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Chinese may take over Mombasa port: Ouko
- oliv__ 8y agoGoogle cache version: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3CnkxGOB4bsJ:https://www.africanstand.com/news/africa/east-africa/china-to-take-over-kenyas-main-port-over-unpaid-huge-chinese-loan/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=fr https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3CnkxG...
- chapium 8y agoHere is another article as well: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nation.co.ke/news/Chinese-may-take-Mombasa-Port--Ouko/1056-4902162-view-asAMP-4jem8jz/index.html https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nation.co.ke/news/Chinese-m...
- dang 8y agoSince that article seems both more informative and more neutral (for example, it says "China may" while the other article says "China to"), we switched to it from https://www.africanstand.com/news/africa/east-africa/china-to-take-over-kenyas-main-port-over-unpaid-huge-chinese-loan/ https://www.africanstand.com/news/africa/east-africa/china-t.... Also, this one is still up and that one isn't. Thanks!
- inthegreenwoods 8y agoThe link led me directly to a fake flash upgrade which attempted to load malware.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- chapium 8y agocheers
- api 8y agoNews is interesting but site is awful. It's slow and I got an ad with an obvious malware popup. Blech.
- melling 8y agoThere were several stories a few months ago about how China’s Silk Road projects were being given to countries they couldn’t pay them back. I guess it’s true. Look for more of this.
- LaundroMat 8y agoYes, the Malaysian railway is such a project. http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/malaysia-admits-its-too-late-cancel-chinas-14bn-ea/ http://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/malaysia-admits...
- pp19dd 8y agoAlso, Montenegro's ONLY highway. They went into it despite experts knowing full well that the country couldn't afford one. "Doubts about the highway surfaced after two feasibility studies, conducted in 2006 and 2012, showed it was not economically viable." https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-europe-montenegro-insi/chinese-highway-to-nowhere-haunts-montenegro-idUSKBN1K60QX https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-europe-mon...
- moltar 8y agoI can’t imagine building a highway on that terrain. I drove thru a lot of Montenegro and I haven’t seen any flatlands.
- supergirl 8y ago
- MrBuddyCasino 8y agoSo this is Economic Hitmen 2.0. China watched and learned from what the US did in South America.
- wpietri 8y agoFunny to see Communist China end up as unforgiving landlords given the history: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_killings_of_landlords_under_Mao_Zedong https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_killings_of_landlords_und... (And by funny I mean horrific and depressing, of course.)
- forgotAgain 8y agoThe U.S. had nothing to do with this. The gratuitous swipe serves no useful purpose.
- Cyph0n 8y agoWay to be overly defensive, mate. Read the comment again: it never mentioned that the US had something to do with this Chinese takeover.
- FruityFarm 8y agoLearned from the best.
- finleymedia 8y ago"The New Confessions of an Economic Hit Man" talks about China moving into the loans and takeover market, following in the footsteps of the United States.
- nova22033 8y agoSri Lanka : https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lank... Ecuador: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-china-dam.html https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/24/world/americas/ecuador-ch... Montenegro : https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-europe-montenegro-insi/chinese-highway-to-nowhere-haunts-montenegro-idUSKBN1K60QX https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-europe-mon... Pakistan: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-silkroad-railway-insight/fearing-debt-trap-pakistan-rethinks-chinese-silk-road-projects-idUSKCN1MA028 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-silkroad-railway... and now Kenya
- awakeasleep 8y agoCould the USA or an european nation offer to pay the loan in exchange for taking over the port? Itd be cool to swoop in on this deal.
- mc32 8y agoRussia swooped in to help Venezuela it’s possible there’s an oligarch out there who might be interested. Suppose it depends on the leverage they could get from their state.
- tefferon 8y agoimagine mr. bezos with port authority
- BigChiefSmokem 8y agoGlobalism is not very popular in the West right now.
- toomuchtodo 8y agoTaking vindictive actions against authoritarian regimes never goes out of style.
- curiousgal 8y agoAh, of course, the U.S. is the leader of standing up for the little guy. The entire West has taken advantage out of African nations but God forbid someone else tries to do that now.
- toomuchtodo 8y ago> The entire West has taken advantage out of African nations but God forbid someone else tries to do that now. As an American citizen, yes. We're not perfect by any means, but we're no authoritarian regime such that China has.
- imustbeevil 8y agoIf I think "why would China go to Africa instead of poor areas of China?" my first thought is "what they're doing in Africa doesn't help Africa".
- crimsonalucard 8y agoEh. Who knows. More economic activity usually helps. It's how the people react to it, it's very behavioral. I'll say that for asians usually if they do the same thing in Asia it has positive consequences.
- onlyrealcuzzo 8y agoHonestly, it's probably because this port has a higher projected ROI than some poor area of China.
- barry-cotter 8y agoYou radically overestimate the competence of the Chinese government. The BRI is a white elephant, a foreign policy initiative with Xi’s imprimatur. It’s more important to be doing BRI things than that they make money.
- TomMarius 8y agoYour first thought has no explanation in it. Maybe they simply have a growing middle class and thus soon their economic activities in the west (that we gladly consume) would become hindered by their own growth, so they're looking for their equivalent of what China was to the west in the 90's and 00's and their own regions are not viable for that, just like manufacturing in rural USA didn't work for the west. If that's wrong, how can you live with yourself? Or is it wrong simply because this time it's China doing it? Isn't that hypocritical? Edit: I would appreciete if people stopped downvoting for asking a question. That's not how you discuss.
- pcr0 8y agoTo gain access to natural resources outside China.
- deleted 8y ago
- kevmo 8y agoForcing/enticing people to incur debts they can't pay off is a time-honored colonialist tactic for gaining control of land.
- hkt 8y agoYes. Belt and road is imperialism, no doubt. We (Europeans) did the same to Africa before.
- hannasanarion 8y agoAnd it was condemnable then too.
- cauldron 8y agoI'd say it's worth it for Kenya, these are huge money-losing projects anyway,
- bawana 8y agoChina has two major projects to dam up the white nile and the blue nile upstream from Egypt and Sudan (who curreently use 90% of the Nile water) Ethiopia, and Kenya will take control of the Nile and the two countries that currently consume 90% of the Nile water will be starved into submission by their Chinese landlords through taxes and fees over water. China needs a port for their Navy so they can 'protect' their 'investment'. There are many Chinese projects ongoing in Africa and there are whole towns that look like they were imported from China.The concept of 'lebensraum' and the hunger for growth among the powerful continues to disrespect geographical boundaries that gave rise to the magnificent diversity on this planet. The only loss that I mourn is the set of unique cultures and heritage of the many people inn Africa. The great homogenizer (capitalism, growth,etc) will obliterate the diversity on that continent. OTOH, maybe the hybrid vigor of Afro-Chinese offspring will give rise to a new more robust strain of humanity.
- curiousgal 8y ago> disrespect geographical boundaries that gave rise to the magnificent diversity on this planet. You mean boundaries set by colonialism? > The only loss that I mourn is the set of unique cultures and heritage of the many people inn Africa. Again, what about the ones destroyed by decades of European colonialism? Many African countries speak French and English, ever morned the loss of their old tongues?
- cauldron 8y ago>China needs a port for their Navy China already has a naval base in Djibouti near the American one. And it's not like if China want to use the port to park their military vessels, Kenya somehow would refuse them. I mean China literally operates their vital railway and terminals. As for their culture, I'm afraid it's already done. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/africa/ethiopia-government-surveillance.html https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/05/world/africa/ethiopia-gov...
- chanux 8y agoThe issue is a bit close to heart as a Sri Lankan. Here's an article which discusses the situation of LK and who else is in risk of a debt trap https://qz.com/1317234/chinas-debt-trap-in-sri-lanka-is-even-worse-than-we-thought/ https://qz.com/1317234/chinas-debt-trap-in-sri-lanka-is-even...
- niyikiza 8y agoThe Sri Lanka case is the only credible case of "infrastructure seized by China because of insolvency"...but the media has used it to spread lots of fake stories about "China taking over Africa".
- tim333 8y agoGlancing at the Wikipedia article the port wasn't exactly seized due to insolvency. There was a debt for equity swap on 70% of the port and then China agreed to pay $1.4bn for a 99 year lease on the port and some surrounding land.
- hkt 8y agoImperialism by any other name.
- chapium 8y agoI have little sympathy other than for the people of Mombasa and Kenya who want autonomy over this port and have no say in these deals. The damage done here appears to be self inflicted.
- yes_man 8y agoReminded me of this: https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/addis-ababa-china-construction-style/index.html https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/addis-ababa-china-cons...
- speeq 8y agoJust like in Sri Lanka then: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lank...
- paraditedc 8y agoOkay that's enough China bashing threads. On the positive side, China has in the past waived some debts of African countries, which don't get to top of HN. https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-xi-pledges-60-billion-toward-africas-development-waives-some-debt-1535985008 https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinas-xi-pledges-60-billion-to...
- acct1771 8y agoWhat'd they get out of it? These actions don't exist in a bubble, neither do those.
- mb_72 8y agoWell... https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-16/are-china-cheap-loans-to-poor-nations-a-debt-trap/10493286 https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-16/are-china-cheap-loans... ... not sure what 'bashing' you are talking about. This 'debt-trap diplomacy' is a real concern here in Australia.
- paraditedc 8y agoYour article talks about the same issue as the one being discussed here. And my comment is to shed light onto this issue from the other side (debt issuer). Anything wrong with that?
- maypeacepreva1l 8y agoAs with any sales there could be that factor of China trying to sell more of their product/services(just like US does to sell weapons in various nations) but I find it strange that people are trying to politicize it being debt trap and trying to garner sympathy towards the defaulter than towards the victim who didn't get paid.
- SuperNinKenDo 8y agoIt's because it's very clear that China's intent with such loans is to create a casus belli for such seizures or create complete economic reliance. Nobody is going to sympathise with a predatory loanshark when they don't get paid and use it as an excuse to grab what they really wanted all along.
- paraditedc 8y ago> It's because it's very clear that China's intent with such loans is to create a casus belli for such seizures or create complete economic reliance. Do you have actual evidence that this was the intention?
- SuperNinKenDo 8y agoLet me know what evidence a 50 center would accept. Everyone else is convinced, so it's only you I would be working to sway.
- paraditedc 8y ago1. I don't appreciate being called 50 center. 2. Any evidence will do, as long as it comes from a reputable source. You get to decide what constitutes a "reputable source".
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- onetimemanytime 8y ago
- niyikiza 8y agoI see these stories popping up every now and then usually from debatable sources and people continue to believe them because they fit "the suspected plot" even when concerned parties deny them. I hate to sound like that conspiracy guy but could it just be that some people are not happy with China getting into partnerships with African countries? Edit: typo
- acct1771 8y agoConspiracy theory
- qrybam 8y agoAn acquaintance travels around Africa relatively frequently and his observations seem to be in line with the OP article sentiment. From China’s perspective it makes a lot of sense to buy up Africa, it’s a resource rich continent and was essentially given up by the west.
- niyikiza 8y agoI grew up in Africa myself. And yes, China is getting more involved in more projects than it used to but it's only because their terms are more favorable than our darling western powers'. African countries are not some teenager girl who is being duped into doing something they don't see themselves.
- vixen99 8y agoYour inappropriate metaphor; no one else's.
- kadendogthing 8y agoIt's entirely appropriate. HN should fix its attitude on this issue.
- ptero 8y agoI know nothing about it, but comments to that article (in Google Cache) seems to view the article as alarmist: for example, say that the grace period is until 2023, so we are talking years, not weeks before something happens. No idea if it is true or not, more info/references would be great. Can someone give more insight?
- niyikiza 8y agoI'm an African myself, but while Chinese model is different from the aid model we are familiar with, it's helping solve so many problems that we had no alternatives for. China is willing to come in with loans without political strings attached. Yes, there are collaterals but Africa has its own negotiators too, and we know the deal we get is much better than any other country or institution would be willing to give.
- DanielBMarkham 8y agoI truly wish you guys the best. I'm all for any kind of new approach to economic development. I would caution your use of "without political strings attached" Trust me, anything at that scale? It has political strings attached. What concerns me -- and why I commented -- is the perception that there isn't. Large groups of people working together always do things for political reasons. Not altruism, morals, or some other attribute an individual might have. Large groups of people working together are not just some huge version of a person. I don't know the details here, and I think even if I did a lot of it is going to have to shake out over the next few years anyway. Best of luck! I sure hope this doesn't end up screwing over folks in Africa yet again under the guise (and perhaps honest mission) of helping them. By the way, the same goes for folks who oppose such efforts. Groups like spinning things as if they are all of one mind, but these are complex decisions with many groups and levels of politics to consider, not good guys versus bad guys. That kind of stuff is just the pablum they sell to the folks back home.
- NicoJuicy 8y agoNo political strings attached? You mean, they just takeover and don't need political strings? They benefit far more, their own workers do 80% of the work and nothing is helping the local economy. The loans also have to be paid back to China ( because they lend the money). This is a very good way to create growth on the shoulder of others.
- lordnacho 8y agoBefore we throw about the term "Imperialism", let's remember what kinds of things the European powers did that are rightly considered part of it: - Violently forcing "trade" to happen, often under an "East India Company". You can have cannon balls or opium. - Forcing the local administration to learn the language and legal system of the imperial power. Why do they speak English in Kenya? - Suppressing local rule. How many people had to die in independence wars? - Moving people around who didn't want to be moved. Plantation Rum anybody? To compare current China with something like the British Empire is not very reasonable.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- wafflesraccoon 8y agoThis just feels like whataboutism, no one denies that the European imperialism was bad.
- lordnacho 8y agoIt is definitely not whataboutism. Here's a definition for you. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whataboutism I'm not creating a false moral equivalence between European Imperialism and China, I'm refuting it.
- mynameisvlad 8y ago> Before we throw about the term "Imperialism", let's remember what kinds of things the European powers did You imply a relationship between the two throughout the rest of your comment, starting from the first sentence. Just because you make the refutation in the last sentence does not suddenly wave away the whataboutism you employ through the rest of your comment; directly comparing the two.
- lordnacho 8y agoWhataboutism is basically this: A: X is bad, B does that. B is bad. B: Y is bad too, and A does that. You're just as bad as me. What I said was: Imperialism is A, B, C, D. China doesn't do any of those, so let's not call them imperialist. Now you can argue about what imperialism is, but you can't argue that I'm making a different kind of argument to whataboutism.
- mtw 8y agoThe title is false; nowhere in the article says that Kenya is unable to pay loan payments. It merely states that there's a contract clause that says China might take over Mombasa port if payments are not due. Kenya is not Sri Lanka, it's a wealthier country. They will find a way to pay back the payment. What can be discussed is if it was the right decision to build a high speed train. A much better decision would be to stick upgrading the road network.
- statictype 8y ago>Kenya is not Sri Lanka, it's a wealthier country. Is it? Measured by GDP, they are lower than Sri Lanka. What metric are you using?
- thedudeabides5 8y agoWorld Bank puts Sri Lankan GDP ~$87bn USD to Kenya ~$75bn, per capita the gap is wider, Sri Lanka ~$4,000 to Kenya's $1,500
- dang 8y ago(The title and link above have since been changed, as explained at https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18763692. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18763692.)
- c13u 8y agoAdding more breadth to AfricanStand It's still controversial. KBC (state media) has an article[1] disproving the claim. The Standard (one of 2 major local news) has an article[2] exploring alleged papers from the Attorney General's Office that specify Kenya's port income as collateral. The papers were exposed by John Githongo[3], a politician who has tendencies of uncovering government misdeeds. He was in exile a while back... [1] http://www.kbc.co.ke/chinese-govt-dismisses-report-of-mombasa-port-being-collateral/ http://www.kbc.co.ke/chinese-govt-dismisses-report-of-mombas... [2] https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001306837/does-kenya-risk-losing-port-to-china https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001306837/does-keny... [3] https://twitter.com/johngithongo/status/1075187915875971072 https://twitter.com/johngithongo/status/1075187915875971072
- stevespang 8y agoIt's a dead link
- kolikotime 8y agoWest African American here (Ghanaian - American). This article actually isn't true, while the Kenyan Chinese pact that led to the construction of the Nairobi - Mombasa Port does have clauses related to penalties around lack of payment, there has been no actual announcement or any signs of China declaring possession of the Mombasa Port. In fact, the big issue in Mombasa right now is actually revolving around a Kenyan state company taking over one of the terminals, a situation that doesn't delight the workers due to the late payment periods of said state company. Speaking furthermore, I do find it highly concerning just how much of an echo chamber this place is in regards to this notion of "Chinese colonialism" and Chinese "debt - traps". Most African countries still owe far more to the IMF/World Bank than they due to China. Of the 54 African countries, only four are in severe debt to the Chinese (Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti, Zambia), and of those four countries China has gone the distance in terms of reviving moribund national rail systems and helping to set up industrial zones, which is in part why East Africa boasts the highest growth rates on the continent. Africa is a vast continent with booming populations. They're also counties with deeply huge infrastructure needs. Ghana alone while one of the richer African countries is in desperate need of new roads, power plants (blackout issues), hospitals (we recently passed a universal healthcare law), and education(we recently launched universal free senior high school education). The funding to launch these countries into elevated statehood isn't going to come from the West. The city Of New York's pension fund isn't going to be investing likely in the KSE (Kenyan Stock Exchange). So are there issues with Chinese engagement? Yes. Will some countries make a botch of it? Yes. But are other countries seizing the opportunity and using it to drive a higher standard of life? Yes. But in my opinion it is a far better arrangement than the European sponsored neocolonialism of the past. France in particular still operates a monetary zone that operates in 14 African countries in its former colonial obit, and we cannot forget the provocations against the Gaddafi regime earlier this decade which resulted in accelerating a migrant rush towards Western Europe. The Chinese stay out of African politics. and in historical terms have largely not interfered in the political processes of countries not in their "near abroad" to borrow a Russian political term. Anyway those are my thoughts from someone who is African and has actually been to various countries in Africa.
- lumberjack 8y ago>Speaking furthermore, I do find it highly concerning just how much of an echo chamber this place is in regards to this notion of "Chinese colonialism" and Chinese "debt - traps". Western media should not be trusted to report accurately about foreign non-western countries. They almost never do.
- NicoJuicy 8y agoColonisation has begun, all in the excuse of "one road, one belt"
- ryanqian 8y agoDoes this fake news?
- based2 8y agohttps://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lank...
- talltimtom 8y agoThe first shots of the next world way where fired decades ago. Nobody saw them light up the sky, for they where delivered by paper. No one read the news, for the catualtiea would not fall until several decades later.
- ac130kz 8y agoJust remember that China basically gifted a 100M$ bridge to the Maldives. Now imagine the global scale of Chinese investments.
- xiii1408 8y agoMods should, at the very least, change the title, since it is very misleading. There is language in the deal that would give China control over the port if Kenya was unable to pay back the loan. While concerning, this is very different from that actually happening.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- KaoruAoiShiho 8y agoHow does this happen, a website, literally created on 5 months ago, probably just for this article, hits the HN front page. If you google africastand it asks "do you mean africasand". OP how did you come across this article? Edit: my bad made a typo. Ignore the google part. But the post still stands.
- thegeomaster 8y agoIt's "africanstand", not "africastand". When you google that, the website shows up.
- KeepTalking 8y agoTo take over Mombasa port is the equivalent of a strategic takeout/takeover of a number of East African countries. Mombasa port and its adjoining highway connects Uganda, South Sudan, Rwanda, and Burundi. 100% of East Africa's export cash crop produce (Coffee, Tea) flows through the port which translates to significant revenues and GDP. I really hope that African para-state agencies (African Dev Bank) steps in and provides monetary assistance to Kenya. Times like this make me wish that the EA community takes off and together these tiny countries are able to better band together and pony up.
- late2part 8y agoFor those interested in the more nefarious paths these situations could take, you might read _Confessions of an Economic Hitman_. This books talks about how nation states and corporations can work together to create situations for global influence. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Economic_Hit_Man https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessions_of_an_Economic_H...
- mondo9000 8y agoAlso a port in Israel surprisingly enough https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/US-Navy-may-stop-docking-in-Haifa-after-Chinese-take-over-port-574414 https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/US-Navy-may-stop-docking-i...
- forapurpose 8y agoThe amount of propaganda is damaging my experience here. Not unlike Facebook and other platforms, HN seems to resist discussing how its platform is being abused and how it damages user experience; users are forbidden from discussing it publicly (in fact, I hope this comment is on the ok side of the guidelines, as I'm not accusing anyone in particular). I'm confident that HN works on the issue, so perhaps my difficulty is with a lack of transparency (again, similar to Facebook) - we have no idea what is being done; we're in the dark. We can't trust that the content we see is in good faith; it's a constant frustration and struggle to read, and most of my time is spent on noise. Propaganda is the worst content; it's noise to the signal and it's worse than noise because it manipulates HN users; we also now know, if it wasn't clear before, that it's a danger to free, democratic society - which is not something abstract, but something that happens right here on HN. The pattern I see, so often that it's predictable and a source of frustration: 1. It's easy to stay beneath the moderators' radar by sounding 'reasonable' (in fact, on other topics, that's an explicitly taught strategy to white supremacists [0], it's a well-established technique of propaganda going back decades if not centuries, and I expect that professional astroturfers in any domain have the same skills); 2. the astroturfers almost always appear; I expected to see many pro-China comments appear here, including from purported Kenyans / East Africans (I certainly wouldn't say all are propaganda, but the pattern over many discussions seems clear enough that it's predictable); 3. on issues about which few HN users have knowledge or expertise, such as this one, there aren't even many people who can rebut the astroturfers; it's one-sided. EDIT: Major revisions; apologies to anyone who read an earlier draft. [0] ... he presented himself as polite, articulate and interested in cultural politics, and though his views are abhorrent, he stated them all so laconically you might forget that he actually believes in the concept of a white ethnostate. And that’s the point: The genius of the new far right, if we could call it “genius,” has been their steadfast determination to blend into the larger fabric of society to such an extent that perhaps the only way you might see them as a problem is if you actually want to see them at all. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/03/magazine/FBI-charlottesville-white-nationalism-far-right.html https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/03/magazine/FBI-charlottesvi...
- kolikotime 8y agoThis seems as if its pointed at me. I will say that I find it sad that modern discourse has reached such a sad state that we suspect everyone who has a nonconformist opinion of being a bot/robot/astroturfer. All I will say is that I am no lover of China. Chinese civilization, like Western civilization has exhibited anti-black tendencies and attitudes. The Chinese are great lovers of African markets, but not African people. I do encourage you though to try to understand the African perspective on this issue, as well as other related issues that you may not generally understand before you try to characterize it as propaganda. Modern Africa is in a state of flux and deeply in need of infrastructure. There are many who say there are heavy costs to Chinese built infrastructure in Africa, Those same analysts will not reflect on the severe costs currently to Africa of its lack of infrastructures. The absence of intra-regional rail, highways, of connected electricity grids, of pipes and pipelines. If the West is truly concerned about African welfare, they can always step to the fore with their own expansive infrastructure agenda, but they largely won't, and we all know the reason why.
- inthegreenwoods 8y agothe link to african stand tried to load a fake flash update.
- inthegreenwoods 8y agoThis story appears to be clickbait. The link attempted to load a fake flash update.
- inthegreenwoods 8y agoThe link led me directly to a fake flash upgrade which attempted to load malware.