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I collect and read old computer manuals
- deleted 5y ago[deleted]
- bartread 5y agoThis is great. I regret getting rid of my old computers and manuals. The ZX Spectrum+ manual was indeed a joy, the C64 manual less so, and the Amiga manuals were a bit boring (though a friend kindly gave me some replacements for the latter a couple of years back). Anyway, I learned to program, in BASIC of course, from the ZX Spectrum+ manual, so I'll always have a soft spot in my heart for it. It's still genuinely better than most modern technical documentation and, though it covers all the bases quite thoroughly (excluding assembly and machine code), it's not even a very long read.
- gilmore606 5y agoThis was the real C64 manual: https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/Commodore_64_Programmer%27s_Reference_Guide https://www.c64-wiki.com/wiki/Commodore_64_Programmer%27s_Re... and it was fantastic.
- KSS42 5y agoI still have mine. The C64 given away long time ago.
- svachalek 5y agoNow I'm really sad that I don't have the manual for the TI-99/4A which was the first computer I used. IIRC it's where I learned everything about both operating it and programming it, starting from nothing. It's so true that we just don't have anything like it anymore.
- genghisjahn 5y agohttps://www.digitpress.com/library/manuals/ti994a/ti%20extended%20basic.pdf https://www.digitpress.com/library/manuals/ti994a/ti%20exten...
- jes 5y agoIn the late 70s and early 80s I did a lot of programming on Texas Instruments DS/990 computer systems. The manuals for those systems were quite interesting. If you had a question, you could read the manual and swear that the manual did not answer the question. Once you figured out the answer by some other means, if you went back to the manual and read it carefully you would discover that it actually did answer the question precisely. I don’t think it was just me. Several of the people that I worked with on that project reported the same thing. I really enjoyed working on the 16 bit mini computers from Texas Instruments. They were a lot of fun.
- incanus77 5y agoI have some of the TI-99/4A stuff that I had as a kid (and a few machines), but now I notice that the hardware is notoriously undocumented. Compare to something like the TRS-80 Model 100, which has full schematics and even a book written about things like how to write 8085 assembly to get the PIO chip to buzz the buzzer[1]. I have read that TI was very un-hobbyist/tinkerer and suffered in the market as a result. For another era of stuff that I used growing up, PCs were by then complex enough (286/386/486 era) and/or commoditized enough that the systems weren't well documented. [1] https://archive.org/details/HiddenPowersOfTheTrs80Model100 https://archive.org/details/HiddenPowersOfTheTrs80Model100
- commandlinefan 5y agoOld documentation was based on the didactic principle of presenting the foundation before jumping into the specifics. Online documentation seems to forget that there's even such a thing as "foundational background".
- jvanderbot 5y agoThe best datasheets do this too. However, I'm getting quite tired of skipping the section about I2C every time. I get it, there's logical highs and logical lows and those need to happen with certain timing constraints. Still, there those pictures are, every time.
- danachow 5y agoLol, guilty - years ago I wrote a hardware manual / datasheet for a device with I2C interface. And I wrote yet another thorough I2C protocol section - and if I recall, nobody in the documentation department specifically asked for it - but all the similar datasheets did it so why not us - probably explains a lot. Did the timing diagrams in xfig.
- throwanem 5y agoYeah, but it's easy to skip once you know what it is and that you understand it already. For someone who doesn't, having it present may be vital. In my opinion, the same is true of computing - as a mentor, especially when working with folks who don't come to programming from a "typical" background, there's a lot of basic context that has to be conveyed precisely because so much of our docs assume they can leave out all the stuff that "everybody knows".
- rhn_mk1 5y agoThe worst is where you assume a vanilla implementation of some basic functionality, so you skip the explanation, but actually, there's a quirk inside that you only discover after scratching your head for a while. Newbies are lucky in this way, that they don't have even a mistaken reason to skip reading the basics.
- gnicholas 5y agoOur first computer was a Mac Plus. As a kid, I read the various system manuals from front to back, several times over. Ditto for the manuals that came with different software programs, our printer, etc. As I grew up, we got replacement computers, and I read the manuals for those too, building on the knowledge from the first computer. At some point, computers stopped coming with manuals. This seems a shame, but it's understandable since there are so many features. Any tips on how to teach kids the basics of how to use a computer? Obviously they pick up a lot of stuff by watching, but how do you give them a good foundation in what an OS is, the basics of RAM, paging, etc.?
- fathyb 5y agoVideo games can be great to introduce kids to computers and hardware. They might get interesting in building a computer to get good performance, which requires picking parts, looking at reviews and so on. You can introduce them to more advanced OS concepts like memory through hacking. It's better if you have something to show and impress. Try following a tutorial beforehand to cheat in a solo game by changing some memory values. Try something old, most modern games have protections in place. There is also the more creative aspect with modding. A kid making a map mod might begin to understand the concept of vertices, polygons, shading and so on. Shaders are an awesome too, although more advanced. ShaderToy has a nice interactive library. It's very hard to get kids into something that's not immediately gratifying. It's better to go steps by steps, let them pick interests by themselves, and support them when they want to learn more. Torrent some CAD software if they need it!
- akselmo 5y agoPartial reason why I got into programming was because games I liked had map editors and mod support. At first the basics were fine, just making levels but the more and more I did them, the more power I wanted over the mods.. And thats when I got interested in programming. :)
- bluedino 5y agoI must have read the manual to our Star dot-matrix printer about twenty times. It had BASIC source code, all kinds of examples and illustrations and even info on how the parallel port worked.
- zwieback 5y agoI remember spending hours and hours reading the manuals from my Apple ][, especially the monitor ROM listing Steve Wozniak wrote.
- shadowofneptune 5y agoHaving been too young to experience that period firsthand, those listings are a godsend when trying to work out what exactly the firmware does. The IBM PC manual doesn't even include an API table, it instead has it in the listing comments.
- kwertyoowiyop 5y agoThat’s when you knew you had the Right Stuff!
- IBCNU 5y agoYou are not alone haha
- TheOtherHobbes 5y agoDeath Star supersite for old docs is bitsavers.org. It doesn't have much consumer tech - Spectrum, Amiga, Atari, Apple - but it does have a lot of mainframe and mini manuals and docs, quite a bit of a S100 and PC, and even a few internal development and strategic memos and other historical docs from some of the major manufs. In passing - minor grammar nitpick for OP. In a couple of places you've written "than what", which is not commercial English. "Than" is better on its own.
- remoquete 5y agoNot overly concerned with being commercial, but always eager to improve my English. Suggestion applied; thanks, kind stranger!
- amatecha 5y agoWow, thanks, turns out bitsavers has firmware and information about a thin client terminal I recently was tinkering with. Neato! Actually want to contact the owner as, in the photos, the serial number of their device is 2 digits off from mine, interestingly!
- open-source-ux 5y agoI also enjoy reading old computer manuals. You can learn a lot from reading them about how to structure technical material and how to write clear explanations (without assuming the reader is an expert). Sometimes, it's even a pleasure to read old computer manuals. And who can say the same about documentation today? Here are two excellent examples of computer-related writing: Usborne 1980s Computer Books These books have been discussed a few times before here on Hacker News. Children's publisher Usborne have made available for free some classic computer books from the 1980s aimed at kids. The books use illustrations extensively to explain concepts. Not only are these books well written with clear, concise explanations, they are also more readable and enjoyable than many programming and computing books published for adults today. Anyone writing a technical guide (of any kind) would benefit from reading these as a source of ideas and inspiration: https://usborne.com/gb/books/computer-and-coding-books https://usborne.com/gb/books/computer-and-coding-books Visual Basic 3.0 Language Reference manual (1993) Every entry in the Language Reference manual is formatted in a clear structured form. It still stands as an excellent template for any programming language reference: Property name - Applies to - Description - Usage - Remarks - Data type - See also - Example Scanned PDF (16mb): http://win16.info/files/vb/3/Reference.pdf http://win16.info/files/vb/3/Reference.pdf
- _pigpen__ 5y agoThe ZX Spectrum manual reminds me of the time in the UK when you had to purchase a plug in addition to your electrical appliance. It was also the consumer’s responsibility to ensure the plug has the right fuse. (The plug you just bought probably had a 13 amp fuse fitted.)
- robert_tweed 5y agoThe Toshiba HX-10 MSX came with 2 plugs and a screwdriver. This was considered important enough to include a picture on the box, never mind the manual. https://www.msx.org/wiki/Toshiba_HX-10 https://www.msx.org/wiki/Toshiba_HX-10
- kwertyoowiyop 5y agoIn the old days, manuals had to describe EVERYTHING, because you couldn’t Google/YouTube for your questions. Thus the 500-page beasts. Quite a contrast to today, where an iPhone comes with just a teensy pamphlet that if you’re lucky has an arrow to indicate the power button, and some 4-point type telling you not to stick it in boiling water.
- SllX 5y agoApple actually has pretty thorough user guides in the Apple Books store not just for each iOS major version, but for point releases as well. The latest one is iOS 15.2. These also exist for other Apple products, but Apple could do a better job advertising them.
- radicaldreamer 5y agoAgreed! The team puts a lot of work into consumer documentation, wish their developer documentation was much better. There are so many undocumented intricacies in Swift, SwiftUI, and pretty much every framework or API Apple provides.
- gnicholas 5y agoIncredible! The guide for 15.2 is 1766 pages long. I'll definitely install on my kid's iPad for reference purposes. This is an amazing find!
- SllX 5y agoThere’s probably an iPad OS specific version too. :)
- dfox 5y agoThere is. Last christmas I had the idea to buy iPhones for my parents, side effect of that was finding out that there is 1000+ page manual for every iOS/iPadOS release which is localized for every country where the relevant thing is sold (well, there even is 200+ page manual for AirPods…)
- stephbu 5y agoWow - quite a blast from the past. I’ve not see that first page in almost 40 years.
- dekhn 5y agoTo this day I remember the "crack" noise of flipping open the spiral-bound Applesoft BASIC manual (https://archive.org/details/apple-ii-basic-programming https://archive.org/details/apple-ii-basic-programming) and even the smell (slightly musty, slightly plasticky, slightly waxy- not like any book I've held before or since). I liked it so much, I bought an Apple IIe and a copy of the manual on Ebay. It helped this old programmer remember learning to program.
- ra88it 5y agoI loved that manual too. I think we got a slightly different version with our IIGS, but I loved how inviting it was. I was probably 11, maybe 12. 15 years later in grad school I found a copy lying on a chair in a computer science classroom. I think it aged well.
- dekhn 5y agoWhen I reread it, I realized I've been programming BASIC in every computer language I used since I learned BASIC. That includes C, C++, Python, Perl, and even LISP. Well, not LISP.
- dan_hawkins 5y agoExactly the same experience and sensations with my Atari 65XE manual! https://archive.org/details/Atari65XEOwnersManual https://archive.org/details/Atari65XEOwnersManual
- clashandcarry 5y agoAtari Technical Reference Manuals and De Re Atari. Printer manuals with command reference and schematics.
- threeio 5y agoI read -every- page of my 512k macintosh owners manual cover to cover until the pages started to fall out.
- mysterydip 5y agoTangentially related, but as my hobby is game development, I love collecting old tomes of how to make different game engines in DOS. They're such a great blend of math, design, and hardware tricks.
- danachow 5y agoGood Examples? There’s the Abrash classic, and I did enjoy the Lamothe titles though they were more basic.
- mysterydip 5y agoIn addition to the above, while recent, both of Fabien Sanglard's Game Engine Black Books are excellent. Someone linked to this flight simulator book the other day on here, which I'm now on the lookout for a hard copy: https://archive.org/details/build-your-own-flight-sim-in-c-dos-game-dev-michael-radtke-chris-lampton https://archive.org/details/build-your-own-flight-sim-in-c-d... The second author of the above, Chris Lampton, also has a book on "Programming 3D maze games in C/C++": https://archive.org/details/gardensofimagina00lamp https://archive.org/details/gardensofimagina00lamp and another flight sim "flights of fantasy": https://archive.org/details/flightsoffantasy00lamp https://archive.org/details/flightsoffantasy00lamp . Further back, he has books on graphics and animation for the apple and for the atari systems.
- plasticbugs 5y agoI have a medium-sized collection of vintage 6502 assembly language books. I pick them up whenever I see them cheap. Some of the more sought after ones (like for the Atari 6502-based machines) are quite pricey.
- AlbertCory 5y agoYou and any big company patent litigation department. I was in Google's. The thing about old manuals and technology is: It's all prior art. All of it. It doesn't matter at all if it no one used it and it faded into obscurity (I see you there: OS/2, BeOS, and Magic Cap). An inventor is assumed to be familiar with every single piece of technology that was published anywhere, anytime. You build a case that some patent was anticipated or rendered obvious by X, and you've usually won. Working hardware is useful, but not essential. If someone sues you for something you're sure was done in 1980: that 1980 manual is gold.
- MaysonL 5y agoI just determined my next hobby project: a Bendix G15 emulator (basically an IDE for G15 assembly/machine language, and a REPL simulator for TTY I/O). The G15 was one of the first computers i was exposed to, and I never got to finish the one program I started to write, back in spring of 1964… The article pointed to a site where I found a G1 programmer’s reference manual!
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- breatheoften 5y agoI used to do Oceanographic research and we had a piece of equipment called a "shipboard gravimeter" originally built in the 1950s. It was basically a very sensitive spring in a gyro stabilized platform attached to a bunch of analogue circuitry and was designed to measure the strength of the gravitational field (on a moving ship). The manual for this equipment was amazing -- it literally taught you everything about the device and how it worked -- from the theory behind it to the purpose and function of each component. In some sense writing a complete manual was easier to accomplish then than an equivalent manual would be now -- the a to d circuit used in a modern implementation would likely be more complex than the whole 1950s device ... but old manuals really are of a different quality and thoroughness than anything written for a modern audience ...
- AlbertoGP 5y agoThere is a specific manual I’m looking for: “Introduction to VAX / VMS” I got the scanned copy from Archive.org but the fold-out page 1-5/1-6 is scanned folded, so you don’t get to see the whole keyboard illustration: https://archive.org/details/AA-Y500A-TE_VAX_VMS_Introduction_to_VAX_VMS/page/n13/mode/2up https://archive.org/details/AA-Y500A-TE_VAX_VMS_Introduction... I saw it in eBay Germany years ago, but I did not realize on time that I wanted and missed the chance. If someone has an original copy they’d like to send my way (at my expense of course), contact data is in my profile.
- Sosh101 5y agoManuals probably are the thing I miss most about older tech. Every electronic purchase came with a useful manual. Now even high price electronic items forgo a proper printed manual. I wish companies would value the magic a manual can add to the experience of getting to know a new piece of kit.