4 ms·

(1) We certainly do have formal derivations of Lorentz covariance and the Einstein field equations, given in detail here: http://wolframcloud.com/obj/wolframph

(1) We certainly do have formal derivations of Lorentz covariance and the Einstein field equations, given in detail here: http://wolframcloud.com/obj/wolframphysics/Documents/some-relativistic-and-gravitational-properties-of-the-wolfram-model.pdf http://wolframcloud.com/obj/wolframphysics/Documents/some-re... (2) The article above already discusses the derivation of the matter contribution to the Lagrangian density, the derivation of energy-momentum tensor, and Lorentz transformations for elementary particles. (3) Both Hawking radiation and black hole entropy, and connections between our formalism and the AdS-CFT correspondence, are detailed here: http://wolframcloud.com/obj/wolframphysics/Documents/some-quantum-mechanical-properties-of-the-wolfram-model.pdf http://wolframcloud.com/obj/wolframphysics/Documents/some-qu... (4) We do not yet know how to do this. (5) The quantum mechanics paper above makes, for instance, quite specific predictions about the location of stretched horizons around non-semiclassical black holes. (6) (7) This we are still working on.

bhouston 6y ago
Are you guys planning on submitting your novel findings to peer reviewed physics journals? Have you done that? How has that gone?
- jonathan_gorard 6y ago
  Our preprints are currently in peer review (for different journals, I should add). Nothing terrible has happened yet.
  - 9q9 6y ago
    Why didn't you wait with the announcements until after the pre-prints were accepted by reputable journals?
    - airstrike 6y ago
      Because they don't need to?
    - gowld 6y ago
      Because they wanted more peer review? Why didn't you wait for approval of your HN comment?
    - SkyMarshal 6y ago
      Why rely on narrow peer review when you can put the ideas out in public and receive much broader feedback. Most of that feedback will be noise, but the Wolfram crew are certainly able to find the signal in it and use that to improve or fix their ideas.
    - abdullahkhalids 6y ago
      In a lot of physics areas, things move very fast, so generally people submit to a journal and arXiv simultaneously, in case someone else posts on arXiv first and goes down in history as first. However, rarely are arxiv publications accompanied by such fan fare.
      - jfkebwjsbx 6y ago
        Yes, but press releases are only released after papers have been accepted, not only by journals, but overall by the scientific community. Specially for papers that claim new or bold things.
    - jonathan_gorard 6y ago
      It's relatively common practice in academia to make announcements about results while they're still in pre-print form (particularly given how slow the peer review process is for some journals).
      - knzhou 6y ago
        It's common practice to "announce" in the sense that you email colleagues about it and give seminars. It's not common practice to do a press blitz, solely directed at an audience that will be unable to criticize it.
        chrisco255 6y ago
        The internet is pretty good at criticizing things.
        knzhou 6y ago
        Well yeah, but a lot of the criticism is baseless. For example, you have people downthread saying things like "this can't be right because it's discrete", or, "it's inherently impossible for a theory of everything to make predictions", and so on. These aren't true at all. Every physicist knows that if you want good criticism, you need to go to people with relevant expertise. That's what peer review is!
        chrisco255 6y ago
        But they're doing that too. Given we live in the information age, why the hell not send it out in both a traditional research publication as well as a forum like this one? A lot of smart people out there in the world and if you can get 10,000 geniuses to look it over, who says it won't lead to either better criticisms or expansion of a potentially sound theory into other discoveries?
      - 9q9 6y ago
        I've never announced my papers before they were accepted by a conference or journal (other than putting them on arXiv). I would certainly not let my university's press office mention my work if it was not fully peer reviewed. I've never seen this from my colleagues either.
    - craftinator 6y ago
      I forget what kind of fallacy you're arguing, but it's definitely a fallacy of some sort.
  - mnemonicsloth 6y ago
    Right. Except for all this fanfare. Why is it necessary to celebrate the writing of two papers like this?
JoachimS 6y ago
Reading through the paper in (3) above. If I understand the text on page 26 correctly, you predict that quantum computers will not be more efficient than classical computers: "The class of problems that can be solved efficiently by quantum computers should be identical to the class of problems that can be solved efficiently by classical computers: More precisely, we predict in this appropriately coarse-grained case that P=BQP, where P and BQP denote the complexity classes of polynomial time and bounded error quantum polynomial time, respectively." And: "In other words, in order to maintain a causal invariant representation, the observer must perform a sufficient level of coarse-graining to ensure that any apparent advantage obtained through the use of a quantum computer over a classical one is effectively lost." Am I missing something fundamental (most probably)? Are you predicting that quantum computers will not be able to, for example, factor RSA keys much faster than todays non-quantum machines?
- miltondts 6y ago
  I'm not sure if that is the case or not but if that is the prediction then they are in good company. Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft also has a cellular automaton theory and one of his conclusions is: "If engineers ever succeed in making such quantum computers, it seems to me that the CAT is falsified; no classical theory can explain quantum mechanics." By "such quantum computers" he means computers that can run Shor's algorithm. "...but factoring a number with millions of digits into its prime factors will not be possible – unless fundamentally improved classical algorithms turn out to exist." https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1548 https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1548
  - naasking 6y ago
    I believe most of these theories essentially suggest that the error correction required to produce a precise and reliable answer from more qubits, will grow faster than the computing power added by those qubits. > no classical theory can explain quantum mechanics." Not sure I can agree with 't Hooft on this. A GR-based theory with closed timelike curves can easily have particles travelling through time to interfere with themselves, and thus reproduce the quantum phenomena like the double-slit experiment. There's been some work on this: https://www.reddit.com/r/Physics/comments/1gjekn/the_logic_of_quantum_mechanics_derived_from/ https://www.reddit.com/r/Physics/comments/1gjekn/the_logic_o...
knzhou 6y ago
Thanks, this is much better than the incredibly vague Wolfram documentation. Skimming through it, the links between the specific physics and the general statements about graphs seem to me to be rather weak. A typical section looks like setting up a bunch of very general definitions about graphs, and then suddenly jumping into a standard physics derivation in standard physics notation without even using the definitions you set up a page earlier. In other words, the graph stuff seems to not be doing much of the work! But I do admit that I only skimmed. This could be an unfair assessment. I hope your papers get a good, thorough peer review.
fspeech 6y ago
Could I understand the effort this way? In general any Turing complete set of computational rules should be able to generate any computable expression and hopefully physics can be expressed with computable expressions (at least if it is at all comprehensible to humans). So you are looking for a particular set of rules (instead of the English language and math symbols, e.g.) that meet certain kind of aesthetics. Do you expect only valid physics to be expressed or is the research on the kind of restriction that will lead to only valid physics being expressed?
- AgentME 6y ago
  From the main article, it looks like they believe that relativity and quantum mechanics are both things that directly emerge as necessary consequences from the structure, not that those are arbitrary results that may be computed inside. It wouldn't be very interesting in the latter case; there's no shortage of Turing tarpits.
inasio 6y ago
Could you provide some details on the algorithm used to graph the plots? I'm pretty sure nothing in graphviz would result in such nice looking graphs, so probably not a spring relaxation-type algorithm. Perhaps something using the graph Laplacian eigenvectors? I recall some papers by Yehuda Koren using the technique on massive graphs

bhouston 6y ago

Are you guys planning on submitting your novel findings to peer reviewed physics journals? Have you done that? How has that gone?

jonathan_gorard 6y ago
Our preprints are currently in peer review (for different journals, I should add). Nothing terrible has happened yet.
- 9q9 6y ago
  Why didn't you wait with the announcements until after the pre-prints were accepted by reputable journals?
  - airstrike 6y ago
    Because they don't need to?
  - gowld 6y ago
    Because they wanted more peer review? Why didn't you wait for approval of your HN comment?
  - SkyMarshal 6y ago
    Why rely on narrow peer review when you can put the ideas out in public and receive much broader feedback. Most of that feedback will be noise, but the Wolfram crew are certainly able to find the signal in it and use that to improve or fix their ideas.
  - abdullahkhalids 6y ago
    In a lot of physics areas, things move very fast, so generally people submit to a journal and arXiv simultaneously, in case someone else posts on arXiv first and goes down in history as first. However, rarely are arxiv publications accompanied by such fan fare.
    - jfkebwjsbx 6y ago
      Yes, but press releases are only released after papers have been accepted, not only by journals, but overall by the scientific community. Specially for papers that claim new or bold things.
  - jonathan_gorard 6y ago
    It's relatively common practice in academia to make announcements about results while they're still in pre-print form (particularly given how slow the peer review process is for some journals).
    - knzhou 6y ago
      It's common practice to "announce" in the sense that you email colleagues about it and give seminars. It's not common practice to do a press blitz, solely directed at an audience that will be unable to criticize it.
      - chrisco255 6y ago
        The internet is pretty good at criticizing things.
        knzhou 6y ago
        Well yeah, but a lot of the criticism is baseless. For example, you have people downthread saying things like "this can't be right because it's discrete", or, "it's inherently impossible for a theory of everything to make predictions", and so on. These aren't true at all. Every physicist knows that if you want good criticism, you need to go to people with relevant expertise. That's what peer review is!
        chrisco255 6y ago
        But they're doing that too. Given we live in the information age, why the hell not send it out in both a traditional research publication as well as a forum like this one? A lot of smart people out there in the world and if you can get 10,000 geniuses to look it over, who says it won't lead to either better criticisms or expansion of a potentially sound theory into other discoveries?
    - 9q9 6y ago
      I've never announced my papers before they were accepted by a conference or journal (other than putting them on arXiv). I would certainly not let my university's press office mention my work if it was not fully peer reviewed. I've never seen this from my colleagues either.
  - craftinator 6y ago
    I forget what kind of fallacy you're arguing, but it's definitely a fallacy of some sort.
- mnemonicsloth 6y ago
  Right. Except for all this fanfare. Why is it necessary to celebrate the writing of two papers like this?

JoachimS 6y ago

Reading through the paper in (3) above. If I understand the text on page 26 correctly, you predict that quantum computers will not be more efficient than classical computers: "The class of problems that can be solved efficiently by quantum computers should be identical to the class of problems that can be solved efficiently by classical computers: More precisely, we predict in this appropriately coarse-grained case that P=BQP, where P and BQP denote the complexity classes of polynomial time and bounded error quantum polynomial time, respectively." And: "In other words, in order to maintain a causal invariant representation, the observer must perform a sufficient level of coarse-graining to ensure that any apparent advantage obtained through the use of a quantum computer over a classical one is effectively lost." Am I missing something fundamental (most probably)? Are you predicting that quantum computers will not be able to, for example, factor RSA keys much faster than todays non-quantum machines?

miltondts 6y ago
I'm not sure if that is the case or not but if that is the prediction then they are in good company. Nobel laureate Gerard 't Hooft also has a cellular automaton theory and one of his conclusions is: "If engineers ever succeed in making such quantum computers, it seems to me that the CAT is falsified; no classical theory can explain quantum mechanics." By "such quantum computers" he means computers that can run Shor's algorithm. "...but factoring a number with millions of digits into its prime factors will not be possible – unless fundamentally improved classical algorithms turn out to exist." https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1548 https://arxiv.org/abs/1405.1548
- naasking 6y ago
  I believe most of these theories essentially suggest that the error correction required to produce a precise and reliable answer from more qubits, will grow faster than the computing power added by those qubits. > no classical theory can explain quantum mechanics." Not sure I can agree with 't Hooft on this. A GR-based theory with closed timelike curves can easily have particles travelling through time to interfere with themselves, and thus reproduce the quantum phenomena like the double-slit experiment. There's been some work on this: https://www.reddit.com/r/Physics/comments/1gjekn/the_logic_of_quantum_mechanics_derived_from/ https://www.reddit.com/r/Physics/comments/1gjekn/the_logic_o...

knzhou 6y ago

Thanks, this is much better than the incredibly vague Wolfram documentation. Skimming through it, the links between the specific physics and the general statements about graphs seem to me to be rather weak. A typical section looks like setting up a bunch of very general definitions about graphs, and then suddenly jumping into a standard physics derivation in standard physics notation without even using the definitions you set up a page earlier. In other words, the graph stuff seems to not be doing much of the work! But I do admit that I only skimmed. This could be an unfair assessment. I hope your papers get a good, thorough peer review.

fspeech 6y ago

Could I understand the effort this way? In general any Turing complete set of computational rules should be able to generate any computable expression and hopefully physics can be expressed with computable expressions (at least if it is at all comprehensible to humans). So you are looking for a particular set of rules (instead of the English language and math symbols, e.g.) that meet certain kind of aesthetics. Do you expect only valid physics to be expressed or is the research on the kind of restriction that will lead to only valid physics being expressed?

AgentME 6y ago
From the main article, it looks like they believe that relativity and quantum mechanics are both things that directly emerge as necessary consequences from the structure, not that those are arbitrary results that may be computed inside. It wouldn't be very interesting in the latter case; there's no shortage of Turing tarpits.

inasio 6y ago

Could you provide some details on the algorithm used to graph the plots? I'm pretty sure nothing in graphviz would result in such nice looking graphs, so probably not a spring relaxation-type algorithm. Perhaps something using the graph Laplacian eigenvectors? I recall some papers by Yehuda Koren using the technique on massive graphs