7 ms·

Handmade Hero: C game from scratch

286 points by janvdberg 12y ago

wyclif 12y ago
This looks like it could be really helpful for someone like me who wants to up their C game.
fogleman 12y ago
The video was top-notch, nearly gave me goosebumps.
GuiA 12y ago
The programmer behind this, Casey Muratori, has been helping out Jonathan Blow (Braid) on his new game, The Witness, and blogging about it. For the more experienced game devs out there, the series is a fantastic read: http://mollyrocket.com/casey/ http://mollyrocket.com/casey/ (starting post 6). Many of the insights apply to software engineering in general, not just game dev.
- laeus 12y ago
  The series is pretty good overall, but his endless tirades against OOP (many of which are specious) drained much of my enthusiasm for his blog. Regardless, it's still good reading and this new game project is a great idea.
agentultra 12y ago
Oh, nostalgia. I hope this will turn out to be a great resource for experienced programmers interested in graphics, real-time processing, and the like. I wish I had the time to go through it. However if your goal is to make games my advice, and I'm not alone, is to make games and use an engine. Your users will not know if you developed it from scratch in C. They won't even care if you tell them. Only programmers and game developers care.
- nightski 12y ago
  Lots of gamers can tell when a game is a "Unity" game for example (due to lots of built in shaders and effects). I'd agree using an engine is a wise choice but make the decision very carefully. It can save a ton of time, but you still have to put in a lot of work to not let the engine dictate too much about the look and feel of the game.
  - agentultra 12y ago
    The point I was trying to make is that developing a game from scratch is a labor-intensive way to make a game. You have to consider file paths, resource management, texture packing, file formats, parsers, and hardware. You have to think about abstract things like event processing, concurrency, simulation, reacting to inputs, etc. A mountain of work goes into lighting up a pixel on the screen. Doing it from scratch is essentially inventing the universe from the atoms up. I like this kind of stuff. However there are projects where I'm more interested in game play mechanics, art, music, and experience. I can still write my own shaders. I still write all of my own behaviors, AI, and controllers. But with an engine I don't have to worry about animation blending, input control, hardware platform differences, asset tooling, etc, etc, etc, etc. I don't want to discourage anyone who is curious. I just wanted to push back against some of the nostalgia in the video. It's not all glamorous. I've spent my share of my youth slavering over cryptic compiler errors. Developing games then wasn't as much fun as it is today, IMO. It was different and unique in its own way. But the tools we have today are far, far better.
    - laeus 12y ago
      Absolutely right. I've gone through the dark times of wondering how to get the linker to stop exploding on me. And when speaking about developing a game engine, it's not just the work required to create feature X, it's the entire ecosystem. Making a sound play or wiring up PhysX is not difficult. Making fifty modules work correctly with each other is the foundation and is not easy or quick. Then there are editor tools, with modern engines providing a full editor suite that would take a team years to make. In the case of Unity, you get correct play-in-editor as well as truly live editing, which allow for incredibly rapid iteration (part of the true secret of efficient game development is being able to go from your shower "ah ha!" moment to a working prototype as quickly as possible). Then there's their asset store with a proliferation of not only art and sound but valuable scripts and entire systems or engines. And while I'm making my game, the middleware company is making my tech better by fixing bugs and adding features, with nearly-push-button support for over a dozen modern hardware platforms to boot. I can see lots of reasons to develop a game engine from scratch, but they become less compelling every year.
axotty 12y ago
Wow. I can't even begin to express how much the premise behind this series resonates with me. I've been looking for something just like this. My only issue is that, although in C, the preview/introduction video seems pretty centered around visual studio[0]. In the FAQ you say that multi platform support for *nix systems will be added later. How exactly will this work for those of us who want to follow along, but don't have Windows? [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ntGDm6hOs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ntGDm6hOs
- thelinked 12y ago
  Answered in the Q&A video that followed the one you linked to. The project will be avoiding OS specific code as much as possible so I can't see a there being a dependency on visual studio. http://youtu.be/I5fNrmQYeuI?t=11m21s http://youtu.be/I5fNrmQYeuI?t=11m21s
  - deleted 12y ago
    [deleted]
- AlexeyBrin 12y ago
  Judging by the initial video, you won't be able to follow this without a Windows machine. The author plans to implement a game from scratch (no third party library will be used) in C on Windows, which means he will use Win32 functions (OS specific code) for creating a window, reading/showing image files etc ... If you want to follow along from day one I suggest you install Windows in a virtual machine (you can download a legal copy of Windows and use it for about a month, just make sure you regularly save the code on your main OS). Alternatively, you can wait until the author will present how to do the same thing (window creation etc ...) on a Unix like OS.
  - tdsamardzhiev 12y ago
    He'll probably use SDL for that kind of stuff. P.S. EMACS!!!
    - 12y ago
AdmiralAsshat 12y ago
This looks very interesting, in straight C no less. Props to this guy. I'll definitely be watching it, although I take some mild offense at the idea that I am somehow less of a gamer or game-maker if I decide to use an engine. Truthfully, I am not a very good programmer: I don't delight in getting into the guts of the mathematical algorithms that allow for the complicated physics calculations, AI pathfinding, or multiplayer networking, nor do I enjoy the tedium of hand-optimizing routines for tweaking performance. I just want to make games. On the other hand, someone like John Carmack clearly does delight in some of these things, and he is ten times the programmer I will ever be. To boot, he has written this amazing Doom engine (to use an antiquated example) which he will license out to other developers! Why shouldn't I use it? What am I demonstrating by insisting that I do everything myself if it results in an inferior game?
- joshvm 12y ago
  There's nothing wrong with using an engine at all. For the same reason I use Numpy and don't bother making my own array manipulation classes. Most of the time you don't need to reinvent the wheel because someone has probably spent a PhD implementing it better than you ever will. I think this is a perfectly valid excuse and I use it every day. If I didn't, I'd get no work done. With the libraries available few people should ever need to implement an FFT, for example. However, it's good practice to try coding some algorithms yourself to see how they work. In terms of games, I assume the intent wasn't to belittle, but to try and show people what happens under the hood. It helps you make better decisions about which engine to use and what features to use within the engine. If you're given pathfinding options within your engine, to take a silly example, do you know enough about the algorithm to know which one would be best for your game instead of blindly choosing A*? Understanding how the underlying code (probably) works allows you to make better decisions about which engines to use, which features you want and which you could brew yourself if you needed to.
deleted 12y ago
[deleted]
- cbd1984 12y ago
  > I though it was C, but in the video OP starts with C++? Very few people, even programmers, seem to know the difference. Some even claim to program in C/C++, which is about as meaningful as Java/Javascript or Java/C#. All those Foogols look alike anyway. ETA: I have no idea if we watched the same video. The commenting style in the first video on the top of the page was used in C decades before C++ existed, though, and since there was no actual code, it's impossible to tell if the person we're talking about will or will not confuse C with C++.
  - DSMan195276 12y ago
    I believe he was talking about the "intro to C on Windows" video that was posted on Youtube. Admittedly, it's an hour long so I don't have the time to watch it. Skimming over it though, it looks like he may be writing C code, but compiling it via Microsofts C++ compiler. That's just my guess though. The code he's writing has some Cisms in it (And no C++isms, though it's basically just a 'Hello World'), but it's in a 'cpp' file and I presume VS is using a C++ compiler to do so.
    - robmccoll 12y ago
      Which only recently added support for C99...
      - readerrrr 12y ago
        And even that not completely...
      - pjmlp 12y ago
        C++ and .NET Native are the future of native code programming on Windows. C is for compatibility with older code, or code coming from other platforms.
chetankothari 12y ago
This is one thing that I always wanted to learn, but never knew where to start. I guess this will be a good place. Looking forward to it.
tomengland 12y ago
Very cool and ambitious project. If I was 14 again, I would have been all over this. Back then, all I had was dusty library books. Now, totally not interested in making games, although I enjoy playing them! I'll probably skim just to see the algorithms he uses to handle AI, pathfinding and physics.
rootlocus 12y ago
"If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe." ~ Dr. Carl Sagan. Is he using an existing processor / memory / motherboard? Is he using an operating system? Is he using a compiler, editor, IDE? Is he using a standard library? Is he using any 3rd party libraries? Just because he isn't using an engine doesn't mean it's made "from scratch".
- huhtenberg 12y ago
  Oh, don't be a party-pooper.
- drivers99 12y ago
  I've been playing around with bare bones assembly on Raspberry Pi. (Actually just following the baking pi tutorial.[1]) Maybe I should work up to a game from that level. That would be fun. I could go from Assembly to maybe a simple Forth interpreter (possibly the easiest language to implement from bare bones), and build tools and subroutines on top of that. [1] http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/
a-saleh 12y ago
I have just finished reading http://mollyrocket.com/casey/stream_0019.html http://mollyrocket.com/casey/stream_0019.html that he links in the article. Interesting, that though he mostly spoke about refactoring procedural C, it really reminded me how I would work when programming in Clojure.
vesche 12y ago
Man, you had me all hyped up until you typed emacs into a windows command prompt... Would have been such a badass ending if you hit nano from a shell. :(
- pelumi 12y ago
  lool... i feel your pain :(
pelumi 12y ago
this is interesting and hardcore!
- rootlocus 12y ago
  Oh yeah, very hardcore. http://xkcd.com/378/ http://xkcd.com/378/
codygman 12y ago
Awesome, I'm definitely interested in this! It will be cool to be able to understand creating a game from scratch with C.
CmonDev 12y ago
"professional-quality game" Always happy to see component-entity systems or other modern game architecture patterns applied!
jbverschoor 12y ago
I'm amazed that people are totally unaware how a game works.
- jokoon 12y ago
  the devil is in the details: physics, path finding, matrix multiplication, space partitioning, graphic pipeline, and many other algorithms. I don't think those feeds will teach how those things work.
nanexcool 12y ago
This was one of the easiest purchases I've made in my life. I've been following Casey's blog for some time and his Wednesdays posts are amazing. I can't wait to start watching the videos and of course, code along.
Sir_Cmpwn 12y ago
Lost interest when it became Windows-only. Writing C on Windows is a nightmare and the chance of portability plummets if you aren't targetting a POSIX system from the start.
- JoeAltmaier 12y ago
  That's just silly. C is standard everywhere. Writing it on Windows is a matter of your facility with the IDE you choose, which can be a portable one if you wish. The chance for portability depends on the graphics engine you choose or write. Our project (Sococo) is portable across Windows, Mac, iOS, Android and several versions of Linux. The Windows/graphic part is a tiny part of the code.
  - Sir_Cmpwn 12y ago
    He's going to write his own renderer, he's not using SDL or anything. He's going to be opening his own windows and drawing to them directly. The chance at portability is extremely slim, and on top of that those of us who use saner operating systems won't get to enjoy it for a long time.
    - JoeAltmaier 12y ago
      SO the portability effort is - opening a window and drawing? How is that difficult. Writing his own renderer means its pretty easy to be portable. He'd have to make a special effort to include platform code in what's normally a pure-math engine, right?
      - deleted 12y ago
        [deleted]
      - esrauch 12y ago
        I think you might be surprised how much code it takes to open a window and draw to it in C without using something like SDL.
droptableusers 12y ago
If he knows he will be porting the game, why does he not abstract away the OS layer and perhaps even the graphics library? Then implement it behind some interface with for example SDL2 and OpenGL depending on platform. Would not that save lots of time and ensure it works cross-platform from the start? To me, it just seems that you re-invent the wheel by not doing this.
- m4thdimention 12y ago
  He will abstract it. His style is to implement first, then figure out the abstraction, not the other way around. Plus he's done this before and probably has an abstraction in mind which will make that style work even better.

286 points by janvdberg 12y ago

wyclif 12y ago

This looks like it could be really helpful for someone like me who wants to up their C game.

fogleman 12y ago

The video was top-notch, nearly gave me goosebumps.

GuiA 12y ago

The programmer behind this, Casey Muratori, has been helping out Jonathan Blow (Braid) on his new game, The Witness, and blogging about it. For the more experienced game devs out there, the series is a fantastic read: http://mollyrocket.com/casey/ http://mollyrocket.com/casey/ (starting post 6). Many of the insights apply to software engineering in general, not just game dev.

laeus 12y ago
The series is pretty good overall, but his endless tirades against OOP (many of which are specious) drained much of my enthusiasm for his blog. Regardless, it's still good reading and this new game project is a great idea.

agentultra 12y ago

Oh, nostalgia. I hope this will turn out to be a great resource for experienced programmers interested in graphics, real-time processing, and the like. I wish I had the time to go through it. However if your goal is to make games my advice, and I'm not alone, is to make games and use an engine. Your users will not know if you developed it from scratch in C. They won't even care if you tell them. Only programmers and game developers care.

nightski 12y ago
Lots of gamers can tell when a game is a "Unity" game for example (due to lots of built in shaders and effects). I'd agree using an engine is a wise choice but make the decision very carefully. It can save a ton of time, but you still have to put in a lot of work to not let the engine dictate too much about the look and feel of the game.
- agentultra 12y ago
  The point I was trying to make is that developing a game from scratch is a labor-intensive way to make a game. You have to consider file paths, resource management, texture packing, file formats, parsers, and hardware. You have to think about abstract things like event processing, concurrency, simulation, reacting to inputs, etc. A mountain of work goes into lighting up a pixel on the screen. Doing it from scratch is essentially inventing the universe from the atoms up. I like this kind of stuff. However there are projects where I'm more interested in game play mechanics, art, music, and experience. I can still write my own shaders. I still write all of my own behaviors, AI, and controllers. But with an engine I don't have to worry about animation blending, input control, hardware platform differences, asset tooling, etc, etc, etc, etc. I don't want to discourage anyone who is curious. I just wanted to push back against some of the nostalgia in the video. It's not all glamorous. I've spent my share of my youth slavering over cryptic compiler errors. Developing games then wasn't as much fun as it is today, IMO. It was different and unique in its own way. But the tools we have today are far, far better.
  - laeus 12y ago
    Absolutely right. I've gone through the dark times of wondering how to get the linker to stop exploding on me. And when speaking about developing a game engine, it's not just the work required to create feature X, it's the entire ecosystem. Making a sound play or wiring up PhysX is not difficult. Making fifty modules work correctly with each other is the foundation and is not easy or quick. Then there are editor tools, with modern engines providing a full editor suite that would take a team years to make. In the case of Unity, you get correct play-in-editor as well as truly live editing, which allow for incredibly rapid iteration (part of the true secret of efficient game development is being able to go from your shower "ah ha!" moment to a working prototype as quickly as possible). Then there's their asset store with a proliferation of not only art and sound but valuable scripts and entire systems or engines. And while I'm making my game, the middleware company is making my tech better by fixing bugs and adding features, with nearly-push-button support for over a dozen modern hardware platforms to boot. I can see lots of reasons to develop a game engine from scratch, but they become less compelling every year.

axotty 12y ago

Wow. I can't even begin to express how much the premise behind this series resonates with me. I've been looking for something just like this. My only issue is that, although in C, the preview/introduction video seems pretty centered around visual studio[0]. In the FAQ you say that multi platform support for *nix systems will be added later. How exactly will this work for those of us who want to follow along, but don't have Windows? [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ntGDm6hOs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3ntGDm6hOs

thelinked 12y ago
Answered in the Q&A video that followed the one you linked to. The project will be avoiding OS specific code as much as possible so I can't see a there being a dependency on visual studio. http://youtu.be/I5fNrmQYeuI?t=11m21s http://youtu.be/I5fNrmQYeuI?t=11m21s
- deleted 12y ago
  [deleted]
AlexeyBrin 12y ago
Judging by the initial video, you won't be able to follow this without a Windows machine. The author plans to implement a game from scratch (no third party library will be used) in C on Windows, which means he will use Win32 functions (OS specific code) for creating a window, reading/showing image files etc ... If you want to follow along from day one I suggest you install Windows in a virtual machine (you can download a legal copy of Windows and use it for about a month, just make sure you regularly save the code on your main OS). Alternatively, you can wait until the author will present how to do the same thing (window creation etc ...) on a Unix like OS.
- tdsamardzhiev 12y ago
  He'll probably use SDL for that kind of stuff. P.S. EMACS!!!
  - 12y ago

AdmiralAsshat 12y ago

This looks very interesting, in straight C no less. Props to this guy. I'll definitely be watching it, although I take some mild offense at the idea that I am somehow less of a gamer or game-maker if I decide to use an engine. Truthfully, I am not a very good programmer: I don't delight in getting into the guts of the mathematical algorithms that allow for the complicated physics calculations, AI pathfinding, or multiplayer networking, nor do I enjoy the tedium of hand-optimizing routines for tweaking performance. I just want to make games. On the other hand, someone like John Carmack clearly does delight in some of these things, and he is ten times the programmer I will ever be. To boot, he has written this amazing Doom engine (to use an antiquated example) which he will license out to other developers! Why shouldn't I use it? What am I demonstrating by insisting that I do everything myself if it results in an inferior game?

joshvm 12y ago
There's nothing wrong with using an engine at all. For the same reason I use Numpy and don't bother making my own array manipulation classes. Most of the time you don't need to reinvent the wheel because someone has probably spent a PhD implementing it better than you ever will. I think this is a perfectly valid excuse and I use it every day. If I didn't, I'd get no work done. With the libraries available few people should ever need to implement an FFT, for example. However, it's good practice to try coding some algorithms yourself to see how they work. In terms of games, I assume the intent wasn't to belittle, but to try and show people what happens under the hood. It helps you make better decisions about which engine to use and what features to use within the engine. If you're given pathfinding options within your engine, to take a silly example, do you know enough about the algorithm to know which one would be best for your game instead of blindly choosing A*? Understanding how the underlying code (probably) works allows you to make better decisions about which engines to use, which features you want and which you could brew yourself if you needed to.

deleted 12y ago

[deleted]

cbd1984 12y ago
> I though it was C, but in the video OP starts with C++? Very few people, even programmers, seem to know the difference. Some even claim to program in C/C++, which is about as meaningful as Java/Javascript or Java/C#. All those Foogols look alike anyway. ETA: I have no idea if we watched the same video. The commenting style in the first video on the top of the page was used in C decades before C++ existed, though, and since there was no actual code, it's impossible to tell if the person we're talking about will or will not confuse C with C++.
- DSMan195276 12y ago
  I believe he was talking about the "intro to C on Windows" video that was posted on Youtube. Admittedly, it's an hour long so I don't have the time to watch it. Skimming over it though, it looks like he may be writing C code, but compiling it via Microsofts C++ compiler. That's just my guess though. The code he's writing has some Cisms in it (And no C++isms, though it's basically just a 'Hello World'), but it's in a 'cpp' file and I presume VS is using a C++ compiler to do so.
  - robmccoll 12y ago
    Which only recently added support for C99...
    - readerrrr 12y ago
      And even that not completely...
    - pjmlp 12y ago
      C++ and .NET Native are the future of native code programming on Windows. C is for compatibility with older code, or code coming from other platforms.

chetankothari 12y ago

This is one thing that I always wanted to learn, but never knew where to start. I guess this will be a good place. Looking forward to it.

tomengland 12y ago

Very cool and ambitious project. If I was 14 again, I would have been all over this. Back then, all I had was dusty library books. Now, totally not interested in making games, although I enjoy playing them! I'll probably skim just to see the algorithms he uses to handle AI, pathfinding and physics.

rootlocus 12y ago

"If you want to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe." ~ Dr. Carl Sagan. Is he using an existing processor / memory / motherboard? Is he using an operating system? Is he using a compiler, editor, IDE? Is he using a standard library? Is he using any 3rd party libraries? Just because he isn't using an engine doesn't mean it's made "from scratch".

huhtenberg 12y ago
Oh, don't be a party-pooper.
drivers99 12y ago
I've been playing around with bare bones assembly on Raspberry Pi. (Actually just following the baking pi tutorial.[1]) Maybe I should work up to a game from that level. That would be fun. I could go from Assembly to maybe a simple Forth interpreter (possibly the easiest language to implement from bare bones), and build tools and subroutines on top of that. [1] http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/ http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/projects/raspberrypi/tutorials/os/

a-saleh 12y ago

I have just finished reading http://mollyrocket.com/casey/stream_0019.html http://mollyrocket.com/casey/stream_0019.html that he links in the article. Interesting, that though he mostly spoke about refactoring procedural C, it really reminded me how I would work when programming in Clojure.

vesche 12y ago

Man, you had me all hyped up until you typed emacs into a windows command prompt... Would have been such a badass ending if you hit nano from a shell. :(

pelumi 12y ago
lool... i feel your pain :(

pelumi 12y ago

this is interesting and hardcore!

rootlocus 12y ago
Oh yeah, very hardcore. http://xkcd.com/378/ http://xkcd.com/378/

codygman 12y ago

Awesome, I'm definitely interested in this! It will be cool to be able to understand creating a game from scratch with C.

CmonDev 12y ago

"professional-quality game" Always happy to see component-entity systems or other modern game architecture patterns applied!

jbverschoor 12y ago

I'm amazed that people are totally unaware how a game works.

jokoon 12y ago
the devil is in the details: physics, path finding, matrix multiplication, space partitioning, graphic pipeline, and many other algorithms. I don't think those feeds will teach how those things work.

nanexcool 12y ago

This was one of the easiest purchases I've made in my life. I've been following Casey's blog for some time and his Wednesdays posts are amazing. I can't wait to start watching the videos and of course, code along.

Sir_Cmpwn 12y ago

Lost interest when it became Windows-only. Writing C on Windows is a nightmare and the chance of portability plummets if you aren't targetting a POSIX system from the start.

JoeAltmaier 12y ago
That's just silly. C is standard everywhere. Writing it on Windows is a matter of your facility with the IDE you choose, which can be a portable one if you wish. The chance for portability depends on the graphics engine you choose or write. Our project (Sococo) is portable across Windows, Mac, iOS, Android and several versions of Linux. The Windows/graphic part is a tiny part of the code.
- Sir_Cmpwn 12y ago
  He's going to write his own renderer, he's not using SDL or anything. He's going to be opening his own windows and drawing to them directly. The chance at portability is extremely slim, and on top of that those of us who use saner operating systems won't get to enjoy it for a long time.
  - JoeAltmaier 12y ago
    SO the portability effort is - opening a window and drawing? How is that difficult. Writing his own renderer means its pretty easy to be portable. He'd have to make a special effort to include platform code in what's normally a pure-math engine, right?
    - deleted 12y ago
      [deleted]
    - esrauch 12y ago
      I think you might be surprised how much code it takes to open a window and draw to it in C without using something like SDL.

droptableusers 12y ago

If he knows he will be porting the game, why does he not abstract away the OS layer and perhaps even the graphics library? Then implement it behind some interface with for example SDL2 and OpenGL depending on platform. Would not that save lots of time and ensure it works cross-platform from the start? To me, it just seems that you re-invent the wheel by not doing this.

m4thdimention 12y ago
He will abstract it. His style is to implement first, then figure out the abstraction, not the other way around. Plus he's done this before and probably has an abstraction in mind which will make that style work even better.