7 ms·

A joke domain purchase turned in geopolitical warfare

1035 points by kareiva 2mo ago

martianvoid 2mo ago
Slightly unrelated but I have no idea how wind speed predictions are made up high in the altitudes, is it just interpolation of data that are get from various radiosonoids across various timestamps and finding a regular or seasonal pattern?
- jxf 2mo ago
  As I understand it, it's a combination of things: aircraft reports, atmospheric motion vectors (e.g. a cloud doesn't have any propulsion, so if a cloud moves 30 km in an hour, you have learned something about the wind), Doppler wind lidar, and satellite measurements. The numerical predictions of weather models often have many vertical components as well, so solving it for ground level also requires extending the forecast to the air, depending on the model.
  - lgeorget 2mo ago
    To predict anything on the ground, you have to predict air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction etc. for the entire troposphere. The output of the models in altitude are as relevant to the meteorologists as the output on the ground for manual expert analysis.
- wood_spirit 2mo ago
  Generally at altitude the wind goes from west to east. During the Cold War the US would launch spy balloons to overfly Russia whilst the wind was blowing against the Russians reciprocating. This is generally true in the current Ukraine war too. Some interesting links: https://www.hisutton.com/US-Navy-CIA-Submarine-Launched-Spy-Balloons.html https://www.hisutton.com/US-Navy-CIA-Submarine-Launched-Spy-... https://www.hisutton.com/Chinese-Navy-High-Altitude-Spy-Balloons.html https://www.hisutton.com/Chinese-Navy-High-Altitude-Spy-Ball... https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iD6XaaO9bEo https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iD6XaaO9bEo
- buildsjets 2mo ago
  Not just wind speed, but all kinds of weather data can be extracted from radiosonde recordings. The data output is called a Skew-T Log-P graph. Some examples of how to interpret them at https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/convective_parameters/skewt/skewtinfo.html https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/convect... There are of course several different global weather models that predict the behavior of the atmosphere, and it is a lot more complicated than just interpolating past data. But they all do rely on radiosonde data for daily calibration of actual atmospheric conditions.
deleted 2mo ago
[deleted]
iamnothere 2mo ago
The part where he gets contacted over the hit-and-run reads like the curl guy’s experience with people investigating “hacking”. I wonder how often this happens outside of software? Do fence manufacturers get emails asking to identify the culprit when someone crashes through a fence?
- BowBun 2mo ago
  I feel like it's a "cast a wide net" type of strategy. Doesn't really hurt to ask and there _could_ be the tiniest hint that could lead to something. Maybe?
  - genghisjahn 2mo ago
    In my first law class the prof said, "When it doubt, sue everybody."
  - digitalmonstars 2mo ago
    Specially when the goal may not even be to find and demand anything from a culprit, but simply to prove there was a culprit. Insurance. This is about insurance. See, in my country, you could not use a car's dashcam recording as evidence in a small claims court. But I could 100% use it with insurance. They don't abide by the same rules of what counts as evidence.
- ikidd 2mo ago
  Actually, it wasn't unreasonable. If the guy caused the damage while picking up a sonde, to know who's sonde it was would help identify the culprit.
  - iamnothere 2mo ago
    Fair, I guess, I just can’t imagine what it’s like getting all these weird requests and demands for a hobby project. Hopefully the author is more entertained than I would be.
    - 2mo ago
mschuster91 2mo ago
> Meanwhile (and you might have noticed me asking for AWS help on fedi) we contacted AWS as the source IP was from an AWS network. It was very important however to make sure the AWS support did not shutdown access. I'm legitimately impressed that whoever got that ticket on AWS side actually followed through and was able to divert from their script...
- unregistereddev 2mo ago
  Ditto. My experience with AWS support has been generally disappointing.
  - sellmesoap 2mo ago
    You just have to project life and death into your request and bobs your uncle!
- frenchtoast8 2mo ago
  When AWS suspects malicious usage in my experience they usually ask before shutting you down. The company I work at got one of these emails from AWS. We had a bug which caused us to hit a 3rd party API much more than we should have, and the service provider reported us to AWS for attempted DDoS. AWS just asked us to give our side of the story. I'm sure that being a large (but not enterprise) customer gives us some leeway, but I've also heard similar things from hobbyists. There are exceptions if you are a fairly new account, or if you operate in certain low reputation regions. Specifically I have heard regions in Africa tend to get the "shoot first ask questions later" treatment from AWS Support. However, all of this was before 2026 (when AWS Support seems to have 100% turned over to AI). For all I know their actions might look completely different now.
  - jamesfinlayson 2mo ago
    I think I still get a human (working for big enterprise company) but it's almost guaranteed that the first response will be useless.
  - 1mo ago
hnub7akvk6 2mo ago
[flagged]
m-i-l 2mo ago
In the UK a few decades ago, if you found a radiosonde from a weather balloon, it would have instructions on how to claim a recovery fee if you returned it for reuse. Sadly I never found one, but I knew this because my dad was a geophysicist and we lived at the time on a Scottish island which was one of the UK's launch spots. Looks like the recovery fee was stopped a long time ago, when the devices became cheap enough to be effectively disposable.
- m463 2mo ago
  reminds me of keys/badges with "drop in any mailbox" instructions that recover them.
  - aleksejs 2mo ago
    This is an official USPS service available to anyone willing to attach their address and "a statement guaranteeing payment of postage due on delivery" to their keys! Which is neat but kind of awkward if that's also the address of the door the keys open. (per section 1.6 of USPS DMM 133 at https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/133.htm https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/133.htm)
    - m463 2mo ago
      no media mail rates. Will have to return that overdue book to the library in person.
theturtle 2mo ago
[dead]
NVHacker 2mo ago
Geopolitical warfare can be triggered by much less than that: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S
- rf15 2mo ago
  This is fiction...
  - NVHacker 1mo ago
    I did not say otherwise. I also said "it can", not "it has". This is humor...
doodlebugging 2mo ago
I was one of the data points in that spike related to the Chinese balloon incident though that is not the first time I used sondehub. A couple years before that incident I found the site while trying to help someone understand what they were seeing in the sky near where they live. An old dopehead, friend-of-a-friend was paranoid that they were being surveilled by aliens in UFOs, something they could assure you had been happening since the 1970's. Not coincidentally I'm sure, that's when they were a young dopehead. While outwardly funny to most of us, it was a serious issue for them. To help them understand all the shiny things in the sky at night I assembled a list of tools that could help them rule out various terrestrial sources for the shiny things. Stellaris or Celestia could help them identify stars and constellations, even showing them what the sky should look like at their exact location so they could compare in real time. They could also use their digital camera (after instructions on how to take low light photos that show stars) to take photos and later compare those photos to stars and planets that would've been visible when the photo was taken. I pointed them at Flightradar24 and FlightAware for air traffic and recommended they get a license instead of the free version so they could track more things better. They weren't close to an active military base but using either or both of those could help rule out military air traffic when the pilots were flying and broadcasting ADS-B. Since many UFOs in the historical record were blamed on weather balloons I looked around for a way to find weather balloons visible in your area and that is when I found sondehub. The ability to see the balloon track was especially useful since I explained how objects at high altitudes could be visible even if they are hundreds of miles distant when you have a clear line of sight so the balloon doesn't need to be between them and the horizon. It only needed to be visible above the horizon and using the tools they could rule out quite a few things. Around the same time people were posting great photos of sprites associated with powerful thunderstorms well over the horizon so this helped them understand that shiny things in the sky are not necessarily close to them. I also used HeavensAbove to help them track known satellites and the ISS. Having them see the ISS cross the sky at their location a little after dark helped them understand why a bright light crossing the sky can quickly disappear once the concept of the earth's shadow was clear. It was nice and bright while sunlit and winked out as soon as it passed into shadow. I gave them links to astronomy sites so they could know when to expect meteor showers and other celestial phenomena. All in all, they got a nice collection of tools, freely available, that they could use to understand why there were sparkly, shiny things in their sky. I haven't yet had confirmation that any of those sparkly, shiny things could not be explained using those tools. Thanks for this link.
xur17 2mo ago
It's fun to see habhub in an article. ~10 years ago a group of friends and I launched 2 weather balloons for fun with a GPS logger, APRS transmitter, and a few sensors, and then retrieved it afterwards. I have a bunch of memorable experiences from it, including: 1. Under inflating the first balloon because our helium provider was closed, and instead buying lower pressure "party" balloon containers (and not realizing until too late that lower pressure meant more helium left in the containers) 2. Chasing down the balloon at night and trying to explain why you wanted to walk onto some guys field to check for a weather balloon 3. Later calling a gas station to ask if "some guy just arrived with a weather balloon in their truck" when trying to track down the balloon If anyone has kids and wants a fun project, I highly recommend it. There are a few companies online that sell kits, and it's neat to watch the different layers of the atmosphere (temperature and wind), and try to "chase" after the balloon and find it afterwards.
- Aurornis 2mo ago
  Were you able to find the balloon? Your last point has me wondering what happened. Did someone else get to it first?
  - xur17 2mo ago
    Yup. We were able to find it both times. First time it "floated" and traveled further than we expected (at one point habhub predicted it to land in Africa). This is the one we called a gas station about, and we did end up getting it back. Second time was cleaner, and we drove up someone's driveway, and asked if we could retrieve it.
    - dylan604 2mo ago
      We had to move our launch site from where we originally wanted as 3 out of 3 predictions showed our landing site to be on an Air Force base. While I was willing to climb a barbed wire fence way out in the middle of nowhere, a fence around a base was not something I could see myself doing. I also didn't want to end up in a news story for causing military alerts. It was surprising just how far we had to go outside of the city to have it land in a spot that we'd be able to retrieve it.
quietsegfault 2mo ago
Interacting with the public is the most exciting yet frightening aspect of any public project.
- Loughla 2mo ago
  There are always flashes of brilliance but it's hard to see them when wading through the vitriol.
aghuang 2mo ago
This really escalated amusingly. Some things just write themselves.
voxleone 2mo ago
The author’s concern about keeping the infrastructure decentralized is pretty understandable, not just from a censorship/open-data perspective, but also from a security perspective: you don't want one server, or one person, to become an obvious target.
- webdoodle 2mo ago
  2 is 1, one is none. I hope they do regular backups too.
- moffkalast 1mo ago
  I think in this sort of case it's more likely that the one person loses interest in the hobby (or time for it) and leaves it unmaintained than anything else, but yes.
vlyan 2mo ago
[flagged]
- 100721 2mo ago
  What makes you think they are being absolutist when saying fuck Russia? You can disapprove of an unprovoked invasion from many, many ethical perspectives without going near absolutism.
  - teyopi 2mo ago
    I don't really see them saying fuck the US, even though they've bombed girls schools in Iran. Or saying fuck Israel because of their super well documented ongoing genocide. "You can disapprove of ... from many, many ethical perspectives without going near absolutism."
    - 100721 2mo ago
      Did they find evidence of their service being used to bomb schools in Iran, like they found for Russia tracking launch sites in Ukraine? If not, then why would they go on such a tangent? Do you expect them to list every one of their personal geopolitical stances, regardless of the relevance to the article?
      - penteract 2mo ago
        > like they found for Russia tracking launch sites in Ukraine My understanding of that section was that Ukraine were using it to find launch sites in occupied parts of Ukraine - they go on to describe how they helped someone who had been doing the tracking: [From article] > We emailed back and forth and provided documentation on how to run the predictor locally. Edit: my recollection of which parts of Ukraine are occcupied was wrong, leaving me rather confused about who they thought they were helping.
        aleksejs 2mo ago
        I think the actor they were monitoring was not tracking real launches but rather simulating where a hypothetical balloon launched from their territory would land.
manasharit 2mo ago
Dude , were you actually able to find the balloon though ?
- Maxious 2mo ago
  One of the fun things on sondehub is you can provide live location data on yourself going to pick up the balloon. And report whether or not you were successful so others don't try to collect those already claimed
eqvinox 2mo ago
> Meteolabor AG > climate hoax Once again, the Swiss are confirming their image as the most US-like country in Europe :'(
retired 2mo ago
> Fuck Russia You know. I came to that conclusion when they started shootings rockets at a civilian airplane in 2014, killing 298 civilians of which 196 people that I share citizenship with. And fuck Germany for still buying Russian gas.
- milemi 2mo ago
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 US govt never apologized.
  - deleted 2mo ago
    [deleted]
  - KK7NIL 2mo ago
    The difference is that the US didn't start that war.
    - milemi 2mo ago
      [flagged]
  - HWR_14 2mo ago
    They never apologized, but they did make up for it. The president wrote a letter about how the US regretted the incident, compensation was paid to all of the families and the airline was given two planes.
- inigyou 1mo ago
  That's your red line on Germany? They're doing much worse than funding Russia.
brasic 2mo ago
Someone needs to option this for a book or movie. I’d read it!
Firefishy 2mo ago
I am part of the team which runs the OpenStreetMap.org infrastructure, we also get a lot of weird and wonderful requests / emails. .mil, .gov, .edu and GeoTLD variants. I should really do a write-up sometime.
- yhvr 2mo ago
  I encourage you to make it! That sounds like it could be a really fun read.
- makr17 2mo ago
  I remember being in Tel Aviv for work, and pulling up maps to plot out a bike route from the hotel to the office. Only to find that the entire route is blurred out online. Turns out our office was a few 100 meters from something important to the IDF, so no map/route data available. Too far to reasonably walk, and didn't want to try a bike without knowing there was a reasonable route...
  - driverdan 2mo ago
    Why would a road or route be blocked from OpenStreetMaps? That doesn't really provide any security if the area is public.
    - adastra22 2mo ago
      In what way do you mean “public”?
      - literalAardvark 1mo ago
        Not parent poster, but I'd describe a commute road as "very public".
        adastra22 1mo ago
        My question still stands. What does “public” mean here?
initramfs 2mo ago
I've only read the first few paragraphs but I've noticed a narrative issue. I might be the only person to have this peeve, but when introducing a story to non technical and even technical readers, it's always clearer to introduce which website is not theirs and which website is theirs. It's written in a 3rd person perspective that doesn't take ownership of the websites. "Only Melbourne and Adelaide radiosondes (the transmitter on weather balloons) were being tracked on a website called Habhub - high altitude ballooning hub." Ok, I can infer that habhub probably isn't the speaker's website. "A query parameter could be added to the URL to remove the filter and on 12th of May 2018 sondehub.org registered with a single purpose - a URL redirect to Habhub with a radiosonde specific filter." Ok, I can infer sondehub was set up by a jokey duo or group of weather balloon hobbyists. But it's really annoying reading and doubting this because I'm not 100% sure that the speaker is actually the domain creator of sondehub. You can say "we registered sondehub" or "I registered sondehub.org." Poor journalists use this passive voice sometimes. "Something happened. A source said..." Unless you're protecting a source, you can say who said what, and what caused something to happen. So I stopped reading, and wrote this comment.
- SamBam 2mo ago
  I think the author isn't a native English speaker? Either that or the writing is just a bit confusing at times, a lot of sentence fragments. > We poke their website to see - sure enough they are - an angry email to them. In general it was easy enough to understand the stories, though
  - initramfs 2mo ago
    Right, it's a small little intro that goes a long way. I checked the habhub website and found this blurb: "habhub is the home of high altitude ballooning tools developed by UKHAS, and the SondeHub team. The habitat database was retired in 2022, replaced by the SondeHub database and tracker." This intro was also quite helpful, which I found on the Sondehub github page: https://github.com/projecthorus/sondehub-amateur-tracker/wiki/Guide-for-HabHub-Users#what-is-sondehub https://github.com/projecthorus/sondehub-amateur-tracker/wik... "SondeHub started out in 2019 as a database and mapping system for tracking meteorological radiosondes. It's hosted in Amazon Web Services, so it is scalable and reliable (though does cost more to run...). SondeHub is run by a small team lead by x, y and is currently funded through Patreon Sponsors and a grant from Amateur Radio Digital Communications. SondeHub handles many millions of radiosonde telemetry packets a day, with telemetry contributed by over 700 unique receiver stations." I didn't include the names because it wasn't the purpose of the comment, just a nice way to introduce the story. I understand that the habhhub shutdown is part of the story that they later reveal, and now folded into/adapted into Sondehub: "HabHub, the Habitat database, and associated utilities have been hosted on a server donated by Nevis (name) since 2011. However, due to ongoing issues with server maintenance and rising power prices, continued hosting has become untenable. In addition to this, the software behind the Habitat servers has become extremely difficult to maintain, and a very large amount of work would be required to port it to a more modern operating system."
monitron 2mo ago
This was fascinating, thank you. I expected to read about legal threats against the folks collecting this data and am glad that those didn't materialize. Also I only realized after finishing the article what a breath of fresh air it was to read something that came straight from another human's brain without LLM intermediation. Thank you to the author for that too.
- Onavo 2mo ago
  >I expected to read about legal threats against the folks collecting this data and am glad that those didn't materialize. That's because the author folded over and played nice. Imagine if he exercised his first amendment rights.
  - dalemyers 2mo ago
    They are Australian. Don't everyone is from the US just because they speak English.
    - Onavo 2mo ago
      Regardless, he chose to fold.
      - moffkalast 1mo ago
        Revealing his own country's defences online doesn't seem like the best idea tbf. Even though all of what they found and more is arguably already tracked with satellites with orders of magnitude more accuracy by every superpower, I'm sure second and third rate ones wouldn't mind the help.
    - rexpop 2mo ago
      The rights delineated in the American Constitution are understood to precede the government being held to account for them. Furthermore, they are held to be universal, natural rights.
Quarrelsome 2mo ago
Yeye, bestof fuel. Ty so much for that read.
giancarlostoro 2mo ago
Back in the late 2000s when I was just becoming an adult, but still talking to people younger than me on the web, I knew this kid who was maybe 16, he bought a very offensive domain, we were big on 4chan shenanigans (I'll let you imagine the worst thing). I had to intervene when I realized and point out to him, that his first and last name can be looked up by anyone, anywhere, and his address. He started to panic and I forget what we even did, but I think I immediately told him to just change the first and last to literally anything else, find a valid plausible address and adjust it, and just basically abandon the account as soon as possible. Been quite a while since I ever spoke to them, hope they learned their lesson. The dumb careless things that teens do on the web.
EcommerceFlow 2mo ago
[flagged]
mannanj 2mo ago
Yeah back in 2022, I had just found my voice and developed a speaking style able to inspire understanding and articulate complex concerns down to simple concepts. I used that to convey the idea that a certain spy agency was a terrorist group (by how they were operating) and were using accounts, with said very accounts visible in many of the instagram threads I was commenting in, being astro turf to sway certain opinions and do psyops on the American people. I got thousands of up votes and engagement. Safe to say, I was naive, and it was terrifying to have them follow up and send investigators into private and public spaces. I had terror follow me from this time but I'm alive so glad that I wasn't enough of a threat to exterminate. Suppose I can thank either this was entirely made-up, or I was cautious enough after this incident (though I keep making the embarrassing mistake of sharing posts like this on hacker news and getting the occasional "You're crazy" accusation and ad hominem style credibility attacks). Who knows what really happened. I can't dismiss the possibility as 0%. Edit: Thing is when you have an expert who's job it is to act sane and credible, operating to remain in stealth and hide their behavior, any accusation to call them out as so is met with a rational response to call out the veil-piercing observations as incredulous. And who's going to spy on the spy, would you look to gather evidence and record your interactions, send in a spy tape recorder, etc lol.
- FactNotFeeling 2mo ago
  What?
wongarsu 2mo ago
"Our transmitters shut down after a certain period of time, at the latest when the battery capacity is exhausted. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations." Among other things. And this was the most sane part of Meteolabor's email
- ButlerianJihad 2mo ago
  If the transmitters continued to operate after battery exhaustion, then I may begin to question the laws of physics, as well as my life choices
  - kridsdale1 2mo ago
    They just have access to classified physics and definitions of energy most people don’t have.
    - waste_monk 1mo ago
      Turns out the weather balloons are powered by swamp gas.
  - elictronic 2mo ago
    Small solar panel and a charge controller. Defeat physics with this one trick.
    - wongarsu 1mo ago
      My transmitter shuts down after a certain amount of time. At the latest when the solar panel is heavily degraded. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations
  - chabska 2mo ago
    It's weirdly phrased, but it just means that they don't have a tight control for battery capacity. Their device is designed to operate for at most ten hours (for example), but the battery that they use could have anywhere between 8-12 hours of supply, so the transmitter would be active anywhere between 8-10 hours.
webdoodle 2mo ago
FlightAware (ADSB) and MarineTraffic (AIS) systems hide data upon request too. Which is why it's important that citizen scientists run there own receivers.
- sitzkrieg 2mo ago
  flightaware also got breached and tried to hide it from users. use adsbexchange, less filtered and outright better
Supercompressor 2mo ago
Worked on a very basic level with my Logi webcam, but couldn't get it to detect my MX Master 4 despite a few attempts. A shame, I'd love to escape Logi+ for a feature-parity solution.
- klez 2mo ago
  I'm afraid you're in the wrong thread
  - Supercompressor 1mo ago
    Hahhh.. Thank you.
KennyBlanken 2mo ago
> Official response from Meteolabor AG: For strategic reasons, we do not provide any data or sample devices. Our transmitters shut down after a certain period of time, at the latest when the battery capacity is exhausted. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations. >We are aware of the so-called waste problem. >Personal comment: I would personally like to draw attention to military activities, particularly in the Middle East, which result in significantly (exponentially) more waste and toxic substances being released into the atmosphere and left lying around in the environment – or entering the food and water cycles >In addition to military operations, countless “missions” are currently being flown over Europe with the aim of leaving “contrails” in the sky [rather “chemtrails”]. I know their purpose; I know what NetZero is supposed to achieve, and what decarbonization and CO2 reduction are intended to accomplish. I am well-informed about the climate hoax. >Start there! The people to talk to are politicians, NGOs, and very wealthy old white men. I wonder who at the company wrote that? Paul Klöti? Rolf Maag? Elisabeth Ruppert-Bolliger? Walter Büchler? Andreas Kräuchi?
- zipy124 2mo ago
  The most interesting thing is like, contrail conspiracy theories from a weather date collection organisation? That seems... odd to say the least?
  - deleted 1mo ago
    [deleted]
rawling 2mo ago
How did they pivot from just providing a redirect to > we decided to start proxying radiosonde ingestion data through SondeHub Redirecting to the habhub UI doesn't seem like it would also let them intercept people uploading their data to habhub.
- drdexebtjl 2mo ago
  I didn’t understand that part either.
ghostly_s 2mo ago
I found the cognitive dissonance interesting between emailing AWS support about the Ukrainian war effort: "it is incredibly important that the source AWS account is not blocked, rate limited or terminated - loss of life could occur.", then a paragraph later: "I was hesitant even working with them, as I don’t really want to help military, let alone the US."
- inigyou 1mo ago
  Yeah studies show most people don't actually have morals and just rationalize whatevers convenient at the time
  - SenHeng 1mo ago
    Ukraine is fighting a defensive war. The US isn’t.
    - enquirewithin 1mo ago
      [flagged]
    - inigyou 1mo ago
      Which makes it even more confusing why someone would be hesitant to support the Ukraine military but not the US military.
jakzurr 2mo ago
Does the title mean, "...turned into..."? That is, should it be "A joke domain purchase turned into geopolitical warfare" Anyway, fascinating reading.
- justsid 2mo ago
  Yeah the title reads quite weird, but I would think “turned up” instead of “turned into”. The domain didn’t cause geopolitical war after all.
omoikane 2mo ago
I like how a website for tracking balloons escalated into critical infrastructure. Reminds me of 99 Red Balloons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Luftballons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Luftballons
socketcluster 2mo ago
I enjoyed reading this. It has a "butterfly effect" kind of vibe how such a random trivial-sounding pursuit can lead to something consequential. It's also mind-opening to realize how many strange human activities are happening in the background.
deleted 2mo ago
[deleted]
jawwer9 2mo ago
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newsclues 2mo ago
The impacts of war are far reaching, we lost a great torrent site in large part due to the Ukraine war
sharpshadow 1mo ago
TIL that everyday 1000s weather balloons fall into the ocean. The reverse prediction engine sounds neat and with thousands of balloons send out everyday reverse predicting their starting locations draws a comprehensive map over time.
yishaicohen 1mo ago
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pennyforgehq 1mo ago
[flagged]
deleted 1mo ago
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mohsinq227 1mo ago
[flagged]

1035 points by kareiva 2mo ago

Slightly unrelated but I have no idea how wind speed predictions are made up high in the altitudes, is it just interpolation of data that are get from various radiosonoids across various timestamps and finding a regular or seasonal pattern?

jxf 2mo ago
As I understand it, it's a combination of things: aircraft reports, atmospheric motion vectors (e.g. a cloud doesn't have any propulsion, so if a cloud moves 30 km in an hour, you have learned something about the wind), Doppler wind lidar, and satellite measurements. The numerical predictions of weather models often have many vertical components as well, so solving it for ground level also requires extending the forecast to the air, depending on the model.
- lgeorget 2mo ago
  To predict anything on the ground, you have to predict air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction etc. for the entire troposphere. The output of the models in altitude are as relevant to the meteorologists as the output on the ground for manual expert analysis.
wood_spirit 2mo ago
Generally at altitude the wind goes from west to east. During the Cold War the US would launch spy balloons to overfly Russia whilst the wind was blowing against the Russians reciprocating. This is generally true in the current Ukraine war too. Some interesting links: https://www.hisutton.com/US-Navy-CIA-Submarine-Launched-Spy-Balloons.html https://www.hisutton.com/US-Navy-CIA-Submarine-Launched-Spy-... https://www.hisutton.com/Chinese-Navy-High-Altitude-Spy-Balloons.html https://www.hisutton.com/Chinese-Navy-High-Altitude-Spy-Ball... https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iD6XaaO9bEo https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iD6XaaO9bEo
buildsjets 2mo ago
Not just wind speed, but all kinds of weather data can be extracted from radiosonde recordings. The data output is called a Skew-T Log-P graph. Some examples of how to interpret them at https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/convective_parameters/skewt/skewtinfo.html https://www.weather.gov/source/zhu/ZHU_Training_Page/convect... There are of course several different global weather models that predict the behavior of the atmosphere, and it is a lot more complicated than just interpolating past data. But they all do rely on radiosonde data for daily calibration of actual atmospheric conditions.

deleted 2mo ago

[deleted]

iamnothere 2mo ago

The part where he gets contacted over the hit-and-run reads like the curl guy’s experience with people investigating “hacking”. I wonder how often this happens outside of software? Do fence manufacturers get emails asking to identify the culprit when someone crashes through a fence?

BowBun 2mo ago
I feel like it's a "cast a wide net" type of strategy. Doesn't really hurt to ask and there _could_ be the tiniest hint that could lead to something. Maybe?
- genghisjahn 2mo ago
  In my first law class the prof said, "When it doubt, sue everybody."
- digitalmonstars 2mo ago
  Specially when the goal may not even be to find and demand anything from a culprit, but simply to prove there was a culprit. Insurance. This is about insurance. See, in my country, you could not use a car's dashcam recording as evidence in a small claims court. But I could 100% use it with insurance. They don't abide by the same rules of what counts as evidence.
ikidd 2mo ago
Actually, it wasn't unreasonable. If the guy caused the damage while picking up a sonde, to know who's sonde it was would help identify the culprit.
- iamnothere 2mo ago
  Fair, I guess, I just can’t imagine what it’s like getting all these weird requests and demands for a hobby project. Hopefully the author is more entertained than I would be.
  - 2mo ago

mschuster91 2mo ago

> Meanwhile (and you might have noticed me asking for AWS help on fedi) we contacted AWS as the source IP was from an AWS network. It was very important however to make sure the AWS support did not shutdown access. I'm legitimately impressed that whoever got that ticket on AWS side actually followed through and was able to divert from their script...

unregistereddev 2mo ago
Ditto. My experience with AWS support has been generally disappointing.
- sellmesoap 2mo ago
  You just have to project life and death into your request and bobs your uncle!
frenchtoast8 2mo ago
When AWS suspects malicious usage in my experience they usually ask before shutting you down. The company I work at got one of these emails from AWS. We had a bug which caused us to hit a 3rd party API much more than we should have, and the service provider reported us to AWS for attempted DDoS. AWS just asked us to give our side of the story. I'm sure that being a large (but not enterprise) customer gives us some leeway, but I've also heard similar things from hobbyists. There are exceptions if you are a fairly new account, or if you operate in certain low reputation regions. Specifically I have heard regions in Africa tend to get the "shoot first ask questions later" treatment from AWS Support. However, all of this was before 2026 (when AWS Support seems to have 100% turned over to AI). For all I know their actions might look completely different now.
- jamesfinlayson 2mo ago
  I think I still get a human (working for big enterprise company) but it's almost guaranteed that the first response will be useless.
- 1mo ago

hnub7akvk6 2mo ago

[flagged]

m-i-l 2mo ago

In the UK a few decades ago, if you found a radiosonde from a weather balloon, it would have instructions on how to claim a recovery fee if you returned it for reuse. Sadly I never found one, but I knew this because my dad was a geophysicist and we lived at the time on a Scottish island which was one of the UK's launch spots. Looks like the recovery fee was stopped a long time ago, when the devices became cheap enough to be effectively disposable.

m463 2mo ago
reminds me of keys/badges with "drop in any mailbox" instructions that recover them.
- aleksejs 2mo ago
  This is an official USPS service available to anyone willing to attach their address and "a statement guaranteeing payment of postage due on delivery" to their keys! Which is neat but kind of awkward if that's also the address of the door the keys open. (per section 1.6 of USPS DMM 133 at https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/133.htm https://pe.usps.com/text/dmm300/133.htm)
  - m463 2mo ago
    no media mail rates. Will have to return that overdue book to the library in person.

theturtle 2mo ago

[dead]

NVHacker 2mo ago

Geopolitical warfare can be triggered by much less than that: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spell_My_Name_with_an_S

rf15 2mo ago
This is fiction...
- NVHacker 1mo ago
  I did not say otherwise. I also said "it can", not "it has". This is humor...

doodlebugging 2mo ago

I was one of the data points in that spike related to the Chinese balloon incident though that is not the first time I used sondehub. A couple years before that incident I found the site while trying to help someone understand what they were seeing in the sky near where they live. An old dopehead, friend-of-a-friend was paranoid that they were being surveilled by aliens in UFOs, something they could assure you had been happening since the 1970's. Not coincidentally I'm sure, that's when they were a young dopehead. While outwardly funny to most of us, it was a serious issue for them. To help them understand all the shiny things in the sky at night I assembled a list of tools that could help them rule out various terrestrial sources for the shiny things. Stellaris or Celestia could help them identify stars and constellations, even showing them what the sky should look like at their exact location so they could compare in real time. They could also use their digital camera (after instructions on how to take low light photos that show stars) to take photos and later compare those photos to stars and planets that would've been visible when the photo was taken. I pointed them at Flightradar24 and FlightAware for air traffic and recommended they get a license instead of the free version so they could track more things better. They weren't close to an active military base but using either or both of those could help rule out military air traffic when the pilots were flying and broadcasting ADS-B. Since many UFOs in the historical record were blamed on weather balloons I looked around for a way to find weather balloons visible in your area and that is when I found sondehub. The ability to see the balloon track was especially useful since I explained how objects at high altitudes could be visible even if they are hundreds of miles distant when you have a clear line of sight so the balloon doesn't need to be between them and the horizon. It only needed to be visible above the horizon and using the tools they could rule out quite a few things. Around the same time people were posting great photos of sprites associated with powerful thunderstorms well over the horizon so this helped them understand that shiny things in the sky are not necessarily close to them. I also used HeavensAbove to help them track known satellites and the ISS. Having them see the ISS cross the sky at their location a little after dark helped them understand why a bright light crossing the sky can quickly disappear once the concept of the earth's shadow was clear. It was nice and bright while sunlit and winked out as soon as it passed into shadow. I gave them links to astronomy sites so they could know when to expect meteor showers and other celestial phenomena. All in all, they got a nice collection of tools, freely available, that they could use to understand why there were sparkly, shiny things in their sky. I haven't yet had confirmation that any of those sparkly, shiny things could not be explained using those tools. Thanks for this link.

xur17 2mo ago

It's fun to see habhub in an article. ~10 years ago a group of friends and I launched 2 weather balloons for fun with a GPS logger, APRS transmitter, and a few sensors, and then retrieved it afterwards. I have a bunch of memorable experiences from it, including: 1. Under inflating the first balloon because our helium provider was closed, and instead buying lower pressure "party" balloon containers (and not realizing until too late that lower pressure meant more helium left in the containers) 2. Chasing down the balloon at night and trying to explain why you wanted to walk onto some guys field to check for a weather balloon 3. Later calling a gas station to ask if "some guy just arrived with a weather balloon in their truck" when trying to track down the balloon If anyone has kids and wants a fun project, I highly recommend it. There are a few companies online that sell kits, and it's neat to watch the different layers of the atmosphere (temperature and wind), and try to "chase" after the balloon and find it afterwards.

Aurornis 2mo ago
Were you able to find the balloon? Your last point has me wondering what happened. Did someone else get to it first?
- xur17 2mo ago
  Yup. We were able to find it both times. First time it "floated" and traveled further than we expected (at one point habhub predicted it to land in Africa). This is the one we called a gas station about, and we did end up getting it back. Second time was cleaner, and we drove up someone's driveway, and asked if we could retrieve it.
  - dylan604 2mo ago
    We had to move our launch site from where we originally wanted as 3 out of 3 predictions showed our landing site to be on an Air Force base. While I was willing to climb a barbed wire fence way out in the middle of nowhere, a fence around a base was not something I could see myself doing. I also didn't want to end up in a news story for causing military alerts. It was surprising just how far we had to go outside of the city to have it land in a spot that we'd be able to retrieve it.

quietsegfault 2mo ago

Interacting with the public is the most exciting yet frightening aspect of any public project.

Loughla 2mo ago
There are always flashes of brilliance but it's hard to see them when wading through the vitriol.

aghuang 2mo ago

This really escalated amusingly. Some things just write themselves.

voxleone 2mo ago

The author’s concern about keeping the infrastructure decentralized is pretty understandable, not just from a censorship/open-data perspective, but also from a security perspective: you don't want one server, or one person, to become an obvious target.

webdoodle 2mo ago
2 is 1, one is none. I hope they do regular backups too.
moffkalast 1mo ago
I think in this sort of case it's more likely that the one person loses interest in the hobby (or time for it) and leaves it unmaintained than anything else, but yes.

vlyan 2mo ago

[flagged]

100721 2mo ago
What makes you think they are being absolutist when saying fuck Russia? You can disapprove of an unprovoked invasion from many, many ethical perspectives without going near absolutism.
- teyopi 2mo ago
  I don't really see them saying fuck the US, even though they've bombed girls schools in Iran. Or saying fuck Israel because of their super well documented ongoing genocide. "You can disapprove of ... from many, many ethical perspectives without going near absolutism."
  - 100721 2mo ago
    Did they find evidence of their service being used to bomb schools in Iran, like they found for Russia tracking launch sites in Ukraine? If not, then why would they go on such a tangent? Do you expect them to list every one of their personal geopolitical stances, regardless of the relevance to the article?
    - penteract 2mo ago
      > like they found for Russia tracking launch sites in Ukraine My understanding of that section was that Ukraine were using it to find launch sites in occupied parts of Ukraine - they go on to describe how they helped someone who had been doing the tracking: [From article] > We emailed back and forth and provided documentation on how to run the predictor locally. Edit: my recollection of which parts of Ukraine are occcupied was wrong, leaving me rather confused about who they thought they were helping.
      - aleksejs 2mo ago
        I think the actor they were monitoring was not tracking real launches but rather simulating where a hypothetical balloon launched from their territory would land.

manasharit 2mo ago

Dude , were you actually able to find the balloon though ?

Maxious 2mo ago
One of the fun things on sondehub is you can provide live location data on yourself going to pick up the balloon. And report whether or not you were successful so others don't try to collect those already claimed

eqvinox 2mo ago

> Meteolabor AG > climate hoax Once again, the Swiss are confirming their image as the most US-like country in Europe :'(

retired 2mo ago

> Fuck Russia You know. I came to that conclusion when they started shootings rockets at a civilian airplane in 2014, killing 298 civilians of which 196 people that I share citizenship with. And fuck Germany for still buying Russian gas.

milemi 2mo ago
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Air_Flight_655 US govt never apologized.
- deleted 2mo ago
  [deleted]
- KK7NIL 2mo ago
  The difference is that the US didn't start that war.
  - milemi 2mo ago
    [flagged]
- HWR_14 2mo ago
  They never apologized, but they did make up for it. The president wrote a letter about how the US regretted the incident, compensation was paid to all of the families and the airline was given two planes.
inigyou 1mo ago
That's your red line on Germany? They're doing much worse than funding Russia.

brasic 2mo ago

Someone needs to option this for a book or movie. I’d read it!

Firefishy 2mo ago

I am part of the team which runs the OpenStreetMap.org infrastructure, we also get a lot of weird and wonderful requests / emails. .mil, .gov, .edu and GeoTLD variants. I should really do a write-up sometime.

yhvr 2mo ago
I encourage you to make it! That sounds like it could be a really fun read.
makr17 2mo ago
I remember being in Tel Aviv for work, and pulling up maps to plot out a bike route from the hotel to the office. Only to find that the entire route is blurred out online. Turns out our office was a few 100 meters from something important to the IDF, so no map/route data available. Too far to reasonably walk, and didn't want to try a bike without knowing there was a reasonable route...
- driverdan 2mo ago
  Why would a road or route be blocked from OpenStreetMaps? That doesn't really provide any security if the area is public.
  - adastra22 2mo ago
    In what way do you mean “public”?
    - literalAardvark 1mo ago
      Not parent poster, but I'd describe a commute road as "very public".
      - adastra22 1mo ago
        My question still stands. What does “public” mean here?

initramfs 2mo ago

I've only read the first few paragraphs but I've noticed a narrative issue. I might be the only person to have this peeve, but when introducing a story to non technical and even technical readers, it's always clearer to introduce which website is not theirs and which website is theirs. It's written in a 3rd person perspective that doesn't take ownership of the websites. "Only Melbourne and Adelaide radiosondes (the transmitter on weather balloons) were being tracked on a website called Habhub - high altitude ballooning hub." Ok, I can infer that habhub probably isn't the speaker's website. "A query parameter could be added to the URL to remove the filter and on 12th of May 2018 sondehub.org registered with a single purpose - a URL redirect to Habhub with a radiosonde specific filter." Ok, I can infer sondehub was set up by a jokey duo or group of weather balloon hobbyists. But it's really annoying reading and doubting this because I'm not 100% sure that the speaker is actually the domain creator of sondehub. You can say "we registered sondehub" or "I registered sondehub.org." Poor journalists use this passive voice sometimes. "Something happened. A source said..." Unless you're protecting a source, you can say who said what, and what caused something to happen. So I stopped reading, and wrote this comment.

SamBam 2mo ago
I think the author isn't a native English speaker? Either that or the writing is just a bit confusing at times, a lot of sentence fragments. > We poke their website to see - sure enough they are - an angry email to them. In general it was easy enough to understand the stories, though
- initramfs 2mo ago
  Right, it's a small little intro that goes a long way. I checked the habhub website and found this blurb: "habhub is the home of high altitude ballooning tools developed by UKHAS, and the SondeHub team. The habitat database was retired in 2022, replaced by the SondeHub database and tracker." This intro was also quite helpful, which I found on the Sondehub github page: https://github.com/projecthorus/sondehub-amateur-tracker/wiki/Guide-for-HabHub-Users#what-is-sondehub https://github.com/projecthorus/sondehub-amateur-tracker/wik... "SondeHub started out in 2019 as a database and mapping system for tracking meteorological radiosondes. It's hosted in Amazon Web Services, so it is scalable and reliable (though does cost more to run...). SondeHub is run by a small team lead by x, y and is currently funded through Patreon Sponsors and a grant from Amateur Radio Digital Communications. SondeHub handles many millions of radiosonde telemetry packets a day, with telemetry contributed by over 700 unique receiver stations." I didn't include the names because it wasn't the purpose of the comment, just a nice way to introduce the story. I understand that the habhhub shutdown is part of the story that they later reveal, and now folded into/adapted into Sondehub: "HabHub, the Habitat database, and associated utilities have been hosted on a server donated by Nevis (name) since 2011. However, due to ongoing issues with server maintenance and rising power prices, continued hosting has become untenable. In addition to this, the software behind the Habitat servers has become extremely difficult to maintain, and a very large amount of work would be required to port it to a more modern operating system."

monitron 2mo ago

This was fascinating, thank you. I expected to read about legal threats against the folks collecting this data and am glad that those didn't materialize. Also I only realized after finishing the article what a breath of fresh air it was to read something that came straight from another human's brain without LLM intermediation. Thank you to the author for that too.

Onavo 2mo ago
>I expected to read about legal threats against the folks collecting this data and am glad that those didn't materialize. That's because the author folded over and played nice. Imagine if he exercised his first amendment rights.
- dalemyers 2mo ago
  They are Australian. Don't everyone is from the US just because they speak English.
  - Onavo 2mo ago
    Regardless, he chose to fold.
    - moffkalast 1mo ago
      Revealing his own country's defences online doesn't seem like the best idea tbf. Even though all of what they found and more is arguably already tracked with satellites with orders of magnitude more accuracy by every superpower, I'm sure second and third rate ones wouldn't mind the help.
  - rexpop 2mo ago
    The rights delineated in the American Constitution are understood to precede the government being held to account for them. Furthermore, they are held to be universal, natural rights.

Quarrelsome 2mo ago

Yeye, bestof fuel. Ty so much for that read.

giancarlostoro 2mo ago

Back in the late 2000s when I was just becoming an adult, but still talking to people younger than me on the web, I knew this kid who was maybe 16, he bought a very offensive domain, we were big on 4chan shenanigans (I'll let you imagine the worst thing). I had to intervene when I realized and point out to him, that his first and last name can be looked up by anyone, anywhere, and his address. He started to panic and I forget what we even did, but I think I immediately told him to just change the first and last to literally anything else, find a valid plausible address and adjust it, and just basically abandon the account as soon as possible. Been quite a while since I ever spoke to them, hope they learned their lesson. The dumb careless things that teens do on the web.

EcommerceFlow 2mo ago

[flagged]

mannanj 2mo ago

Yeah back in 2022, I had just found my voice and developed a speaking style able to inspire understanding and articulate complex concerns down to simple concepts. I used that to convey the idea that a certain spy agency was a terrorist group (by how they were operating) and were using accounts, with said very accounts visible in many of the instagram threads I was commenting in, being astro turf to sway certain opinions and do psyops on the American people. I got thousands of up votes and engagement. Safe to say, I was naive, and it was terrifying to have them follow up and send investigators into private and public spaces. I had terror follow me from this time but I'm alive so glad that I wasn't enough of a threat to exterminate. Suppose I can thank either this was entirely made-up, or I was cautious enough after this incident (though I keep making the embarrassing mistake of sharing posts like this on hacker news and getting the occasional "You're crazy" accusation and ad hominem style credibility attacks). Who knows what really happened. I can't dismiss the possibility as 0%. Edit: Thing is when you have an expert who's job it is to act sane and credible, operating to remain in stealth and hide their behavior, any accusation to call them out as so is met with a rational response to call out the veil-piercing observations as incredulous. And who's going to spy on the spy, would you look to gather evidence and record your interactions, send in a spy tape recorder, etc lol.

FactNotFeeling 2mo ago
What?

wongarsu 2mo ago

"Our transmitters shut down after a certain period of time, at the latest when the battery capacity is exhausted. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations." Among other things. And this was the most sane part of Meteolabor's email

ButlerianJihad 2mo ago
If the transmitters continued to operate after battery exhaustion, then I may begin to question the laws of physics, as well as my life choices
- kridsdale1 2mo ago
  They just have access to classified physics and definitions of energy most people don’t have.
  - waste_monk 1mo ago
    Turns out the weather balloons are powered by swamp gas.
- elictronic 2mo ago
  Small solar panel and a charge controller. Defeat physics with this one trick.
  - wongarsu 1mo ago
    My transmitter shuts down after a certain amount of time. At the latest when the solar panel is heavily degraded. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations
- chabska 2mo ago
  It's weirdly phrased, but it just means that they don't have a tight control for battery capacity. Their device is designed to operate for at most ten hours (for example), but the battery that they use could have anywhere between 8-12 hours of supply, so the transmitter would be active anywhere between 8-10 hours.

webdoodle 2mo ago

FlightAware (ADSB) and MarineTraffic (AIS) systems hide data upon request too. Which is why it's important that citizen scientists run there own receivers.

sitzkrieg 2mo ago
flightaware also got breached and tried to hide it from users. use adsbexchange, less filtered and outright better

Supercompressor 2mo ago

Worked on a very basic level with my Logi webcam, but couldn't get it to detect my MX Master 4 despite a few attempts. A shame, I'd love to escape Logi+ for a feature-parity solution.

klez 2mo ago
I'm afraid you're in the wrong thread
- Supercompressor 1mo ago
  Hahhh.. Thank you.

KennyBlanken 2mo ago

> Official response from Meteolabor AG: For strategic reasons, we do not provide any data or sample devices. Our transmitters shut down after a certain period of time, at the latest when the battery capacity is exhausted. This is due, among other things, to strategic considerations. >We are aware of the so-called waste problem. >Personal comment: I would personally like to draw attention to military activities, particularly in the Middle East, which result in significantly (exponentially) more waste and toxic substances being released into the atmosphere and left lying around in the environment – or entering the food and water cycles >In addition to military operations, countless “missions” are currently being flown over Europe with the aim of leaving “contrails” in the sky [rather “chemtrails”]. I know their purpose; I know what NetZero is supposed to achieve, and what decarbonization and CO2 reduction are intended to accomplish. I am well-informed about the climate hoax. >Start there! The people to talk to are politicians, NGOs, and very wealthy old white men. I wonder who at the company wrote that? Paul Klöti? Rolf Maag? Elisabeth Ruppert-Bolliger? Walter Büchler? Andreas Kräuchi?

zipy124 2mo ago
The most interesting thing is like, contrail conspiracy theories from a weather date collection organisation? That seems... odd to say the least?
- deleted 1mo ago
  [deleted]

rawling 2mo ago

How did they pivot from just providing a redirect to > we decided to start proxying radiosonde ingestion data through SondeHub Redirecting to the habhub UI doesn't seem like it would also let them intercept people uploading their data to habhub.

drdexebtjl 2mo ago
I didn’t understand that part either.

ghostly_s 2mo ago

I found the cognitive dissonance interesting between emailing AWS support about the Ukrainian war effort: "it is incredibly important that the source AWS account is not blocked, rate limited or terminated - loss of life could occur.", then a paragraph later: "I was hesitant even working with them, as I don’t really want to help military, let alone the US."

inigyou 1mo ago
Yeah studies show most people don't actually have morals and just rationalize whatevers convenient at the time
- SenHeng 1mo ago
  Ukraine is fighting a defensive war. The US isn’t.
  - enquirewithin 1mo ago
    [flagged]
  - inigyou 1mo ago
    Which makes it even more confusing why someone would be hesitant to support the Ukraine military but not the US military.

jakzurr 2mo ago

Does the title mean, "...turned into..."? That is, should it be "A joke domain purchase turned into geopolitical warfare" Anyway, fascinating reading.

justsid 2mo ago
Yeah the title reads quite weird, but I would think “turned up” instead of “turned into”. The domain didn’t cause geopolitical war after all.

omoikane 2mo ago

I like how a website for tracking balloons escalated into critical infrastructure. Reminds me of 99 Red Balloons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Luftballons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99_Luftballons

socketcluster 2mo ago

I enjoyed reading this. It has a "butterfly effect" kind of vibe how such a random trivial-sounding pursuit can lead to something consequential. It's also mind-opening to realize how many strange human activities are happening in the background.

deleted 2mo ago

[deleted]

jawwer9 2mo ago

[dead]

newsclues 2mo ago

The impacts of war are far reaching, we lost a great torrent site in large part due to the Ukraine war

sharpshadow 1mo ago

TIL that everyday 1000s weather balloons fall into the ocean. The reverse prediction engine sounds neat and with thousands of balloons send out everyday reverse predicting their starting locations draws a comprehensive map over time.

yishaicohen 1mo ago

[dead]

pennyforgehq 1mo ago

[flagged]

deleted 1mo ago

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mohsinq227 1mo ago

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