7 ms·

Harlequin: DuckDB IDE for the terminal

309 points by billowycoat 3y ago

pjot 3y ago
This looks great! I’ve been using Motherduck for a while now, glad to see more things being built with it in mind.
tschellenbach 3y ago
what are the benefits of DuckDB?
- pacbard 3y ago
  It’s similar to sqlite but can open multiple file formats.
- deleted 3y ago
  [deleted]
- maxmcd 3y ago
  it’s like a columnar store sqlite, better performance for analytical data
- hobs 3y ago
  I like it for writing easy sql locally transforming data frames without having to think too hard about it.
- chrisjc 3y ago
  Databases can usually be split into one of two types; OLTP (row-based) or OLAP (columnar). OLTPs are used mostly for transactional workloads whereas OLAP is mostly used for analytics. Here goes... Take 1: sqlite is to Postgres, what duckdb is to Snowflake/BigQuery. Take 2: In a similar way that sqlite is an in-process/memory OLTP, duckdb is an in-process/memory OLAP. I should mention some caveats/exceptions/notes about my statements above: - there are OLAP projects out there that use Postgres as their basis. - HTAPs are DBs that allow you to define tables as either row-based or columnar. - duckdb works with sqlite tables, and its SQL is heavily based on postgres SQL - duckdb 0.9.0 is being released next week :) - It seems duckdb is poised to become an almost ubiquitous component of the analytical stack. Apache Iceberg, dbt, ...
- bdcravens 3y ago
  In addition to the other examples given, it's a quick way to run sql commmands against a CSV, and lets you quickly export to Parquet as well run queries against Parquet files. If you're going to be using Parquet but want to run some quick tests (think setting up an Athena database) it's nice to do it ad hoc rather than having to setup a full ETL process first.
quadrature 3y ago
If anyone here is using DuckDB in production i'd love to hear what your stack looks like over the entire lifecycle of extract->transform->load.
- zlurker 3y ago
  We orchestrate our ETL pipelines with dagster. We only use duckdb in a few of them but are slowly replacing pandas etls with it. For some of our bigger jobs we use spark instead. Essentially it's: 1. Data sources from places such as s3, sftp, rds 2. Use duckdb to load most of these with only extensions (I dont believe there's one for sftp, so we just have some python code to pull the files out.) 3. transform the data however we'd like with duckdb. 4. convert the duckdb table to pyarrow 5. Save to s3 with delta-rs FWIW, we also have this all execute externally from our orchestration on an EC2 instance. This allows us to scale vertically.
  - quadrature 3y ago
    This is very cool!. Last time I checked duckdb didn't have the concept of a metastore so do you have an internal convention for table locations and folder structure ?. What do you use for reports/visualizations? notebooks ?.
    - zlurker 3y ago
      Yeah, dagster has a concept of metadata and assets so we have some code that'll map dagster's own logical representation to physical s3 locations. Reports and viz varies a lot, the finance department uses tableau where as for more 'data sciencey' stuff we normally just use notebooks.
      - quadrature 3y ago
        Hadn't heard of that dagster feature, thats really cool.
- tconbeer 3y ago
  It's great as: 1. An ephemeral processing engine. For example, I have a machine learning pipeline where I load data into a DataFrame, and then I can use DuckDB to execute SQL on my DataFrame (I prefer both the syntax and performance to Pandas). 2. A data lake processing engine. DuckDB makes it very easy to interact with partitioned files. 3. A lightweight datastore. I have one ETL pipeline where I need to cache the data if an API is unavailable. I just write the DataFrame to a DuckDB database that is on a mounted network filesystem, and read it back when I need it.
NortySpock 3y ago
This looks super handy, I will definitely take a moment to try it out. For those asking what DuckDB is: columnstore databases like DuckDB may be slower at data ingestion, but are very quick at multi-GB sums, counts, and aggregations.
Scarbutt 3y ago
Is there something like this for XML?
tconbeer 3y ago
Hi everyone! I made this. Tried posting it to Show yesterday, glad this thread is getting more momentum! For the past four months I've been working (part-time, this is OSS after all) on Harlequin, a SQL IDE for DuckDB that runs in your terminal. I built this because I work in Data, and I found myself often reaching for the DuckDB CLI to quickly query CSV or Parquet data, but then hitting a wall when using the DuckDB CLI as my queries got more complex and my result sets got larger. Harlequin is a drop-in replacement for the DuckDB CLI that runs in any terminal (even over SSH), but adds a browsable data catalog, full-powered text editor (with multiple buffer support), and a scrollable results viewer that can display thousands of records. Harlequin is written in Python, using the Textual framework. It's licensed under MIT. Yesterday I released v1.0.0: you can try it out with `pip install harlequin`, or visit https://harlequin.sh https://harlequin.sh for docs and other info.
- ayhanfuat 3y ago
  Lovely tool. I'll certainly try it out. The code fragments in the documentation seem to be not selectable, though (or maybe it is not highlighting correctly).
  - tconbeer 3y ago
    it's an issue with the highlight color. I'll get that fixed shortly.
- inshadows 3y ago
  [dead]
- avinassh 3y ago
  This looks very cool! how is autocomplete feature implemented?
  - tconbeer 3y ago
    Right now there is no autocomplete inside the text editor, but that will be added soon. DuckDB itself provides an extension that adds a table function that can be queried for completions like so: select * from sql_auto_complete( 'select ra' )
jamestimmins 3y ago
Absolutely love the logo. I'd like to see more projects/startups choosing logos/themes with this level of personality. Project looks rad too, but I'm just here to appreciatively bike shed.
zokier 3y ago
I'm not in love with this style of UI design in terminals: https://harlequin.sh/_app/immutable/assets/export.a0e81d27.png https://harlequin.sh/_app/immutable/assets/export.a0e81d27.p... Every item in the form takes 4 lines (I think?) whereas in more traditional curses UI they would be packed to one line per item, the scrollbar could have easily been avoided here. Smaller nitpick but that style of toggle switches is also form over function; I'd find traditional [X] far more clear/less ambiguous
- tconbeer 3y ago
  fair feedback!
- rochak 3y ago
  +1. Lazygit is one of the few tools that does the TUI just right. Super functional UI + Easy discoverability = Chef's kiss.
  - tconbeer 3y ago
    TIL about LazyGit. Looks excellent. Thanks for the tip, and the UI feedback
    - ElCapitanMarkla 3y ago
      Don’t forget lazydocker if you use docker
- queuebert 3y ago
  Agree. The best curses interfaces make liberal use of highlighting and color, rather than box drawing characters, which take up too much real estate. Besides lazygit, which rocks, I would even point to the old DOS versions of MS Word, which had popups that were information dense but readable.
  - ptman 3y ago
    Color can be tricky too. Colorblind or bad contrast. Terminals do bold, italic, underline and strikethrough.
DesiLurker 3y ago
I need this but for C++, I kinda miss the old borland turbo C++ ide. mostly what I care about is terminal access and code navigation but other than some vim + plugins monstrosity I cant find any.
- whobre 3y ago
  There’s Motor, but I don’t know if the project is still being maintained. https://github.com/rofl0r/motor https://github.com/rofl0r/motor
- malloc-0x90 3y ago
  Same. Thousands text editors, but not a single IDE. And they all get SO close, just give a look to SetEdit screenshots: https://setedit.sourceforge.net/ https://setedit.sourceforge.net/ I don't know if it can be of any help for you, but at the moment on the terminal I mostly use: - Tilde: https://github.com/gphalkes/tilde https://github.com/gphalkes/tilde - Textadept: https://github.com/orbitalquark/textadept https://github.com/orbitalquark/textadept Or "Geany IDE" on desktop environment (while waiting for lapce.dev to get better), I tend to stay away as much as possible from VS Codium, but everyone else seems to love it and already forgot about Atom, few seems to realise how Microsoft really is. Maybe the plot twist is that you have to accept in your heart that "writing text on anything, is the real IDE", and transcend to writing on nano!
  - SanderNL 3y ago
    A rich text-based UI feels like it has all the downsides of a GUI while substantially lacking the upsides. For example, Tilde. It seems nice and maybe it has nice features, but what about these features is so highly dependent on being accessible through a "menu"? Do you reach for the "menu" all the time? Or are there fancy "dialogs"? This feels like Vim, but with some strange plugin that provides a "menu". I'd think why not just jump ahead and ditch the quasi-GUI and just learn some shortcuts? Honestly not trying to be difficult here. I want to understand the mindset, because you are definitely not alone.
tiffanyh 3y ago
Love the simplicity yet functionality.
sghiassy 3y ago
Love the passion and enthusiasm behind this project. Keep it up!
- tconbeer 3y ago
  Thank you!
bdcravens 3y ago
Very complete IDE - would be very useful for other RDBMSes.
- tconbeer 3y ago
  Thanks! Hopefully coming to v2 ... https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230 https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230
lazzlazzlazz 3y ago
I love this and will definitely try it out! Although I admit I'm a little puzzled when people simultaneously want to do a TUI but also design things so there is generous (excessive, actually) whitespace around everything to create the illusion of "minimalism" or "comfort". It's a TUI! It should be buzzing with numbers, packed with information, sparing with space and using every pixel possible. btop[1] is a great example imo — one of the best. [1]: https://github.com/aristocratos/btop https://github.com/aristocratos/btop
- leoh 3y ago
  > It should be buzzing with numbers, packed with information, sparing with space and using every pixel possible. No. It should be useful, and if it’s not “buzzing with numbers” and causing me a seizure, well, thank fucking God. If you want something like that, go write it yourself. I, for one, find the folks writing quiet terminal interfaces to be a massive relief and a tremendous respite from the madness of our seemingly increasingly incoherent, incompetent, and distracting world.
- tconbeer 3y ago
  Thanks for the feedback; gotten some of the same here. I've tried to be really thoughtful about using space and getting value out of every pixel. There are some features in Harlequin that make it nice on small screens, even with the padding: 1. Scrolling is supported in every widget 2. You can show or hide the left side bar with ctrl+b or F9 3. You can enter "full screen mode" in the query editor or results viewer with F10 Beyond the main screen, the interface could be more compact. Especially the export and help modals. I'm considering tweaks to the design.
erksa 3y ago
Love the SVG's for showing of themes. How are those generated?
- tconbeer 3y ago
  Textual provides a utility for screenshotting apps. I loop over a list of themes and take the screenshots. You can see the code for that here: https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/blob/e666319b7a964f026dd54e59d40bc0c6b566ef69/src/scripts/export_screenshots.py https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/blob/e666319b7a964f026...
  - erksa 3y ago
    Thanks!
sspiff 3y ago
Perhaps slightly off topic, but I'm not familiar with DuckDB. I don't really understand what it is for, and their site is doesn't really explain it well either. What is the advantage of using this instead of something well-proven and battle tested like an in memory SQLite database?
- victorbjorklund 3y ago
  DuckDB is a columnar db and focused on analysis queries. So it is more optimized for those workflows. Of course for many things sqlite is fine but if you have a really large db with complex queries duckdb should be faster.
  - filleokus 3y ago
    DuckDB also compresses the data. I've ingested ≈ 1 TB of apache-like access logs into a duckdb file that was small enough to load completely into ram on my local machine (like 10-15 GB). It was blazingly fast to query over. (The large spark cluster was still ingesting the data when I was done with my analysis, only working on my local laptop)
aargh_aargh 3y ago
I don't mean to minimize the effort and contribution of this project in any way, and I understand the author is scratching their own itch, but I'm curious why this is specific to DuckDB? From skimming the homepage, it has generic querying capabilities. Isn't there a generic DB driver that can be swapped out and the TUI used on top of another DBMS?
- mavam 3y ago
  Apache Arrow recently introduced ADBC for this.
- niels_bom 3y ago
  I quite like the dbcli.com family of TUI DBMS tools. I personally use pgcli a lot.
- tconbeer 3y ago
  DuckDB provides some really nice python APIs that other databases don't have, so it was a very easy way for me to get started. I'm considering/planning extending to other DBs using plugins. More info here: https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230 https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230
wodenokoto 3y ago
Kinda off topic but how do I install these pip sourced command line applications such that they are available regardless of which virtual environment I am using?
- duckmysick 3y ago
  As mentioned in Getting Started, with `pipx`: `pipx install harlequin` From the pipx documentation: > This automatically creates a virtual environment, installs the package, and adds the package's associated applications (entry points) to a location on your PATH. It makes the command available globally, but sandboxes the package in its own virtual environment. https://github.com/pypa/pipx https://github.com/pypa/pipx

309 points by billowycoat 3y ago

pjot 3y ago

This looks great! I’ve been using Motherduck for a while now, glad to see more things being built with it in mind.

tschellenbach 3y ago

what are the benefits of DuckDB?

pacbard 3y ago
It’s similar to sqlite but can open multiple file formats.
deleted 3y ago
[deleted]
maxmcd 3y ago
it’s like a columnar store sqlite, better performance for analytical data
hobs 3y ago
I like it for writing easy sql locally transforming data frames without having to think too hard about it.
chrisjc 3y ago
Databases can usually be split into one of two types; OLTP (row-based) or OLAP (columnar). OLTPs are used mostly for transactional workloads whereas OLAP is mostly used for analytics. Here goes... Take 1: sqlite is to Postgres, what duckdb is to Snowflake/BigQuery. Take 2: In a similar way that sqlite is an in-process/memory OLTP, duckdb is an in-process/memory OLAP. I should mention some caveats/exceptions/notes about my statements above: - there are OLAP projects out there that use Postgres as their basis. - HTAPs are DBs that allow you to define tables as either row-based or columnar. - duckdb works with sqlite tables, and its SQL is heavily based on postgres SQL - duckdb 0.9.0 is being released next week :) - It seems duckdb is poised to become an almost ubiquitous component of the analytical stack. Apache Iceberg, dbt, ...
bdcravens 3y ago
In addition to the other examples given, it's a quick way to run sql commmands against a CSV, and lets you quickly export to Parquet as well run queries against Parquet files. If you're going to be using Parquet but want to run some quick tests (think setting up an Athena database) it's nice to do it ad hoc rather than having to setup a full ETL process first.

quadrature 3y ago

If anyone here is using DuckDB in production i'd love to hear what your stack looks like over the entire lifecycle of extract->transform->load.

zlurker 3y ago
We orchestrate our ETL pipelines with dagster. We only use duckdb in a few of them but are slowly replacing pandas etls with it. For some of our bigger jobs we use spark instead. Essentially it's: 1. Data sources from places such as s3, sftp, rds 2. Use duckdb to load most of these with only extensions (I dont believe there's one for sftp, so we just have some python code to pull the files out.) 3. transform the data however we'd like with duckdb. 4. convert the duckdb table to pyarrow 5. Save to s3 with delta-rs FWIW, we also have this all execute externally from our orchestration on an EC2 instance. This allows us to scale vertically.
- quadrature 3y ago
  This is very cool!. Last time I checked duckdb didn't have the concept of a metastore so do you have an internal convention for table locations and folder structure ?. What do you use for reports/visualizations? notebooks ?.
  - zlurker 3y ago
    Yeah, dagster has a concept of metadata and assets so we have some code that'll map dagster's own logical representation to physical s3 locations. Reports and viz varies a lot, the finance department uses tableau where as for more 'data sciencey' stuff we normally just use notebooks.
    - quadrature 3y ago
      Hadn't heard of that dagster feature, thats really cool.
tconbeer 3y ago
It's great as: 1. An ephemeral processing engine. For example, I have a machine learning pipeline where I load data into a DataFrame, and then I can use DuckDB to execute SQL on my DataFrame (I prefer both the syntax and performance to Pandas). 2. A data lake processing engine. DuckDB makes it very easy to interact with partitioned files. 3. A lightweight datastore. I have one ETL pipeline where I need to cache the data if an API is unavailable. I just write the DataFrame to a DuckDB database that is on a mounted network filesystem, and read it back when I need it.

NortySpock 3y ago

This looks super handy, I will definitely take a moment to try it out. For those asking what DuckDB is: columnstore databases like DuckDB may be slower at data ingestion, but are very quick at multi-GB sums, counts, and aggregations.

Scarbutt 3y ago

Is there something like this for XML?

tconbeer 3y ago

Hi everyone! I made this. Tried posting it to Show yesterday, glad this thread is getting more momentum! For the past four months I've been working (part-time, this is OSS after all) on Harlequin, a SQL IDE for DuckDB that runs in your terminal. I built this because I work in Data, and I found myself often reaching for the DuckDB CLI to quickly query CSV or Parquet data, but then hitting a wall when using the DuckDB CLI as my queries got more complex and my result sets got larger. Harlequin is a drop-in replacement for the DuckDB CLI that runs in any terminal (even over SSH), but adds a browsable data catalog, full-powered text editor (with multiple buffer support), and a scrollable results viewer that can display thousands of records. Harlequin is written in Python, using the Textual framework. It's licensed under MIT. Yesterday I released v1.0.0: you can try it out with `pip install harlequin`, or visit https://harlequin.sh https://harlequin.sh for docs and other info.

ayhanfuat 3y ago
Lovely tool. I'll certainly try it out. The code fragments in the documentation seem to be not selectable, though (or maybe it is not highlighting correctly).
- tconbeer 3y ago
  it's an issue with the highlight color. I'll get that fixed shortly.
inshadows 3y ago
[dead]
avinassh 3y ago
This looks very cool! how is autocomplete feature implemented?
- tconbeer 3y ago
  Right now there is no autocomplete inside the text editor, but that will be added soon. DuckDB itself provides an extension that adds a table function that can be queried for completions like so: select * from sql_auto_complete( 'select ra' )

jamestimmins 3y ago

Absolutely love the logo. I'd like to see more projects/startups choosing logos/themes with this level of personality. Project looks rad too, but I'm just here to appreciatively bike shed.

zokier 3y ago

I'm not in love with this style of UI design in terminals: https://harlequin.sh/_app/immutable/assets/export.a0e81d27.png https://harlequin.sh/_app/immutable/assets/export.a0e81d27.p... Every item in the form takes 4 lines (I think?) whereas in more traditional curses UI they would be packed to one line per item, the scrollbar could have easily been avoided here. Smaller nitpick but that style of toggle switches is also form over function; I'd find traditional [X] far more clear/less ambiguous

tconbeer 3y ago
fair feedback!
rochak 3y ago
+1. Lazygit is one of the few tools that does the TUI just right. Super functional UI + Easy discoverability = Chef's kiss.
- tconbeer 3y ago
  TIL about LazyGit. Looks excellent. Thanks for the tip, and the UI feedback
  - ElCapitanMarkla 3y ago
    Don’t forget lazydocker if you use docker
queuebert 3y ago
Agree. The best curses interfaces make liberal use of highlighting and color, rather than box drawing characters, which take up too much real estate. Besides lazygit, which rocks, I would even point to the old DOS versions of MS Word, which had popups that were information dense but readable.
- ptman 3y ago
  Color can be tricky too. Colorblind or bad contrast. Terminals do bold, italic, underline and strikethrough.

DesiLurker 3y ago

I need this but for C++, I kinda miss the old borland turbo C++ ide. mostly what I care about is terminal access and code navigation but other than some vim + plugins monstrosity I cant find any.

whobre 3y ago
There’s Motor, but I don’t know if the project is still being maintained. https://github.com/rofl0r/motor https://github.com/rofl0r/motor
malloc-0x90 3y ago
Same. Thousands text editors, but not a single IDE. And they all get SO close, just give a look to SetEdit screenshots: https://setedit.sourceforge.net/ https://setedit.sourceforge.net/ I don't know if it can be of any help for you, but at the moment on the terminal I mostly use: - Tilde: https://github.com/gphalkes/tilde https://github.com/gphalkes/tilde - Textadept: https://github.com/orbitalquark/textadept https://github.com/orbitalquark/textadept Or "Geany IDE" on desktop environment (while waiting for lapce.dev to get better), I tend to stay away as much as possible from VS Codium, but everyone else seems to love it and already forgot about Atom, few seems to realise how Microsoft really is. Maybe the plot twist is that you have to accept in your heart that "writing text on anything, is the real IDE", and transcend to writing on nano!
- SanderNL 3y ago
  A rich text-based UI feels like it has all the downsides of a GUI while substantially lacking the upsides. For example, Tilde. It seems nice and maybe it has nice features, but what about these features is so highly dependent on being accessible through a "menu"? Do you reach for the "menu" all the time? Or are there fancy "dialogs"? This feels like Vim, but with some strange plugin that provides a "menu". I'd think why not just jump ahead and ditch the quasi-GUI and just learn some shortcuts? Honestly not trying to be difficult here. I want to understand the mindset, because you are definitely not alone.

tiffanyh 3y ago

Love the simplicity yet functionality.

sghiassy 3y ago

Love the passion and enthusiasm behind this project. Keep it up!

tconbeer 3y ago
Thank you!

bdcravens 3y ago

Very complete IDE - would be very useful for other RDBMSes.

tconbeer 3y ago
Thanks! Hopefully coming to v2 ... https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230 https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230

lazzlazzlazz 3y ago

I love this and will definitely try it out! Although I admit I'm a little puzzled when people simultaneously want to do a TUI but also design things so there is generous (excessive, actually) whitespace around everything to create the illusion of "minimalism" or "comfort". It's a TUI! It should be buzzing with numbers, packed with information, sparing with space and using every pixel possible. btop[1] is a great example imo — one of the best. [1]: https://github.com/aristocratos/btop https://github.com/aristocratos/btop

leoh 3y ago
> It should be buzzing with numbers, packed with information, sparing with space and using every pixel possible. No. It should be useful, and if it’s not “buzzing with numbers” and causing me a seizure, well, thank fucking God. If you want something like that, go write it yourself. I, for one, find the folks writing quiet terminal interfaces to be a massive relief and a tremendous respite from the madness of our seemingly increasingly incoherent, incompetent, and distracting world.
tconbeer 3y ago
Thanks for the feedback; gotten some of the same here. I've tried to be really thoughtful about using space and getting value out of every pixel. There are some features in Harlequin that make it nice on small screens, even with the padding: 1. Scrolling is supported in every widget 2. You can show or hide the left side bar with ctrl+b or F9 3. You can enter "full screen mode" in the query editor or results viewer with F10 Beyond the main screen, the interface could be more compact. Especially the export and help modals. I'm considering tweaks to the design.

erksa 3y ago

Love the SVG's for showing of themes. How are those generated?

tconbeer 3y ago
Textual provides a utility for screenshotting apps. I loop over a list of themes and take the screenshots. You can see the code for that here: https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/blob/e666319b7a964f026dd54e59d40bc0c6b566ef69/src/scripts/export_screenshots.py https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/blob/e666319b7a964f026...
- erksa 3y ago
  Thanks!

sspiff 3y ago

Perhaps slightly off topic, but I'm not familiar with DuckDB. I don't really understand what it is for, and their site is doesn't really explain it well either. What is the advantage of using this instead of something well-proven and battle tested like an in memory SQLite database?

victorbjorklund 3y ago
DuckDB is a columnar db and focused on analysis queries. So it is more optimized for those workflows. Of course for many things sqlite is fine but if you have a really large db with complex queries duckdb should be faster.
- filleokus 3y ago
  DuckDB also compresses the data. I've ingested ≈ 1 TB of apache-like access logs into a duckdb file that was small enough to load completely into ram on my local machine (like 10-15 GB). It was blazingly fast to query over. (The large spark cluster was still ingesting the data when I was done with my analysis, only working on my local laptop)

aargh_aargh 3y ago

I don't mean to minimize the effort and contribution of this project in any way, and I understand the author is scratching their own itch, but I'm curious why this is specific to DuckDB? From skimming the homepage, it has generic querying capabilities. Isn't there a generic DB driver that can be swapped out and the TUI used on top of another DBMS?

mavam 3y ago
Apache Arrow recently introduced ADBC for this.
niels_bom 3y ago
I quite like the dbcli.com family of TUI DBMS tools. I personally use pgcli a lot.
tconbeer 3y ago
DuckDB provides some really nice python APIs that other databases don't have, so it was a very easy way for me to get started. I'm considering/planning extending to other DBs using plugins. More info here: https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230 https://github.com/tconbeer/harlequin/issues/230

wodenokoto 3y ago

Kinda off topic but how do I install these pip sourced command line applications such that they are available regardless of which virtual environment I am using?

duckmysick 3y ago
As mentioned in Getting Started, with `pipx`: `pipx install harlequin` From the pipx documentation: > This automatically creates a virtual environment, installs the package, and adds the package's associated applications (entry points) to a location on your PATH. It makes the command available globally, but sandboxes the package in its own virtual environment. https://github.com/pypa/pipx https://github.com/pypa/pipx