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They're not dangerous unless you get too close. A black hole is not a cosmic vacuum cleaner. If the Moon were suddenly transformed into a tiny black hole with
by api 1y ago
They're not dangerous unless you get too close. A black hole is not a cosmic vacuum cleaner.
If the Moon were suddenly transformed into a tiny black hole with the same mass, it would continue to orbit the Earth at the same distance. Ocean tides due to its gravity would continue normally. There would not be much effect except that it would no longer be visible with the naked eye and would no longer reflect the sun's light back to Earth. If you found it in a telescope, you might see gravitational lensing as it passed in front of the star field. Objects like probes or old spacecraft stages orbiting the Moon would continue to do so.
The only danger would be that if things fell into it I suppose you might get dangerous X-ray and gamma ray emissions from its accretion disc that would be a problem at such a close range. That would not be an issue with a primordial black hole much further away.
If there were such an object we could send probes to orbit it and study it, and some experiments may involve firing objects or shooting lasers or beams of particles into it to attempt to learn about the quantum effects at the event horizon. This could be massive for physics, allowing us to access and observe conditions and energies not replicable here on Earth with any current technology.
BTW we don't have any hard evidence that primordial black holes exist, but many theories predict them. So far such predictions around black holes have a pretty good track record. If you made me bet, I would bet on them existing. They are a candidate for some or perhaps even all of dark matter, though even if that's not the case they might still exist. It's possible that the dark matter haloes we can spot with gravitational lensing are clouds of these things. ("Clouds" of course is a misnomer-- the distance between them would be many light years.)
If planet nine is a PBH it means that at some point one was captured by our solar system into a Kuiper Belt orbit. Even if planet nine isn't one, there still may be small asteroid mass PBHs in our solar system, so we still might find one. They would require extremely sensitive X-ray or gamma ray telescopes or highly accurate gravitational models of the solar system to detect.
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- nonethewiser 1y agoThat is very interesting and made me realize I did think of black holes as “sucking” things in. Which I see is not the right way to think about it.
- api 1y agoIt’s an object with theoretical maximum density. That’s one way to think about it. Another visualization: if you had an Earth mass black hole with a solid shell surrounding it at the same radius as the Earth’s surface is from its core, gravity atop that shell would be 1g. The actual black hole would be about the size of a marble. If you got close to it you would of course be subject to insane gravity and be “spaghettified” etc. All the mass would be in that marble. But at a distance it would be the same. Compared to that object the Earth is mostly empty space. Ordinary matter is not that dense. Black holes are totally fascinating. They are in some ways the most extreme objects that can possibly exist. If we could study one we could learn a lot.
- philipov 1y agoThat's Newton's Shell Theorem for you.
- baxtr 1y agoI love HN for these kind of comments
- XorNot 1y agoThey're also interestingly one of the most boring: every black hole can be described by 3 numbers: mass, spin and charge. Which is to say they are extremely high entropy.
- api 1y agoThey are extremely high entropy as far as what's accessible. We don't know what's really on the inside.
- haarolean 1y ago> you might get dangerous X-ray and gamma ray emissions from its accretion disc There’s not enough matter nearby to feed it enough to form an accretion disc > we could send probes to orbit it Hitting a cm-sized black hole orbit at a lunar distance sounds insanely hard, given it’s invisible (even with occasional lensing).
- sliken 1y agoObviously we've managed to orbit the moon. To find the blackhole that replaced the moon just enter lunar orbit and keep firing your thrusters to slow down.