sweden/6787470002/ https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2021/02/18/fac...
_-david-_ 5y ago
>There's nothing special or magic about nuclear. Except it can run at peak efficiency when it is cloudy and not windy. This is one of the biggest selling points with dirty energy.
wffurr 5y ago
Can't overbuilding also increase prices because all those plants have capital costs that have to be paid for whether they produce or not?
- xvedejas 5y ago
  The capital costs mean the plants cost more to run than they would otherwise, but this wouldn't necessarily factor into the price. There's no reason to pay more for extra energy that costs more, so adding a plant that charges even more than the market price would not be able to sell any energy: the market already provides for demand at a lower price. What might actually raise the price is plants going offline, or existing plants raising their price. These things will probably happen, but they could happen anyway regardless of whether new plants come online. To attempt an analogy, if I put up a sign that I'm selling iPhones at $6000 each, that won't actually raise the prices of iPhones. That's because customers can already get enough iPhones from Apple, even though they complain that Apple sells them for too high a price too. My offer is just never an alternative, not until Apple raises their prices much much higher (or goes out of business).
asdff 5y ago
Whenever nuclear fails you can trace it directly to poor policymaking rather than any faults with the underlying technology, unlike something like coal which is flawed from the drawing board due to pollution.
- rualca 5y ago
  > Whenever nuclear fails you can trace it directly to poor policymaking rather than any faults with the underlying technology (...) This line of argument is pointless because policymaking is not something that you can remove from the equation or even ignore the risk that it fails. It's a kin to claiming that a machine mostly fails because of human error when human interaction is mandatory and a critical part of the process.
  - asdff 5y ago
    It's not pointless. It goes to show that there are good policies undertaken by certain groups in regards to managing nuclear power (such as the U.S. navy that has operated reactors longer than anyone without much incident), and bad ones (like Chernobyl). On the other hand, for these other energy sources there are serious faults with the underlying technology that policy can't do anything about. Take a coal plant. The entire mechanics of that technology rely upon taking a block of solid carbon and converting it to a gas and expelling it into the atmosphere where it lowers air quality and increases the greenhouse gas effect. There is no way to policy your way out of that inherent fault with this underlying technology where you need to add more carbon into the air in order to produce any energy.

adrianN 5y ago

But also in terms of cost? Nuclear power plants are not exactly cheap.

pfdietz 5y ago
A NPP is an order of magnitude more expensive than a combined cycle power plant of the same power output. So even if electricity prices are high now because of gas constraints, that doesn't mean a NPP would have been a good idea. Europe should perhaps have diversified their gas suppliers, with more LNG.
- me_me_me 5y ago
  Its more expensive to build because you know... a nuclear meltdown is a thing to avoid.
  - pfdietz 5y ago
    And also because combustion turbines are a seriously nice technology. Heat exchangers are expensive. A NPP transmits heat across many fluid/solid interfaces: fuel rods to coolant, primary to second coolant heat exchanger, secondary loop to steam generators, and steam to cooling water in the condenser after the turbines. A simple cycle combustion turbine avoids all that. Even a combined cycle power plant puts much less heat through its steam bottoming cycle for a given power output.
    - pfdietz 5y ago
      Correction: I added an extra loop there. Silly -- the primary loop drives the steam generators. I may have been thinking of MSRs, which have a sterile salt loop between the steam generator and the fuel bearing salt.
      - retzkek 5y ago
        Also worth noting that Boiling Water Reactors (about half the current fleet) eliminate the steam generators and secondary loop, at the cost of increased nuclear and mechanical complexity in the reactor.

Cthulhu_ 5y ago

Building more energy-hungry datacenters that picked up any wind farm production also hasn't helped.

Scoundreller 5y ago
But need that killer low latency!

LatteLazy 5y ago

Of course, if thet had built them the price of electricity would be even higher...

legulere 5y ago

That doesn’t make sense. Building new nuclear plants is among the most expensive forms of electricity generation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_of_electricity_by_source

FartyMcFarter 5y ago
Were those comparisons made with current prices for natural gas? Probably not.
- _ph_ 5y ago
  Probably not, but the gas price is peaking for several, mostly temporal reasons. Especially if the overall gas usage drops due to more renewable electricity, the gas price will drop also. But the real competition for nuclear energy shouldn't be gas (which is expensive even in better times), but renewables. We need much more of them.
  - PeterisP 5y ago
    Winter is yet ahead, in the coming 6 months gas usage is only going to increase, so I don't think that this peak will decrease any time soon.
    - _ph_ 5y ago
      When we talk about possible new nuclear plans, we are not talking about the next months but years. Short term not much can rectify the situation other than trying to buy more gas. Ironically, the much criticized north stream 2 pipeline has just become ready to put into operation.
    - pydry 5y ago
      Prices now are largely based on projections for winter.
- pfdietz 5y ago
  Even at current NG prices in Europe, combined cycle is still probably cheaper than new nuclear.

Factorium 5y ago

What about building huge solar plants in Western Sahara and Morocco? The Moroccan Government seems pretty friendly and stable. If we then configure all our electric cars to charge during the day, and discharge from 6pm onwards, we can address a lot of the evening peak.

ben_w 5y ago
All depends on the cost and the timescale. You can do both of those things, and while neither could be built at a scale to be a complete substitute overnight, they’re probably both faster to build than modern nuclear plants. (I’d go for these and nuclear myself, but nuclear isn’t generally popular and I don’t see that changing).
vfclists 5y ago
What happens in severe storms?
- dukeyukey 5y ago
  Then you rely on turbines instead, or turn on your nuclear reactors, or import from neighbours.
MayeulC 5y ago
What about Spanish deserts for starters? Germany might get more kWh per euro invested in the panels it it was to construct them there, though of course it wouldn't be with german workers.
asdff 5y ago
You need access to millions of gallons of water a year to run a huge solar plant like Ivanpah, not to mention there probably aren't a lot of great roads for bringing in materials for heavy construction in the sahara vs the American west where in a days drive you are in the container yards at the Port of Los Angeles, so its not as easy as just plopping solar panels in the middle of the desert all over the world.
- 5y ago

dan-robertson 5y ago

French generation is ~70% nuclear (10% wind/solar) and German is ~10% (~40% wind/solar). Yet their prices track each other closely. So I think this explanation is too simplistic. Possibly there are large interconnects between the French and German grids levelling out wholesale prices, but my assumption is that they cannot carry enough power for this imagined scenario where nuclear makes a big difference.

throwaway894345 5y ago
Do these countries trade energy in the same markets? If so, that would explain it, wouldn’t it?
- dan-robertson 5y ago
  That’s the question I ask in the second paragraph. It only explains it if the interchange is sufficiently large. Another explanation could be that there is some EU mechanism to charge the same wholesale price even if there is not sufficient interchange capacity.
kindle-dev 5y ago
France is the the largest nuclear energy exporter, but it only exports about 12% of its nuclear energy, which might be enough to move the domestic price.
- AnthonyMouse 5y ago
  If that 12% is the annual average, also keep in mind that it's presumably ~25% sometimes and ~0% at other times. Now suppose the domestic production is 100 GW, the domestic consumption is 90 GW and you're not exporting anything. Compare this to when the domestic production and consumption are still the same but you're exporting 20 GW. You go from having 10 GW to spare to being 10 GW short and having to bid for it against the foreign market. And the prices aren't linear. In oversupply you could be paying barely anything. At 10% undersupply you could be paying twenty times as much if that's how much it takes to reduce demand by 10%.
5y ago

lbriner 5y ago

They are also enormously expensive to construct and don't scale down. You can build a single wind turbine for what, $100K? Even a basic nuclear power plant is now around $50B, which is a large chunk of change to take away from taxpayers leaving even less money to research more renewable/sustainable alternatives. I do think that a better policy decision over the past 30 years would be to be more strict on building regulations to ensure good levels of insulation at construction time, which is much cheaper than retro-fitting. Also making sure it is done properly, I've seen plenty of builds where a few sections of insulation are missing because the builder ran out and no-one really checked.

shakow 5y ago
> You can build a single wind turbine for what, $100K? Even a basic nuclear power plant is now around $50B A modern wind turbine will typically feature a 20 years lifetime and cost a few million dollars to produce a handful of MWs. On the other hand, we see nuclear power plants happily going over 50 years of service while producing power in the magnitude of a few GWs -- and they do not cost $50B to build, but somewhere in the ballpark of a few $B. Taking the very very rough estimate of twice 1000 wind turbines vs. one nuclear power plant to produce a few GWs over half a century, we arrive at $2B for the wind turbines vs. e.g. $5B for the nuclear plants. Of course, this does not take into account the fact that the wind turbines must be supported by another power source for when there is no wind, that maintaining a nuclear plant is much more expensive than maintaining wind turbines, that 1000 WT require manifold more ground space than a NPP, etc.; but we are still very far away from $100K vs. $50B. And that is also without taking into account the commonly cited load factors of 0.25-0.4 for WTs vs. 0.85-0.95 for NPPs, which would require building at least twice as many WTs in locations complementary w.r.t. exposition to winds to be palliated. Windmills can be very nifty ancillary power sources, but they do not hold a candle to NPPs in the context of a(n) (inter)national power grid.
- Retric 5y ago
  Nuclear is just as bad in terms of following demand the capacity factor is at best 90% but involves weeks of downtime for refueling etc. Worse the economics only work out when production is kept close to 100% when available limiting adoption in a wider electric grid. France dealt with sub 70% capacity factors even with massive exports that’s roughly a 0.9/0.7 = 30% price hike per kWh. You can use batteries to level our wind but you really need multiple nuclear power plants operating in concert which gets you back into the 10’s of billion dollar range for dependable nuclear power. However, even that few billion dollars is still massively excessive for a small island. The European grid is large enough that the unit cost isn’t a big deal, but the minimal scale of nuclear still results in various inefficiencies from transmission losses etc. A much larger problem is simply the cost per GWh, building nuclear today means estimating it’s still going to be cost competitive in 40 years which really doesn’t seem to be the case. Even back in 2000 people where looking at various long term estimates and the required subsidies to make Nuclear cost competitive didn’t seem worth it.

lopis 5y ago

Nuclear is not as clean as people try to green wash it out to be, nor is it ethical. https://meta.eeb.org/2017/10/18/french-state-owned-company-creates-ecocide-in-niger-to-fuel-its-nuclear-plants/ https://meta.eeb.org/2017/10/18/french-state-owned-company-c...

Manuel_D 5y ago
The face that merely "thousands" of people are impacted by France's uranium mining isn't testament to a large ecological impact, but the opposite: Nuclear's ecological impact is far less than renewables. Hydroelectricity - by far the largest renewable energy source, more than wind and solar combined - has displaced hundreds of thousands of people. The Three Gorges Dam alone displaced 140,000 people [1]. Lithium and cobalt extraction will need to increase by orders of magnitude to provide the necessary storage for intermittent renewables. The immense energy density of nuclear fuel means far less of it needs to be extracted to provide energy. 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam#Environmental_impact https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam#Environmental...

bsd44 5y ago

Sure nuclear is all good until something goes wrong and you need 30k years to inhabit the area again, but that can't ever happen...oh wait. You need to weigh cons as much as pros.

giantg2 5y ago
We also need to be using up to date data about reactor designs that are safer rather than the older and more dangerous ones (eg FAST, slow wave).
- tomtheelder 5y ago
  Although I'm generally pro more nuclear, this argument isn't massively compelling to me. The failed reactors of the past were considered safe when they were built.
  - p_l 5y ago
    The two large scale events involved a) known problematic design with a lot bad process (Chernobyl, the RBMK, and especially the condition into which the overall system was put before start of the event, would have failed a safety inspection under then-current Soviet rules) b) a plant where owners ignored multiple reports about dangers of tsunami capable of overcoming the defenses, and ultimately failed to contain due to loss of power to run the pumps (especially since all reactors scammed in the area). Again, failing requirements to keep running safely.
    - goguy 5y ago
      That's the problem though isn't it. Reliance on humans.
      - giantg2 5y ago
        Which is not a problem in designs that incorporate passive safety (FAST, slow wave).

mistrial9 5y ago

look up "Negawatts"

wazoox 5y ago

Exactly. Rosatom trolled EU on twitter: "So apparently you cannot build your entire electricity system on weather-dependent energy sources. Who would have thought?" https://twitter.com/RosatomGlobal/status/1438395621648572418 https://twitter.com/RosatomGlobal/status/1438395621648572418

pydry 5y ago
Lots of people blaming the shockingly high gas prices on the wind not blowing these days it seems.
- sudosysgen 5y ago
  That... Does make sense? Weather issues -> increased demand -> gas consimption increases