6 ms·

Paul Buchheit: Applied Philosophy, a.k.a. "Hacking"

233 points by paul 17y ago

seiji 17y ago
Hulu has the entire episode: http://www.hulu.com/watch/25146/dilbert-the-knack http://www.hulu.com/watch/25146/dilbert-the-knack It's always good to see other people appreciating the critically underrated Dilbert series.
10ren 17y ago
It's very true that when you understand something that others don't - and see (more of) the underlying reality - you can do things that appear to be magic, not only to them but also to you. Unfortunately, as the deeper reality becomes more widely understood, it becomes the "commonly perceived" reality. And the magic goes away. It's tough having to keep on finding the next impossible thing to do. What had he done with his life, thought Louis Wu. He'd made no fundamental scientific discoveries, overthrown no governments, started no major religions.
greendestiny 17y ago
I've often thought about this in the context of fiction. It seems that the hero in stories often wins because he out 'realities' the bad guy. I try to apply this to how I think about problem solving - but I find the hardest thing integrating all the wonderful knowledge I have and reality. When I knew a lot less I found it easier just see the reality, but I have so many more tools at my disposal now. Experience seems to help.
- messel 17y ago
  In the context of fiction, a good friend of mine (Eli) and myself both greatly enjoy rpg elements of breaking game systems in novel ways. There's a rush of levity when the whole thing comes apart. Maybe it's more rules lawyering than breaking per say, but identifying the essential flaws of a system is just as honest as recognizing it's strengths.
yason 17y ago
Beautifully said! While I encourage you to read the relatively short text yourself, here's the summary: Hacking first requires a system -- any system -- with some perceived rules. Then we need a hacker: someone who keeps looking for the truth and finds the actual rules the system operates on. While the hacker can just stop there having broken the illusion, sometimes he will "use his discoveries to hack the system, to transform the world". Playing by the actual rules instead of the perceived rules is initially what is called a hack.
Harj 17y ago
Every system has two sets of rules: The rules as they are intended or commonly perceived, and the actual rules ("reality"). In most complex systems, the gap between these two sets of rules is huge. i don't think it's possible to overstate just how true this is in the context of social/people hacking. the smaller the gap, the more effective your social/people skills will be.
- iamelgringo 17y ago
  A corollary: My father worked in the non-profit sector for years before starting his own business. One of the best lessons he taught me was this: In any organization of sufficient size, there is the official power structure (the org chart) and the unofficial power structure (how things actually get done). The trick is to find out what strings to pull and get things done. I've used that idea for years trying to get things done in my day job in health care.
  - deleted 17y ago
    [deleted]
  - jonny_noog 17y ago
    In my experience, this is incredibly relevant in government, which depending on how you cut it is an organisation or group of organisations all of sufficient size.
kwamenum86 17y ago
Excellent. I have never read any of PB's writing before but that was an excellent primer for startup school. Can't wait until the 24th!
scorpioxy 17y ago
This is a well written article. Thanks PB. I often try to use similar logic to describe what I do as a programmer. I don't "fix" computers, I don't "write" code; I try to solve problems using the computer as a tool. Most people don't understand...
- pbhjpbhj 17y ago
  How often have you used the computer as a blunt force (striking something) or as a construction item (eg in a wall). You solve problems by writing code for the computer to run. Is the computer really a tool or is it simply a device for controlling tools? If the outputs are not connected to other devices the computer does no useful work.
asmosoinio 17y ago
Good article, but something bothered me: Hackers or crackers? In the first paragraphs, he seems to assume hacker=cracker. I always thought there was a clear distinction between the two, at least among hackers. Am I wrong? *"... these hackers are discovering the actual rules of the computer systems (e.g. buffer overflows), and using them to circumvent the intended rules of the system (typically access controls)."
- mhansen 17y ago
  The distinction is irrelevant to the article
  - raganwald 17y ago
    It is amusing to think of the distinction as being one of those places where the stated reality (Hacking is somehow nobler than breaking into computer systems) is at odds with actual reality (breaking into systems is hacking). The irony, then, is that understanding the actual reality would then be a precursor to hacking hacking.
  - asmosoinio 17y ago
    I know. The article brought this to my mind and I was wondering what people here think. It's the "hacker news", after all.
    - buugs 17y ago
      He clearly shows that breaking into computer systems is called hacking in the media, and explains why the term hacking is in technical terms correct in this situation.
    - gloob 17y ago
      My take on the issue: picking a lock is hacking, breaking down a door is not. Apply the metaphor as you will.
    - christopherolah 17y ago
      My opinion is that crackers and hackers are to distinct sets, but there is an intersection (though I think it isn't overly big). Hacking needs to be creative, nothing about that says it can't be malicious. That isn't to say that I approve of hacking in that context, merely than it can exist.
edw519 17y ago
The rules as they are intended or commonly perceived, and the actual rules ("reality"). As I read this, I couldn't stop thinking of one of my favorite quotes, which succinctly describes the essence of hacking: "Problems cannot be solved at the same level of awareness that created them." - Albert Einstein
- messel 17y ago
  Thanks Ed, surprising I never came across that quote before but it helps put an argument I've been trying to work through together better. It's obscure but: A subject within a system can't possibly have knowledge of all states within the same system, only an external perspective can see the true state of all things. It's related to self perception, and maybe the limits of what we can understand about our universe.
  - pbhjpbhj 17y ago
    You should read about Godel's incompleteness theorem, if you haven't already.
    - anonjon 17y ago
      Also read Wittgenstein. This is the sort of thing he was trying to convey in his first work. (Language is a system for describing problems and sometimes we ask problems about the language system itself, which cannot be answered within that system).
    - mkramlich 17y ago
      and then read this brilliant book, perfect for hackers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel,_Escher,_Bach http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel,_Escher,_Bach
- zach 17y ago
  And by Albert Einstein, I assume you mean "anonymous clever guy." This appears to be another modern attribution, although not entirely out of character.
coffeemug 17y ago
To [mis]quote the Heart Sutra, "form is emptiness and emptiness is form." I've played with this a huge deal, and as far as I can tell the "true" reality really has no rules (and I've searched a lot). What we're really hacking is our own, and other people's minds. So the "perceived" rules are how everyone thinks everyone else's mind thinks, and the "real" rules is how everyone else's mind actually thinks. What is wealth generation, but hacking people's minds to perceive something as valuable? Do Facebook, or Oracle, or even the internal combustion engine really have any "intrinsic" value? There is no objective reality, I don't think. Just the inter-subjective. I still haven't figured out how to apply this knowledge to gain anything I perceive to be valuable, though...
- joubert 17y ago
  Perhaps there is blind value, in other words, "value" that drives a particular system in a direction which would be "considered" "positive" by the system if the system could postulate/predict/had awareness. I would argue that is why humans have such a strong sense of good/bad (value judgements): because we postulate, predict, assess, think into the future.
- futuremint 17y ago
  Seems to me that value is just a perception, like any other perception. You can choose to perceive value or not. I think the startup phase titled, "Educating the Market" is a euphemism for, "Persuading other people to agree with you." In the end when dealing person to person, (or business to consumer, b2b, its the same thing) its all just persuasion. Just persuading someone to give you money for something you've persuaded them gives them value. And if you're persuasive enough, they'll agree that it is valuable, convince themselves accordingly and be happy. Its much more apparent when you convince yourself that you really need very few things in life to get by, and that most of what it takes comes from inside yourself (except for food, water & shelter).
  - messel 17y ago
    It is easiest to convince others of the value of your product or service when they profit from your creation. Saving folks time and effort with efficiency is a driving force behind entrepreneurship. As we pair down our own necessities we discover the core of our needs, and this discovery can help us share great value with others. Inspiring others has been a driving concern of mine, but I realized this only after quieting down the buzz of my own selfish needs. Wonderful shared experiences and memories have become much more valuable to me.
caffeine 17y ago
I can't believe nobody's mentioned The Matrix yet ... this is precisely the film's whole point. In particular, that the most interesting system to which these ideas apply is your own mind. "Free your mind, Neo." So, then, spirituality, meditation, prayer, rituals, shamans, placebo effect, etc. = humanity's mind-lisp macros, passed down through the ages?
- petermarks 17y ago
  Agreed. I thought the most spine tingling part of the trilogy was at the end of the second movie when Neo uses his powers in the real world. This is reminiscent of my own hacking experience, albiet far less dramatic, where successfully gaming the rules of one system gave me a whole new perspective and level of confidence to manipulate another system. It helps to broaden your horizons, so long as you eventually hone in on one thing and give it all you got.

233 points by paul 17y ago

seiji 17y ago

Hulu has the entire episode: http://www.hulu.com/watch/25146/dilbert-the-knack http://www.hulu.com/watch/25146/dilbert-the-knack It's always good to see other people appreciating the critically underrated Dilbert series.

10ren 17y ago

It's very true that when you understand something that others don't - and see (more of) the underlying reality - you can do things that appear to be magic, not only to them but also to you. Unfortunately, as the deeper reality becomes more widely understood, it becomes the "commonly perceived" reality. And the magic goes away. It's tough having to keep on finding the next impossible thing to do. What had he done with his life, thought Louis Wu. He'd made no fundamental scientific discoveries, overthrown no governments, started no major religions.

greendestiny 17y ago

I've often thought about this in the context of fiction. It seems that the hero in stories often wins because he out 'realities' the bad guy. I try to apply this to how I think about problem solving - but I find the hardest thing integrating all the wonderful knowledge I have and reality. When I knew a lot less I found it easier just see the reality, but I have so many more tools at my disposal now. Experience seems to help.

messel 17y ago
In the context of fiction, a good friend of mine (Eli) and myself both greatly enjoy rpg elements of breaking game systems in novel ways. There's a rush of levity when the whole thing comes apart. Maybe it's more rules lawyering than breaking per say, but identifying the essential flaws of a system is just as honest as recognizing it's strengths.

yason 17y ago

Beautifully said! While I encourage you to read the relatively short text yourself, here's the summary: Hacking first requires a system -- any system -- with some perceived rules. Then we need a hacker: someone who keeps looking for the truth and finds the actual rules the system operates on. While the hacker can just stop there having broken the illusion, sometimes he will "use his discoveries to hack the system, to transform the world". Playing by the actual rules instead of the perceived rules is initially what is called a hack.

Harj 17y ago

Every system has two sets of rules: The rules as they are intended or commonly perceived, and the actual rules ("reality"). In most complex systems, the gap between these two sets of rules is huge. i don't think it's possible to overstate just how true this is in the context of social/people hacking. the smaller the gap, the more effective your social/people skills will be.

iamelgringo 17y ago
A corollary: My father worked in the non-profit sector for years before starting his own business. One of the best lessons he taught me was this: In any organization of sufficient size, there is the official power structure (the org chart) and the unofficial power structure (how things actually get done). The trick is to find out what strings to pull and get things done. I've used that idea for years trying to get things done in my day job in health care.
- deleted 17y ago
  [deleted]
- jonny_noog 17y ago
  In my experience, this is incredibly relevant in government, which depending on how you cut it is an organisation or group of organisations all of sufficient size.

kwamenum86 17y ago

Excellent. I have never read any of PB's writing before but that was an excellent primer for startup school. Can't wait until the 24th!

scorpioxy 17y ago

This is a well written article. Thanks PB. I often try to use similar logic to describe what I do as a programmer. I don't "fix" computers, I don't "write" code; I try to solve problems using the computer as a tool. Most people don't understand...

pbhjpbhj 17y ago
How often have you used the computer as a blunt force (striking something) or as a construction item (eg in a wall). You solve problems by writing code for the computer to run. Is the computer really a tool or is it simply a device for controlling tools? If the outputs are not connected to other devices the computer does no useful work.

asmosoinio 17y ago

Good article, but something bothered me: Hackers or crackers? In the first paragraphs, he seems to assume hacker=cracker. I always thought there was a clear distinction between the two, at least among hackers. Am I wrong? *"... these hackers are discovering the actual rules of the computer systems (e.g. buffer overflows), and using them to circumvent the intended rules of the system (typically access controls)."

mhansen 17y ago
The distinction is irrelevant to the article
- raganwald 17y ago
  It is amusing to think of the distinction as being one of those places where the stated reality (Hacking is somehow nobler than breaking into computer systems) is at odds with actual reality (breaking into systems is hacking). The irony, then, is that understanding the actual reality would then be a precursor to hacking hacking.
- asmosoinio 17y ago
  I know. The article brought this to my mind and I was wondering what people here think. It's the "hacker news", after all.
  - buugs 17y ago
    He clearly shows that breaking into computer systems is called hacking in the media, and explains why the term hacking is in technical terms correct in this situation.
  - gloob 17y ago
    My take on the issue: picking a lock is hacking, breaking down a door is not. Apply the metaphor as you will.
  - christopherolah 17y ago
    My opinion is that crackers and hackers are to distinct sets, but there is an intersection (though I think it isn't overly big). Hacking needs to be creative, nothing about that says it can't be malicious. That isn't to say that I approve of hacking in that context, merely than it can exist.

edw519 17y ago

The rules as they are intended or commonly perceived, and the actual rules ("reality"). As I read this, I couldn't stop thinking of one of my favorite quotes, which succinctly describes the essence of hacking: "Problems cannot be solved at the same level of awareness that created them." - Albert Einstein

messel 17y ago
Thanks Ed, surprising I never came across that quote before but it helps put an argument I've been trying to work through together better. It's obscure but: A subject within a system can't possibly have knowledge of all states within the same system, only an external perspective can see the true state of all things. It's related to self perception, and maybe the limits of what we can understand about our universe.
- pbhjpbhj 17y ago
  You should read about Godel's incompleteness theorem, if you haven't already.
  - anonjon 17y ago
    Also read Wittgenstein. This is the sort of thing he was trying to convey in his first work. (Language is a system for describing problems and sometimes we ask problems about the language system itself, which cannot be answered within that system).
  - mkramlich 17y ago
    and then read this brilliant book, perfect for hackers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel,_Escher,_Bach http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gödel,_Escher,_Bach
zach 17y ago
And by Albert Einstein, I assume you mean "anonymous clever guy." This appears to be another modern attribution, although not entirely out of character.

coffeemug 17y ago

To [mis]quote the Heart Sutra, "form is emptiness and emptiness is form." I've played with this a huge deal, and as far as I can tell the "true" reality really has no rules (and I've searched a lot). What we're really hacking is our own, and other people's minds. So the "perceived" rules are how everyone thinks everyone else's mind thinks, and the "real" rules is how everyone else's mind actually thinks. What is wealth generation, but hacking people's minds to perceive something as valuable? Do Facebook, or Oracle, or even the internal combustion engine really have any "intrinsic" value? There is no objective reality, I don't think. Just the inter-subjective. I still haven't figured out how to apply this knowledge to gain anything I perceive to be valuable, though...

joubert 17y ago
Perhaps there is blind value, in other words, "value" that drives a particular system in a direction which would be "considered" "positive" by the system if the system could postulate/predict/had awareness. I would argue that is why humans have such a strong sense of good/bad (value judgements): because we postulate, predict, assess, think into the future.
futuremint 17y ago
Seems to me that value is just a perception, like any other perception. You can choose to perceive value or not. I think the startup phase titled, "Educating the Market" is a euphemism for, "Persuading other people to agree with you." In the end when dealing person to person, (or business to consumer, b2b, its the same thing) its all just persuasion. Just persuading someone to give you money for something you've persuaded them gives them value. And if you're persuasive enough, they'll agree that it is valuable, convince themselves accordingly and be happy. Its much more apparent when you convince yourself that you really need very few things in life to get by, and that most of what it takes comes from inside yourself (except for food, water & shelter).
- messel 17y ago
  It is easiest to convince others of the value of your product or service when they profit from your creation. Saving folks time and effort with efficiency is a driving force behind entrepreneurship. As we pair down our own necessities we discover the core of our needs, and this discovery can help us share great value with others. Inspiring others has been a driving concern of mine, but I realized this only after quieting down the buzz of my own selfish needs. Wonderful shared experiences and memories have become much more valuable to me.

caffeine 17y ago

I can't believe nobody's mentioned The Matrix yet ... this is precisely the film's whole point. In particular, that the most interesting system to which these ideas apply is your own mind. "Free your mind, Neo." So, then, spirituality, meditation, prayer, rituals, shamans, placebo effect, etc. = humanity's mind-lisp macros, passed down through the ages?

petermarks 17y ago
Agreed. I thought the most spine tingling part of the trilogy was at the end of the second movie when Neo uses his powers in the real world. This is reminiscent of my own hacking experience, albiet far less dramatic, where successfully gaming the rules of one system gave me a whole new perspective and level of confidence to manipulate another system. It helps to broaden your horizons, so long as you eventually hone in on one thing and give it all you got.