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Meat and mental health: Meat eaters suffer less depression, anxiety
- elevenoh 5y agoAnecdotally true IME, however morally inconvenient the source of one's meat may be.
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- amirbehzad 5y agoPerhaps because vegetarians always need to explain themselves to friends and found it frustrating?
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- johnNumen 5y agoThis is nothing but conjecture, but my suspicion is that neurotically conscientious people are more likely to become vegan, and also more likely to be depressed and anxious.
- s1artibartfast 5y agoInteresting suspicion. What atypical mind states are associated with meat eating? It would have to be a very large effect given 95‰ of the US eats meat. I think the opposite is more likely. Atypical mind states are associated with veganism and the mood disorders.
- johnNumen 5y agoTo clarify, when I said "neurotically conscientious" I was referring to two of the traits in the Big 5 personality assessment scheme--neoroticism and conscientiousness. So not an "atypical mind state" so much as an ingrained way of viewing the world. So in response to "what personality traits would you associate with meat eaters?" I would say, closer to average levels of neuroticism and conscientiousness, and hence also closer to average levels of anxiety and depression.
- s1artibartfast 5y agoSorry, I misread that as "neuotypically conscientious". What you wrote makes a lot more sense now
- sjburt 5y agoA significant portion appear to be feel threatened by (or at least, intensely concerned by) others' personal dietary habits. Paranoia? Megalomania?
- Iv 5y agoWell, if you consider animal life to be valuable, it makes sense you that consider raising cattle for food similarly to how one would consider slavery today, and be disgusted by the results of that process.
- phnofive 5y ago> 95‰ Never seen that one before - assuming it's a typo here, but this is per-mil. Neat!
- s1artibartfast 5y agoIt is a typo formed by long press on the % key with a Motorola keyboard.
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- sundvor 5y agoI don't think you're wrong. Ignorance is bliss, sometimes. If everyone had to meet the meat before their meals, we'd be able to bring consumption right down. (And by that I'd include the whole impact of cow breeding on the environment etc, right down to the execution.)
- mmcgaha 5y agoSo you think hunters and people tend livestock eat less meat?
- nautilius 5y agoNo, that’s not what sundvor says. They explicitly talk about the whole population (“everyone “), and I am pretty sure if everyone had to pull the trigger on their dinner, total meat consumption would absolutely go down, regardless of what a few hunters or farmers do.
- sundvor 5y agoYep. I've only done so once, well my brother did the shooting whilst I held the rabbit down then helped prep to skin them. Meeting the meat was also a reference to the Restaurant at the End of the Galaxy; there, the meat would kill itself. It forced the attendants higher up in the food chain to be confronted by the reality of the situation, rather than having the slice of meat simply something you get at the supermarkets in a packet. In all seriousness, by reducing the amount of meat eaten you can avoid the worst meat factories with their horrible conditions for the animals. I believe organic farming is far more ethical, and better for the planet as well (methane emissions) as for the consumers who are likely to be overweight.
- UnpossibleJim 5y agoI will say this, having known both and helped/been both. They do tend to use more of the livestock/game when eating meat than those who are separated from the process of harvesting the animal, itself. This is, of course, purely anecdotal. EDIT: My grammar game is horrible today. Sorry
- girvo 5y agoThat, and the study is straight up funded by the beef industry which makes me pretty suspect. "This study was funded in part via an unrestricted research grant from the Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association."
- CheezeIt 5y agoThe complaint I’d register with this explanation is that neurotic and conscientious are psychological buzzwords. There is certainly some truer way to describe vegans just as briefly.
- loser777 5y agoIt looks like this is a meta-analysis, and the line "Twenty studies met the selection criteria representing 171,802 participants with 157,778 meat consumers and 13,259 meat abstainers." suggests that this is a post hoc analysis so we can't rule out the most obvious confounding variable: are people who care more about externalities (e.g., as they pertain to meat eating, more likely to be depressed or anxious?
- Iv 5y agoGood point. If you are concerned with animal well-being, you are probably concerned with environmental issues as well, and it is hard to not be depressed in that case.
- CameronNemo 5y agoI read through the analysis looking for controls... no mention. I imagine some of the studies did include controls, but it us hard to see them.
- loeg 5y agoYeah, the abstract also says this, indirectly: > The current body of evidence precludes causal and temporal inferences.
- totesraunch 5y agoSeems like this has a lot more to do with the type of people who abstain from meat vs those who do--rather than the effects of eating meat. People who abstain from eating meat due to animal compassion (empathy) might be more susceptible to depression due to their empathetic disposition.
- victorronin 5y agoI am curious whether it implies causation or just correlation. I can easily explain it away with correlation. Most likely vegans will be people who are quite attuned to somebody else's (including animal) suffering. And the same empathy my guess would cause a higher level of anxiety. (All of this obviously, my guesses and I don't have any data to prove it)
- loeg 5y agoThe abstract explicitly mentions this only shows correlation in the final sentence: > The current body of evidence precludes causal and temporal inferences.
- chovybizzass 5y agoI eat a lot of meat and still suffer from depression and anxiety.
- King-Aaron 5y agoI'd say the first big thing to highlight is that correlation is not causation - you wouldn't want someone to take this study as proof that eating meat makes you less depressed. I would imagine that vegans (in particular vegans who chose their diet on ethical grounds) are overall more concerned about the state of the world around them - or are at least subjected to more of an echo-chamber effect from their peers - which would contribute to anxiety and depression?
- User23 5y agoOn the other hand, correlation is a consequence of causation. Pragmatically one can reach a plausible conclusion, despite a lack of positive verification. In my own experience, I can conclusively report that a high quality steak definitely improves my mood. Causation of emotional states is bafflingly complex, so it could be some hidden cause, but to my senses it's just that eating delicious meat feels good.
- rsj_hn 5y agoYes, a good steak is wonderful, and I like the idea of meat as self-care. It resonates with the therapeutic society[1] and might be a good ad campaign for a beef board. I'd even buy a scented candle if it smelled like ribeye. [1] https://www.nationalaffairs.com/public_interest/detail/the-therapeutic-society https://www.nationalaffairs.com/public_interest/detail/the-t...
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- seba_dos1 5y ago> delicious You got your cause right there in the open.
- cutemonster 5y ago> eating delicious meat feels good Not if you keep in mind that the animal you're eating likely got in effect tortured in an animal farm And that eating meat speeds up climate change -- creates more violent storms and wildfires, and droughts and famines, and land conflicts and migration and wars.
- generalizations 5y agoMakes me concerned about the pressure to abstain from eating meat that I've been seeing recently. I wonder if, as a species, the trend away from meat eating will be to our collective detriment.
- LeonB 5y agoDon’t let this study have any influence on you at all. It was funded by the meat industry and is a ridiculous meta analysis of studies that make no effort at all to separate cause from correlation. (I’m a meat eater - but junk science should be flagged off HN and such “scientists” should be shunned)
- issa 5y agoNot eating meat is one of the major things a person can do to reduce their carbon footprint, so I would imagine more people giving up meat would be very helpful collectively.
- bluedevil2k 5y agoBS - the steak you didn’t eat yesterday doesn’t resurrect the cow, it just gets eaten by someone else.
- SavantIdiot 5y agoSo what about the meat that gets thrown out when no one buys it, causing the stores to order less, causing the CAFOs to grow fewer head of cattle? The economics-101 concept of "supply and demand" would like a word with you...
- bluedevil2k 5y agoThe OP didn’t say it’s the best thing a society can do, he said it’s the best a PERSON can do. One person deciding not to eat meat will not fix the climate crisis.
- keyle 5y agoI'm a meat eater but I find these kind of research bound to find such result from the start. The vast majority of Vegan and vegos people (citation needed) would naturally be more conscious and sensitive than your burger munching to no-tomorrow typical guy/gal. This kind of caring for the world and information seeking mammal would be naturally more exposed to anxiety. It's bliss to be a chicken nugget munching idiot, not caring about the environment. Other opposite side of the scale, the information seeking sensitive, often misunderstood vegan is very likely to be more sensitive and overwhelmed, leading to anxiety and depression.
- crooked-v 5y agoSo how much of this is correlation with people who eat meat a lot having the money to eat meat a lot?
- exdsq 5y agoThere’s intuitively a link between people who go vegan and are more conscientious leading to higher risks of general anxiety, but that’s my conjecture.
- NoPicklez 5y agoNot to boil down a technical topic into something small, but... IMO eating meat is something that is considered a societal norm, where it is the abnormal to not eat meat at all. Generally, doing things that the rest of society also does would lead to greater outcomes in terms of fitting in and following the herd. That's not to say that doing things that society normally does won't lead to mental health impacts. But eating food is such a social aspect of our lives that we do every day, having to consider dietary impacts each time you eat with other people would surely push my anxiety up. Especially if it was driven based on principle.
- gerdesj 5y ago"In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that mental illness was the leading cause of disability worldwide" This is the intro. Wot? I have no idea who Taylor and Francis are but I'll pop them in the noddy bin for now.
- cyounkins 5y agohttps://www.who.int/news/item/30-03-2017--depression-let-s-talk-says-who-as-depression-tops-list-of-causes-of-ill-health https://www.who.int/news/item/30-03-2017--depression-let-s-t...
- TheDong 5y agoOne thing worth noting is this appears to be entirely correlation, not causation. It's possible that it is not diet, but an additional factor. For example, perhaps people who are worried about their impact on the world are more likely to be depressed and also more likely to be vegetarian/vegan. If that were the case, it's plausible that the same person, even if they ate meat, would have an identical chance of being depressed. Another thing to note is that they did not control for anything except sex. My, not totally scientific, observation is that depression and anxiety is more prevalent in people under a certain age, as is concern about the environment, as is veganism. I'd be curious if controlling for age made any difference. Maybe it's just millennials are just a both more-depressed and more-vegetarian cohort. Levels of meat consumption are also linked to location, and I think depression might be too. I'd be curious if controlling for location made any difference. Maybe people living in big cities are both more likely to be vegetarian (due to restaurants catering to more dietary preferences due to mass of people) and more likely to be depressed. I personally like the original theory I proposed. Someone who is self-conscious about their existence is more likely to be worried about the environment (especially their personal impact), is more likely to be vegetarian, and also is more likely to be depressed. I think we need either a proposed nutritional link / mechanism, or a controlled study in which people's diets were changed, to draw the conclusion the title implies.
- heavyset_go 5y agoDo any of the 20 studies analyzed in this one control for protein and fat consumption? I get the impression that some vegetarian and/or vegan diets are low in protein and fats, and those proteins and fats have different ratios of the amino and fatty acids than meat does. Vegetable and seed oils tend to be high in linoleic acid in particular and low in saturated fats. Personally, I have to make a conscious effort to add protein to my diet as someone who doesn't eat much meat and is athletic.
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- ngoel36 5y agoDisclosure: "This study was funded in part via an unrestricted research grant from the Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association."
- sova 5y agoWell that's all ya need to know now isn't it
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- Rantenki 5y agoI thought you were kidding, but I checked, and sure enough at the bottom: "This study was funded in part via an unrestricted research grant from the Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. The sponsor of the study had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report." Maybe not, but how likely is it that they'll continue funding more studies if you come back with results that don't support more beef consumption? Sorry, don't mean to be overly cynical, but <gestures around at basically everything>.
- chmod600 5y agoIf this were real science, it wouldn't matter because anyone could repro the results. But almost all of this nutritional "science" is just people in white coats messing with statistics and sounding authoritative. Goes for the "meat is good" camp and the "meat is bad" camp. (My personal belief is that only a very small amount of meat is good for your body, but having more meat is good for your brain.)
- generalizations 5y agoAs the paper described, all they did was pull available data from other studies. That's about as low a barrier to repro as you could wish - you could probably do it yourself.
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- RcouF1uZ4gsC 5y agoHow much faith do you have in nutrition science? How sure are you that they know all the vitamins, fatty acids, amino acids, etc that are important to your health? We know for sure that there are vitamins that it is pretty much impossible to get with a normal vegan diet (without either taking a supplement or consciously consuming certain foods to supplement) such as vitamin B-12. Other minerals such as iron are more bio-available when consumed as part of meat. Humans evolved as omnivores. Human nutritional needs evolved based on what an omnivore diet provided. If you think that nutrition science is at the stage where they completely understand all the macro and micro nutrients that meat provides and are confident that supplements can match that, then go for it. As for me, I don't quite have that confidence.
- shyiko 5y agoI'd suggest going over https://veganspeak.info/ https://veganspeak.info/.
- speedybird 5y agoThis page is really lame propaganda and is using the typical lazy emotionally manipulative arguments I've come to expect from vegans. For instance: >Humans are omnivores: > This is still debated in the scientific community. There’s a substantial amount of evidence pointing towards us being herbivores, or at least scavengers (like rats, who eat meat after the animal’s been killed by other predators). Scavengers that eat meat and vegetable matter are omnivores; omnivore does not imply predator. Rats are omnivores even if you don't count scavenging for some reason; they kill and eat smaller rodents and bugs. Lots of animals are scavengers, including many that don't have negative reputations as vermin; bears are a great example. Humans in the modern era also scavenge; lots of people in America eat roadkilled deer. Arguably, buying meat from a store is 'scavenging' too since somebody else killed it. In two mere sentences this 'refutation' creates a false dichotomy and tries to exploit biases against rats and scavenging. Really lame.
- cyounkins 5y agoVitamin B12 is produced by bacteria but can be obtained through meat and animal products. Historically we got plenty through unsterilized water as well. It is really the only required supplementation for vegans. If you are into the science you may like NutritionFacts.org - Dr. Greger goes DEEP into the studies and science. I'm pretty sure he's done a video on forms of iron.
- spurcell93 5y ago"People incapable of guilt usually do have a good time." - True Detective Disclaimer: I eat meat, just less these days :).
- iphonevamsi 5y agoclearly mentions "Funded by Beef Association". Sample size is 91.8% meat eaters. Clearly Biased. Be smart #GoVegan #MeatCausesCancer 1. World Health Organization - https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/cancer-carcinogenicity-of-the-consumption-of-red-meat-and-processed-meat https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/cancer-carcinogenic... 2. https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/1in3cancers/lifestyle-choices-and-cancer/red-meat-processed-meat-and-cancer/ https://www.cancercouncil.com.au/1in3cancers/lifestyle-choic...
- gjs278 5y agoenjoy eating your bugs
- temp8964 5y agoWhat did you mean "Clearly Biased"? Because the sample is unbalanced?
- iphonevamsi 5y agoFunding is unbalanced. You can find ads like "Most doctors recommend our cigarette - <brand>". All the studies are funded by the tobacco industry, says cigarettes make you stronger, healthier. Seen these several times. Why do you think World Health Organization says meat causes cancer? After reading studies from all over the world?
- joeblau 5y agoI’m just here for the confirmation bias, but seriously as others have noted this study was funded by an organization that benefits from this headline being true.
- mingabunga 5y agoMaybe related: depression related to low fat diets, and thus low amounts of cholesterol in the brain. https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2021/02/19/how-antidepressants-work-at-last https://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2021/02/19/ho...
- pitched 5y agoI really wish I could understand this better because it seems important. If I have this straight, BDNF is a thing that makes neurons grow and trk is a thing that tells the neurons they have enough fuel (cholesterol) to grow. So SSRIs are promoting neuron growth to beat depression by tricking it into thinking it has enough fuel to grow, when there probably actually isn’t?
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- jaarse 5y agoTwo of my kids are anemic (iron deficient). After meeting with a phycologist (for a different issue) this year we learned that the symptoms of iron deficiency actually mirror depression. Perhaps it’s not the beef, but the fact it’s a good source of iron?
- jiggunjer 5y agoI'm not sure about the journals on food science but impact factor 11 would be good in my field (medical). I'd expect a more rigorous statistical analysis from a retrospective meta-study.
- NDizzle 5y agoBeing able to hunt for your meat helps a lot with anxiety and mental health. I’ll be able to provide for my family when things get crazy here soon. Will you be ready?
- dqh 5y agoIt’s worth looking into the relationship between carbohydrate consumption and mental health. Many people report a significant mental health benefit from using fat rather than carbohydrates as the primary energy source. Works for me, too.
- nobody9999 5y ago>Many people report a significant mental health benefit from using fat rather than carbohydrates as the primary energy source. Works for me, too. This is anecdotal, but I recently had blood work done showing that I have high A1C[0] levels. As such, I cut out most carbohydrates and sugar from my diet. I've been maintaining this for almost three months and I have noticed no difference in my mental well being. That said, I have spoken with a number of folks who claimed that not eating meat or carbs has made them feel better. I don't have data to back it up, but I suspect it's more a result of the placebo effect than anything else. [0] https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/managing-blood-sugar/a1c.html https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/managing/managing-blood-sugar/a...
- dqh 5y ago> I've been maintaining this for almost three months and I have noticed no difference in my mental well being. Are you in ketosis? It’s in the state of sustained ketosis where the effect appears.
- nobody9999 5y ago>Are you in ketosis? It’s in the state of sustained ketosis where the effect appears. Not as far as I'm aware. But I haven't been testing for it.
- DevKoala 5y agoI noticed this anecdotally. I also noticed that people who avoid meat are more susceptible to empathizing with tons of noble causes that make someone stressed. I eat meat.
- asoneth 5y agoIt would be interesting to have studies that distinguish between ethical vegans, ethical vegetarians, and cultural/religious vegetarians. Vegetarianism has been practiced around the world by for thousands of years among Buddhists, Hindus, Jains, some Greeks, etc and there are hundreds of millions of vegetarians worldwide who avoid meat for all sorts of reasons. Some are born into cultures and religions where it is the default, others go out of their way to choose it for ethical or health reasons. As one example, if studies found different rates of depression in ethical vegetarians compared to cultural/religious vegetarians then that might be an indication that the depression is correlated with the choice to practice a non-standard diet rather than the diet itself. And when it comes to veganism, that is a smaller and more recent phenomenon. Most of the vegans I know were not raised vegan and consider being vegan to be a major part of their identity, devote significant effort and commitment to it, take supplements, and are often actively involved in some kind of animal welfare activism. Interestingly I've also heard that about three-quarters of vegans are female, which makes me suspect there may be other confounding variables.
- edge17 5y agoI would just remind people that there is a lot of talk about "when i became a vegetarian/vegan". There are many many people that did not become vegetarian, they have always been vegetarian.
- icey 5y agoAn anecdote: I have been 100% carnivore for the past two months. The last vegetable I ate was in August. I’ve eaten 10 grams of carbs in that time period (in the form of vitamin C tablets early on), and zero fiber. My anxiety levels are subjectively lower, I’ve had fewer instances of insomnia, I’ve lost 20lbs of water + fat weight while maintaining an active lifestyle (standing desk all day + running 20+ miles a week). To be honest, I feel great! Much better than I expected I would going into this experiment. Originally I set out to do this in September and October after knowing someone who did something similar, but I may stay on it, or move to a more keto diet because I miss veggies. My diet is more fat-heavy than it used to be, and certainly more meat-heavy. I used to eat red meat once or twice a month, versus once or twice a day. The lack of fiber does make for some interesting digestion, but in general it seems I’m producing less waste. What seems to be the biggest impact is FAT. Getting a lot of fat makes me feel a lot better that day. Ketosis has been great too; I can go for a two hour run, then come home and clean my apartment and run errands without feeling like I’m wrecked all day.
- phonypc 5y agoDo you actually test your blood ketones? Unless you're eating largely fat tissue straight up, rather than somewhat fatty meat, you're probably getting enough of your calories from protein that your ketones aren't particularly elevated.
- inside65 5y agoMany people have not studied nutrition, or not studied it properly, and associate fats as in lipids with fat as in being overweight when this is in fact not the case and the various types of fats are both essential and provide energy to become an active person. Like you, I run 20+ miles a week, eat beef everyday and I'm the skinniest person I know.
- benno128 5y agoThis reminds me of the research on alcohol being good for heart disease. Excerpt from Science Vs: > Eric found that drinking booze… lowered the men’s risk of a heart attack as much as exercising regularly… Which is bonkers! > So Kaye’s like: ok… all these studies are showing that those who drink have less heart disease than those who don’t… well have you ever thought… who are these non-drinkers in these studies? Like… what kind of person doesn’t drink anything? > She started looking into the studies that had been done on people who don’t drink and found something kind of shocking. Generally speaking, they were more likely to be unhealthy. > The people - who did drink… and then stopped… some scientists call them “sick quitters”... Sounds like a bad burn, but basically means they didn't stop drinking because they were running a triathlon, but because they weren’t well.
- mbg721 5y agoFor any study of meat-diet-stuff, I'd be interested in where people fall who eat meat occasionally, maybe a couple times a week or as an accent to a meal, rather than as the main focus.
- datavirtue 5y agoFiling this under "funny."
- tbwriting 5y agoSelf-proclaimed hackers: Our trades rely on rationality and facts Also self-proclaimed hackers: Let's all upvote this purely correlational study riddled with conflicts of interest because it makes us feel better about ourselves
- cupofcoffee 5y agoUpvoting doesn't mean agreeing with the study. It means it's fun to talk about, discuss and exchange opinions about the topic.
- RelaxedTree 5y agodespite being carnivore for years and reducing my anxiety and depression massively from when I was vegetarian, I think it’s best to take nutritional studies with a grain of salt unless they are clinical trials. Anecdotally meat has definitely helped me with my health in so many countless ways. However, this study can’t prove causations.
- philosopher1234 5y agoStomach problems are highly correlated to depression. People with stomach problems are probably more likely to have vegetarian diets than the normal population. Voila.
- panaffa 5y agoCalling bs as a lifelong vegeterian / vegan.
- danschumann 5y agoI don't feel bad when I eat meat ( physically bad, like tired ). It's easier to not feel mentally bad when I don't feel physically bad. Today I had way more carbs than I normally would, and I'm feeling sluggish. It is certainly having some impact on my emotional chords.
- cupofcoffee 5y agoThis is a fact and if you disagree Big Beef will come after you.
- vibrato2 5y agoThe lack of proof of causation isn’t evidence for simple correlation.
- john_moscow 5y agoWant a possible explanation? General happiness is fueled by consistently spending effort towards your long-term goals, and seeing these goals advance. Such goals must be something you can imagine, something that requires effort, and something you can more or less quantify. Savings, paying off mortgage, gardening, you name it. When you deprive people of such goals, they start looking around for other things satisfying these criteria. Veganism is spending effort towards reducing animal suffering. It's a noble goal, except it's virtually impossible to quantify. You can sort of proxy it into converting other people to your beliefs (that creates tension), or by finding products that claim to be aligned with your values, but generally you will still be less happy than someone taking care of their own farm animals and seeing them every day. And the latter type will seldom consider veganism, because they are already happy with their current goals.
- cupcake-unicorn 5y agoI'm willing to guess that any minority is going to suffer more depression than the majority, in this case meat eaters vs non meat eaters, due to the social stigma. It gets tiring having people hassle you and ask you stupid questions about your lifestyle, eating habits, cultural background, sexual orientation, and so on, which leads to, guess what, more depression and anxiety.
- istorical 5y agoCausal link or no causal link, this definitely lines up with what I've observed among people I've met. A lot of depressed and anxious folks that are vegan or vegetarian compared to the 'go to church twice a week and watch football' crowd. But it very well may be an "I'm depressed / anxious, and somehow that is linked with me wanting to become vegetarian/vegan" rather than the other direction. Either way, if I was very depressed or anxious and vegetarian or vegan, and I'd tried a lot of other interventions, I'd definitely consider the option of returning to meat like trying nutrient dense meats like organ meat (heart and liver are great) that are often thrown away or discarded because they are less marketable, or meats that are going to be trashed whether I ate them or not (expiring, or leftovers from someone else's meal? or some grocery store food donation program), and see if it gave me any respite.
- deleted 5y ago[deleted]
- rank0 5y agoA lot of people ITT make the claim that vegetarians are inherently more empathetic. I am skeptical. In my experience, vegetarians are frequently utilitarian. Empathy means understanding another person’s situation and requires placing a high value on personal relationships. Utilitarians are focused instead on global impact and large scale societal cost/benefit.
- alinhan 5y agoThis is a study where the majority of authors "have previously received funding from the Beef Checkoff, through the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association." I have way more trust in nutritionfacts.org, which says the opposite: "Studies on the emotional health and mood states of those eating plant-based diets suggest that eating less meat may not only be good for us physically, but good for us emotionally too." More here: https://nutritionfacts.org/topics/depression/ https://nutritionfacts.org/topics/depression/
- amriksohata 5y agoCorrelation is not causation, many people who are depressed and anxious, give up meat and become Veg/Vegan as they are already suffering and want to change their diet to help.