13 ms·

False memory implantation in adults is easy

• jtbayly 4y ago
  Try to Remember: Psychiatry's Clash over Meaning, Memory, and Mind by Paul R. McHugh is a great book on this topic. It also exposes the damage that many counselors do in this context.
• thatmarkdykeman 4y ago
  Original title: Sins of Memory
  • chris_wot 4y ago
    There's a typo in this title anyway. It's "is", not "us".
    • wongarsu 4y ago
      I didn't notice that typo (or more likely: immediately corrected it in my mind and forgot about it by the time the comments opened), so I'll just take that typo as a meta commentary on memory; or maybe the submitter trying to create a Mandela effect where different people remember the title differently :)
    • irrational 4y ago
      Thanks. I noticed the typo, but for some reason couldn’t figure out the correct word.
• SamBam 4y ago
  In another study, family members of research subjects provided the experimenters with childhood photos of the subjects, and the experimenters photoshopped one image into a hot air balloon ride. [1] Over the course of a few interviews where the subjects tried to recall memories related to the photos, half of the participants developed clear, or partially clear, false memories of the hot air balloon, despite it never having happened, and adding invented details that they truly believed. When the photos were revealed to be faked, many of them were flabbergasted, having convinced themselves that it had happened. 1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03196318 https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/BF03196318
  • bombcar 4y ago
    The Mandela effect is likely a variation on this. Our memories are much worse than we think they are. Anyone who has ever dealt with eyewitness testimony knows this, and that's immediate memory.
    • pessimizer 4y ago
      "The Mandela Effect" was a literal psychic medium saying that some people lived in a different dimension in their earlier lives, and also the weirdest excuse for people who didn't care about South Africa or Apartheid to explain their lack of knowledge about what happened there after the got the basics in grammar school.
      • mc32 4y ago
        The Mandela effect is a form of false memory and often involves confabulation. This often happens with people discussing movies and misattributing actors or scenes to contemporary but different films or actors, etc. It also happens with real life events.
      • TallGuyShort 4y ago
        That may be how the term was coined, but that is not the common usage in my experience. Simply Googling 'Mandela Effect' will yield many examples of widespread misconceptions and false memories that you can easily verify with a few peers. Just because one explanation is implausible doesn't mean the effect isn't real. False memories are pretty common. I've noticed that I can vividly recall experiences in other countries but my memory has altered itself to match the side of the road I'm currently used to driving on, and have confirmed this experience with others.
        • bombcar 4y ago
          That last part is a really good example to use for people who have switched countries.
    • niom 4y ago
• xwdv 4y ago
  I’ve always felt like we need a more formal technology for implanting false memories. In the millennial generation, many people will probably live shitty lives and will never be able to afford things such as a home, kids, travel or retirement. Perhaps the humane thing to do would be to implant happy memories when they are on their deathbed, so they could die peacefully remembering the good times they were never able to achieve.
  • hirundo 4y ago
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Can_Remember_It_for_You_Wholesale https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Can_Remember_It_for_You_Who...
  • AlecSchueler 4y ago
    Not sure if you're serious or joking? Surely the effort would be better spent to genuinely increase quality of life.
    • renewiltord 4y ago
      Well, genuinely increasing QoL requires me to convince a large mass of people. Developing this technology only needs progress against nature. The former problem is generally intractable for me.
      • coldtea 4y ago
        That's like solving the problem of not having a meaningful relationship (and sex) with watching porn. It's a substitute alright. It's also not a solution, just a crutch.
        • AlecSchueler 4y ago
          Saw that you got downvoted for your metaphor. I'm not surprised as HN is extremely defensive of porn, which I guess makes sense, sadly, given the demographics. But I wanted to go out of my way to say thank you for speaking against it.
• photochemsyn 4y ago
  I think this could serve as a good description of what 'gaslighting' refers to: > "Setting it up means: you need a good storyline, and you must use (fake) social proof provided by trusted others during conversation. The trusted others can be friends, parents, authority figures; the to-be-implanted memory can be a significant event - in the case below, a falsified criminal event." One obvious defense againt this dark art is to simply not trust anyone, ever - but this approach has consequent repercussions, such as the inability to form normal social bonds with others (as all social relationships entail a certain degree of trust). Possibly, a revival of 'memory palace' approaches, which involve deliberately training and improving one's memory, would result in built-in resistance to this kind of manipulation.
  • PuppyTailWags 4y ago
    It's very hard to develop a built-in resistance to this kind of manipulation, except for one very strong thing: people who are likely to gaslight you are likely to not respect your boundaries because gaslighting is a form of boundary violation. The other one is to have a robust support network of the kind of people who respect your boundaries. Those behaviors are correlated with identifying when someone is trying to gaslight and warning you. This is particularly helpful when you are already vulnerable due to poor social intelligence, trauma from previous abuse, or otherwise in a vulnerable moment (tired, inebriated, angry or upset, etc).
    • TheMightyLlama 4y ago
      If gas lighting is a form of boundary violation, and I’m stretching here, could it be classified as mind-rape?
      • ntonozzi 4y ago
        No, there are plenty of ways to violate a boundary besides rape.
      • PuppyTailWags 4y ago
        No; additionally, the conflation of rape with all boundary violation also makes it less likely for people who are victims to identify when they're being abused because abuse takes way more forms than sexual violence. Please consider the implications of such.
• spaetzleesser 4y ago
  I have even implanted false memories into myself. There was an event in my childhood where I told my parents that my sister hadn’t told me something although she had. We discussed this event almost 40 years later and I totally believed that she hadn’t told me. Only later I remembered “oh wait. She actually told me but I lied about”.
  • verisimi 4y ago
    This is interesting and I think you can heal past traumas with a variation of this. So, if you remember a haunting event that you think may impact you even today, but then play it out how you want it to (ie vividly re-imagine as you would have liked it to be, or where you respond as you would now) then your present mental processing can be released from the malingering effects of the trauma. This is the most powerful technique for mental healing I know.
• bjt2n3904 4y ago
  I read through their methods. I literally can't conceive how this is possible outside of incredibly weak minded people, or extended periods of physical and mental abuse.
  • pflenker 4y ago
    It’s actually easy. Just meet up with old friends, talk about ages long past and inject a meaningless, completely fabricated detail into your version of the story. Wait a bit, then meet again and do the same. Someone will bring up said detail and others will agree to it, most likely not even remembering that this detail did not actually happen and that they first heard about it from you, only very recently. The crucial point here is that they will actually remember it wrong.
    • bjt2n3904 4y ago
      I've done this, though not intentionally. My friends puzzle with me for a moment, until one of three things happen: 1) We remember the event correctly, 2) I realize that I confused it with something else, or 3) I/we decide all of our memories are too poor to recall the event, and drop the matter. Edit: I've also had an employer press me quite hostilely about an event we remembered differently, as well -- and we were unable to reconcile with things like email. I simply refuse to say something that isn't true, or affirm something that I'm truly uncertain about.
      • cwillu 4y ago
        4) We remember the event incorrectly, which is indistinguishable from 1) without outside corroboration
        • bjt2n3904 4y ago
          I'll agree this is functionally indistinguishable from us remembering correctly, but we quickly veer into "if a tree falls into the forest, and no one is there to hear it" territory. Whatever claim you have that this happens is as equally valid as my claim that it has not. However, in my thirty some years, never has anyone come back to correct anything more than a minor detail. Not something major like, "actually, we all got arrested that night, we didn't get away".
• psychphysic 4y ago
  The memory implant topic has not interested me much but.. We might have worked out how to erase memories [0] (we already had some idea how to block them)[1]. How do people not talk about this more!? [0] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362759/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24362759/ [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3692719/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3692719/
  • cwillu 4y ago
    Welcome to the Antimemetics Division. No, this is not your first day. --https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/antimemetics-division-hub https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/antimemetics-division-hub
    • psychphysic 4y ago
      Heh took me a minute to get it.
  • boomboomsubban 4y ago
    Memory loss is one of the reasons electroshock/electroconvulsive therapy isn't common, plus people aren't overly keen to give themselves a seizure to erase memories.
    • psychphysic 4y ago
      Depends on the memory surely, and who wants it erased from whom?
      • aliqot 4y ago
        I can imagine scenarios where some painful or disturbing memories would be a negative part of every day life, but I worry that 'what is to be erased' is not necessarily one of the parameters we can define clearly.
  • drak0n1c 4y ago
    The new show "The Terminal List" talks about it and uses such as a plot device (as a PTSD prophylactic).
• belkarx 4y ago
  Excerpt from the wikipedia page that summarizes the relevant experiments: Published studies The first formal studies using memory implantation were published in the early 1990s, the most famous being "The Formation of False Memories" (commonly referred to as the "Lost in the Mall" study) by Loftus and Pickrell.[1] The basic technique used in this study involved asking family members of a participant to provide narratives of events that happened when they were young and then add another event that definitely had not happened. The participants saw these four narratives and were told to try to remember as much as possible about each event. Across a number of studies using memory implantation, about 37% of people have come to remember parts of or entire events that never actually happened.[4] Other studies have expanded on this paradigm by introducing photos instead of narratives. Wade and colleagues found that 50% of people came to remember details of a hot air balloon ride that never happened, after seeing a manipulated photo depicting the event.[5] Later it has been argued that photos by themselves do not produce more false memories than narratives, but that both methods have the power to successfully implant false memories.[6] Real photos have also been found to increase the creation of false memories. In a study by Lindsay and colleagues people were shown a childhood photo from the same time period as the false event. Seeing the photo resulted in more false memories, even when the photos did not depict the actual event.[7] In a study with children 1999 Pezdek and Hodge found that it was easier to implant a memory of a plausible event (being lost in a mall) than an implausible one (receiving a rectal enema).[8] Later follow up studies, however, show that the perceived plausibility of a false event can be changed, making the false event easier to implant.[9][10] Taken together, these findings show that there are many factors that are important for the way people remember events. Mazzoni et al. also suggest a model for the development of false memories through suggestions which model includes 3 processes.[10] The first process is to make people perceive the event as plausible, the second is to make people believe it is likely to have happened to them and the third step is to help people interpret thoughts and fantasies about the event as memories. Other factors influencing the likelihood of producing false memories include imagining the events and making a source-monitoring error, specifically reality monitoring.[11] Legal case A real life example of memory implantation occurred during the criminal case against Paul Ingram. Ingram was accused by his daughters of recurring sexual abuse in their childhood. Ingram denied all allegations at first but after being interviewed by police and therapists he came to remember multiple instances of abuse. Sociologist Richard Ofshe considered this confession a result of suggestive questioning and decided to test his theory. He told Ingram about a made-up scenario and said it was another accusation made by his children. Ofshe asked Ingram to try and remember as much as possible about this new event. Ingram could not recall anything straight away but after thinking about it for some time came up with a written confession where he described in detail what had happened. His children confirmed to Ofshe that the event had never actually happened; Ingram had created an entirely false memory of an event after suggestions from Ofshe. Ofshe considered this successful memory implantation evidence of Paul Ingram's suggestibility and in his opinion it questions the accuracy of Ingram's other confessions.[12] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_implantation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_implantation)
• wing-_-nuts 4y ago
  My memory of my childhood is terrible. I just have little 'flashbulb' memories, and they mostly seem to be of the worst moments. I've read that recalling memories will change them, and for some reason those just happen to be the memories that come to me late at night when I'm trying to sleep. I often wonder how those memories have changed in my mind as a result of me getting stuck on them. I don't recall ruminating over those events in childhood, so maybe they weren't as bad as I remember and my negativity is slowly twisting them into something worse than they actually were. I feel like I'm a little ungrateful because I have so few good memories of that time and my parents couldn't have really been that bad.
  • amanaplanacanal 4y ago
    I identify with this so much. Brains are weird.
  • number6 4y ago
    I can relate. My parents weren't that bad but that are some pretty nasty memories hanging around. And besides them nothing much other. I just try not to remember.
  • sharkweek 4y ago
    This is super common. It’s very normal to remember the “bad” stuff (and turn them into worse memories than they really were) because of how our brains are wired to try and avoid said “bad stuff.” All my earliest memories are traumatic in the sense that it was something bad that happened in a very visceral way, e.g., being stung by a bee in my back yard, falling off of a tire swing, the basement door closing behind me and being locked in it for maybe 30 seconds (but my memory is that it was forever). I had the same feelings as you but then in therapy learned how normal it is and that helped a lot.
  • WanderPanda 4y ago
    For me it is the complete opposite, I only remember the good memories and feel nostalgic all the time, thinking everything was better and I was happier 1/2/5/10/15 years ago
  • 4y ago
• btilly 4y ago
  False memories can have major legal consequences. See https://www.wired.co.uk/article/false-memory-syndrome-false-confessions-memories https://www.wired.co.uk/article/false-memory-syndrome-false-... for some examples. It was particularly bad some 30 years ago when "recovered memory therapy" was popular. Which was a type of therapy designed to create false memories, particularly of abuse. The events remembered might be false, but the pain and trauma from the memories was emphatically real. For me, personally, this was a source of frustration. I came from a family with actual abuse. But when I went to read up on abuse, the literature at that time was dominated by accounts from those with "recovered memories". And what they described and went through looked absolutely nothing like my experience. Since learning how easily memories can be implanted, I came up with a simple litmus test to tell the false apart from the true for sexual abuse. People with recovered memories have memories that feel like they would expect. Very simple and stark emotions. By contrast people who have been through abuse have much more complex backgrounds that contain things that non-abused people wouldn't expect. For example abused children do not look at events with adult eyes and mark this as wrong. Instead at the time children try to accept events as normal, and wind up with a very confused picture of the world. For anyone who wants a picture of how it actually looks from a child's eyes, I highly recommend my sister's book, https://www.amazon.com/Singing-Songs-Meg-Tilly/dp/0929636627 https://www.amazon.com/Singing-Songs-Meg-Tilly/dp/0929636627. (I was the baby who winds up taken by "Richard" at the end of the book.)
  • int_19h 4y ago
    The scary thing is that most of the people involved in manufacturing those scandals are still around peddling the same stuff. It remains marginal now, but I could totally see it making a resurgence on another moral panic wave in the future.
  • arbitrage 4y ago
    You are so right about the consequences of memory recovery. Shared contexts like yours have helped me over the years come to terms with the fact that my memories are in fact not recovered (by which I mean 'recovered' in the problematic use of the word you're describing). I've been torn about whether or not "I made it up" for my entire life. The weird popular trend of "recovered memory therapy" is/was real, and indeed muddies the waters. Your litmus test resonates with me. I hope you read this and know you've helped at least one person. I'm sorry you went through what you did.
• chiefalchemist 4y ago
  The brain is a strange and complicated instrument. It can be fooled more easily than most of us want to know. The book "The Brain that Changes Itself" sites a number of examples that often border on the bizarre. https://www.amazon.com/Brain-That-Changes-Itself-Frontiers/dp/0143113100/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= https://www.amazon.com/Brain-That-Changes-Itself-Frontiers/d...
• mod 4y ago
  I always think about one memory I have that might not be true. I was very young--3 years old--and I have relatively vivid (visual) memories. But, it was a life-and-death circumstance, maybe that matters. I fell off the dock while fishing. My dad was 20 or 30 yards away. I remember being underwater, I remember the water being stained green a bit, I remember seeing fish I was used to catching (perch), and most importantly, I remember how it feels to be lifted up by your scalp. My dad just grabbed my hair in one hand and lifted me straight up out of the water vertically. You would think it hurts, but it doesn't--at least at the weight of a 3 year old. The event for sure happened, I'm just not convinced I didn't create a specific memory later--maybe when I was 9 or 10.
  • VoodooJuJu 4y ago
    >I remember seeing fish I was used to catching This didn't happen. The second you splash into that water, they're gone, far enough away from the crash at least that they csn't be spotted by foggy vision in dark green water.
    • artogahr 4y ago
      Couldn't it be that his brain only fabricates that part of the memory, to fill in the blanks of panic period of being underwater?
      • mod 4y ago
        I do think that my brain may have fabricated that part. It's the fishy part--pun intended. I have never been picked up again by my scalp, so I think that's decent reason to believe the memory of the physical sensation is pretty accurate. There's not a lot else to the memory.
    • mod 4y ago
      I tend to agree, however depending on the size of fish and some other factors, many don't scare off very far. I don't think it's definitive. (I'm an avid fisherman despite the dock fall!) I'm not actually familiar with perch as an adult. I last caught one when I was maybe 8 years old. After googling, I believe they were "yellow perch" (caught in northern Indiana)
• david422 4y ago
  Check out this episode by mentalist Derren Brown https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEmCQzueyEQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sEmCQzueyEQ where he sits down with the actor Simon Pegg and - from the description - "Derren convinces Simon Pegg that he wants a BMX bike for his birthday" It's really fascinating what happens - how malleable the human brain is - and the video also goes through how Derren did it. Worth a watch if that stuff is interesting to you.
  • _mhr_ 4y ago
    He's swapping billets and claiming the swapped billet is what Simon originally wrote. Simon is amazed because he was just told he would find himself confused, and he is, since the fake billet is written in his handwriting (forged). Which is the simpler explanation, sleight of hand and handwriting forgery, or hypnotic memory implantation spanning several days?
    • emmelaich 4y ago
      To be clear, you're suggesting that's the case, but that's not suggested by anything in the video.
      • _mhr_ 4y ago
        I'm suggesting, yes, as someone who was interested in magic tricks growing up.
    • david422 4y ago
      Swapping billets doesn't add up. Derren talked to Simon on the phone with instructions to sign it and make sure no-one steals or switches it, and Simon opens it on camera straight from his wallet. So to switch it someone must have met Simon, and either figured out or pushed the exact same envelope/pen/signature location that Simon used, then went and had someone forge some new note the exact same, and then met Simon _again_ and somehow switched it while somehow Simon is convinced that no one has had access. This also must have happened well before the show since they already had to setup the room with BMX bike. I mean or he could have just paid Simon, the actor, to act surprised.
• zealtrace 4y ago
  My understanding is this kind of memory manipulation appears in many studies and is fairly uncontroversial. Where this gets problematic is in the natural tendency to extrapolate this to other kinds of memory discussions, particularly around those of childhood trauma. I found this paper gives a better sense of the terrain from that perspective. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.156.5.749 https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ajp.156.5.... There’s also interesting research being done using brain scans to better understand the dissociative processes that are involved in trauma related memory. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.19060647 https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2... Either way, these kinds of studies can distract from the underlying statistics, which indicate that if someone you know tells you they suspect they were abused as a child, there’s a fairly good probability they’re right. The CDC cites 1 in 4 girls in the United States as being sexually abused, for example. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childsexualabuse/fastfact.html https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/childsexualabuse/fast...
• karaterobot 4y ago
  I once described a few of my earliest memories to my mom, who politely listened and then showed me the photographs that implanted those memories in my brain. Of the five earliest "memories" I have, two of them are based on pictures of me as an infant, well before I could actually have formed memories. One of them was a thing I'd never actually done, but there was a picture of my brother doing it as a kid. I'd just seen these photos years ago, and told a story about them happening to me which had neatly and imperceptibly replaced my memory of them as photographs. I wondered when that phenomenon stopped: could it happen to me as an adult, even today? Almost certainly. Probably happens all the time.
  • not2b 4y ago
    Yes, I thought I had an early memory of 2.5 year old me sad because my tricycle broke, but it turned out that my father took an 8mm film that included this (the solid rubber tire split and came off), that we watched a number of times when I was slightly older. It felt like a real memory, but it must have been implanted.
• MomoXenosaga 4y ago
  It terrifies me thinking how many people got sent to jail over just eye witness accounts. At least my country hasn't had the death penalty since Napoleon. That is a small consolation.
• barbariangrunge 4y ago
  Everyone already knows this is a real effect, but this article doesn’t really add anything to the conversation. It doesn’t detail how these “straightforward manipulations” happen, as promised, and only links to a paywalled paper as evidence. I wonder if the author read the paper or whether they are just elaborating on the abstract?
• n65463f23_4 4y ago
  i think about this a lot with my kids. due to smartphones we have thousands of pictures of their early life, so they "remember" all these things that happened when they were 1 year old etc. because theyve seen these pictures enough times they legitimately do remember the picture at least and can recall the events, but im sure without all the pictures they would have no memory of any of it.
  • dilap 4y ago
    My earliest memories are definitely just "memories of memories" at this point. Like I can remember-what-I-remembered more than the memory itself. Not so different from remembering a photo, I think.
• WaitWaitWha 4y ago
  Steven Hassan's BITE Model is good resource for this. It is a framework to identify authoritarian control, i.e. "brain washing". The information and thought control sections are specially relevant to memory implantation. https://freedomofmind.com/cult-mind-control/bite-model/ https://freedomofmind.com/cult-mind-control/bite-model/
• samin17 4y ago
• samin17 4y ago
• BurningFrog 4y ago
  I keep hearing about this effect. I'm really starting to believe in it!
• faeriechangling 4y ago
  As somebody with recurring traumatic memories I wonder how many of them are made up. I presume some are totally fictitious and some are partially exaggerated meanwhile some actual traumatic stuff has likely been memory holed. I mostly take it as a reason to not live in the past since you can’t even trust your memories to be real. One of the spookier things I’ve realized is that it’s perfectly possible to be like the main character from momento and manipulate what you believe about the past to change your behaviour in the present. I think to some degree that’s how talk therapy works. The more deeply I think about this topic the more I lose my grasp on reality.
  • naasking 4y ago
    > The more deeply I think about this topic the more I lose my grasp on reality. The past is clouded by faulty memory, but the present has crystal clear solidity to ground you through mindfulness. Maybe you can't recall or you misremember the contents of your original post, but you can be certain you're reading a direct reply to it's contents in the words you're reading at this very moment.
• swayvil 4y ago
  Consider text fiction. Like, reading a book. Just a few kilobytes is enough to create a plausible narrative. And my brain fills in the pictures, sounds, smells etc. Manufacturing fake reality is trivial. Therefore it happens all the time.
• motohagiography 4y ago
  Planting false memories is trivial. Most of what we believe was set in ways we don't remember by people we can't place. We do it with ideology all the time. These days we call it advertising and public relations. Ask yourself how you know the things you believe, and if you can't attribute it to a specific, concrete personal and physical experience, treat it as absolutely suspect.
• xkcd1963 4y ago
  You know the article is not serious when it starts with a quote.
• jerpint 4y ago
  187 comments in this thread (as of writing), 0 on thea original blog source. Someone should write a bot that tells a user "hey! Your post is being discussed on HN $here"
• vmh1928 4y ago
  Given how suggestible people are one would expect the power of suggestion to show up elsewhere. For instance, the area of gender identity. Just like the "false memory" craze in psychology back in the 80's and 90's, today we have an army of psychologist / psychiatry / social services / (and yes, those who have identified themselves as trans something,) heavily invested in telling (young) people they are "a certain way." Someone may be searching for their identity and may not feel comfortable with the "standard" models but that doesn't mean the psy-industrial-complex is correct in saying "you are X". People are making impossible-to-reverse life-changing decisions based on the cheering section telling them "you are X," in the same way people were being sent to jail based on "repressed memories" implanted back then by the same industrial complex. There may be people who really are trans-x but it might be wiser counsel to wait for maturity before a person makes such a decision.
  • ClassyJacket 4y ago
    This is what I thought when I read this page too. I've been recently looking into what's being done to children and teenagers in the name of 'trans' and it's horrifying. Teenagers are being told the solution to their mental health problems is hormones and amputation of their reproductive organs, and many of them are regretting it. There is NO ROOM for trends and fads in medicine. None. But we're being told that scientific evidence and risk assesment are transphobic. I truly believe this to be the biggest medical scandal in decades, but speaking out about it will have you banned from social media, fired from your job, and lose your friends and family. https://twitter.com/BillboardChris/status/1577086812379820032?t=Oa9sbhomY6c7nfUpi8No_g&s=19 https://twitter.com/BillboardChris/status/157708681237982003... https://twitter.com/Lauren_Southern/status/1577755782955040768?t=FuuPIMwQAuJucbyFrLI-gA&s=1 https://twitter.com/Lauren_Southern/status/15777557829550407... https://twitter.com/isopodsocks/status/1576759512714731520?t=3XXjkCxGJvBOoaoTalOu8w&s=19 https://twitter.com/isopodsocks/status/1576759512714731520?t... https://twitter.com/TullipR/status/1536422535339941895?t=4tPW_lRwVnKZVyL4ugCTjA&s=19 https://twitter.com/TullipR/status/1536422535339941895?t=4tP...