7 ms·

Ugh. I'm having a kid soon and now what's my best option? Glass? I'll gladly pay extra not to poison her.

sanoli 12y ago
Yes, glass is the safest option.
tomsaffell 12y ago
there's lots of stainless steel bottles and containers out there for when you're on the go. pyrex is also great for food storage in the kitchen / fridge (cheap glass breaks :). small Corelle dishes are ideal for snacks / fruit at home - they are almost indestructible.
raamdev 12y ago
I have a baby girl turning 1 in a few weeks and my wife and I opted to only use glass bottles for her. More scary, however, is all the stuff they put in everything else. For example, the fire retardant chemicals they use in manufacturing things like baby mattresses, which have been shown to cause neurological issues, especially in children. Look for a tag on any pillows or mattresses that says "complies with California Technical Bulletin 117"; that means it was treated. Also, check out the documentary "Toxic Hot Seat". My wife and I sleep on the floor, with a few blankets, and have slept with our daughter between us since day one (she never slept in a crib). I felt so unprepared prior to my daughters birth. I still feel terribly unprepared. But I find that I'm a lot more proactive now about doing my own research to at least help reduce the probability that I'll put my little one in danger (and all we can really do is reduce the probability, since massive amounts of misinformation ensure it will be nearly impossible for the average person to really get to the truth about some of this stuff).
- AndrewKemendo 12y ago
  Stick with wool mattresses and clothing for infants and toddlers and you should be good - fire resistant, water resistant and very comfortable. All of our big beds are either natural latex mattresses inside ecowool covers or pure wool in a quilted wool cover.
  - whyenot 12y ago
    I thought flame retardants still had to be added to wool mattresses. This source seems to back that up, but the information may be biased or out of date. http://www.strobel.com/wool_burns.htm http://www.strobel.com/wool_burns.htm
- Htsthbjig 12y ago
  So bad about fire retardant in mattresses. They got the law that forces every mattress threated with the excuse that it will give you time if a fire starts. Big business. What they don't tell you is that most fires in homes are created by smokers. If nobody in your home smokes you should be able to opt out of buying this sh*t.
  - XorNot 12y ago
    Ok so a bunch of people have commented on that, but what is the mechanism of toxicity of the chemicals? Can they be absorbed through the stomach, skin, inhaled? Are they surface bound or on the filling? Would you have to eat the filling to be exposed? What are the threshold levels involved to create danger?
  - pragmar 12y ago
    Apparently, smoking related fires are deadly, but rarer than you'd think (causing only 2% of residential fires, though surprisingly 14% of deaths). But point taken with regards to smoking in bed, which is apparently still a thing.. http://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/reports/smoking.shtm http://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/reports/smoking.shtm
- mbca 12y ago
  > My wife and I sleep on the floor, with a few blankets, and have slept with our daughter between us since day one And when your daughter is old enough to talk, she'll tell everyone she sleeps on the floor, and CPS will come take her away (this sort of thing is a major fear of mine -- some minor idiosyncrasy or eccentricity will be taken out of context and misinterpreted as a sign of an "unfit" home, and they'll come a-knockin').
  - raamdev 12y ago
    I grew up sleeping on the floor, and I was home schooled (through high school). As a kid, I had a premade story ready-to-go if a stranger asked why I wasn't in school: "I have a dentist appointment today." I'll be home schooling my daughter and I think by the time she's old enough to "tell everyone" anything, I'll have already explained things to her.
- sliverstorm 12y ago
  That's trading evils a bit though. Before fire retardants in furniture, I believe fires involving furniture was a leading cause of death (and not just in babies)
frankosaurus 12y ago
I went with glass for the first 6 months. Unfortunately, it was impossible to find a daycare that would accept glass bottles. They wouldn't touch them due to risk of breakage. We went with polypropylene after that.
- Swizec 12y ago
  Seriously? The baby bottle I had as a kid (27 years ago) was made of glass so thick I can't even begin to imagine what would break it. It's survived two babies (me and my sister), countless hikes, seaside vacations, boilings, reboilings, and probably a fair share of being thrown every which way. We still use it sometimes because it's handy as a measuring cup and I wouldn't be surprised if it stays in the family for a few more decades. For comparison, I don't think a single piece of the "camping proof unbreakable" dish set my parents bought when I was ten is still alive. Glass is tough.
  - kuida0r3 12y ago
    Most glass bottles (Lifefactory, AVENT, Boobunny) use borosilicate glass which is what they use for laboratory glassware partly because it is stronger than normal glass. Many of these brands also sell a silicone sleeve that protects the bottle from being dropped.
  - Pxtl 12y ago
    Ceramic floors beat the glass bottle. Also, they leave dents in hardwood floors. Still worth using, just keep their limits in mind.
- nmcfarl 12y ago
  Interesting - the only 2 daycares I know well enough to know the policy (if you want to call it that), both accept glass - or rather whatever you bring in. Both expensive places in center Seattle. I didn't even know there was another option.
  - sliverstorm 12y ago
    In Seattle, they probably have to field far stranger requests every day. Cost of doing business in super progressive towns.
AndrewKemendo 12y ago
We use the stainless steel Kleen Kanteens for out of the house and nearly unbreakable French glass tumblers from Picardie.
- eitally 12y ago
  Ditto (except a different brand than Kleen Kanteen). Duralex makes a full line of dinnerware, too, btw. Besides Picardie tumblers (in three different sizes), we also have bowls, plates and salad plates. :) Highly recommended and also inexpensive!!
Htsthbjig 12y ago
Yes, glass. The article talks about all plastics, but in reality is "all plastics that are transparent" like glass. So if you need to use plastic bottles, use ugly polyethylene or polypropylene ones. Those are white, like this: https://www.flickr.com/photos/yasuo68/5970772804/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/yasuo68/5970772804/ Polyethylene manufacturing is as simple as it could be, they don't need the crazy additives PET needs. But those are so ugly companies don't want to use them. PET is beautiful and you could make it in colors like blue-transparent, or red-transparent so people and companies love them.
- Htsthbjig 12y ago
  You can see what type of plastic you have just looking at the triangle mark with a number and some letters. Every plastic has a mark for recycling.
  - markdown 12y ago
    Not true. #thirdworldproblems
- ScottBurson 12y ago
  That's what I thought, but then I read somewhere that BPA has been found leaching from HDPE also, as well as PET. (Perhaps in much smaller quantities; it didn't say.) In brief poking around the Web I find a couple of sites that say that not only are H/LDPE and PP okay, so is PET. The only thing everyone agrees on is that polycarbonate has BPA (or an equally bad replacement). As far as the others go, I'm not really sure what to think at this point.
rayiner 12y ago
Look. In 1970, over 75% of kids in the US were never breastfed, which means they drank milk from BPA containing bottles from day 1. And they turned out fine. Don't get unreasonably worried about it. That white collar job with a lot of sitting that you're hoping he or she will get will do much worse things to the body. And if you're driving your kid around in the burbs, well BPA is in the noise compared to that staggering risk. Leading cause of death for kids 2-25. I have a two year old daughter who drinks out of clear plastic bottles and sleeps on a mattress containing fire retardant chemicals, and at the end of the day by far the biggest risk I expose her to is driving down to her grandparents' on the weekend.
- staunch 12y ago
  So you're saying I have to buy an even better car seat. Maybe a new car. Got it! (My boy is 8 days old)
- danielweber 12y ago
  Following up on this, the opening paragraph to the Freakonomics chapter on parenting talks about how, as a new parent, your IQ drops 10 points and all sorts of marketers will completely overwhelm you with the fear that you are doing something wrong with your kids. Take your kids to the doctor regularly and you'll be okay. If you are doing something that 80% of the rest of society is doing and it turns out to be a subtle mistake, there will still be lots of people around you who made the same mistake and will help you figure out how to recover. Relax. Enjoy your kids! They'll turn into teenagers before you know it.
- joezydeco 12y ago
  ...and in the 70's homes were painted with lead paint and the cars burned leaded gas, the outside air was full of asbestos brake pad dust, cribs could strangle you 10 different ways, and everyone around you smoked, including your mother. We all survived. He's right. There are worse things to worry about.
  - zurn 12y ago
    Hmm, many good things in society peaked in 70s... <dons tinfoil hat>
electromagnetic 12y ago
If breast feeding isn't an option (wasn't for us), use glass up until they're old enough that they want to start holding their own bottle. After that we've used the playtex liners. They're LDPE (polyethylene) and not known to leach any chemicals known or suspected of causing cancer or disrupting hormones. The nipples are 100% silicone, with the only cautions coming from cooking in silicone (primarily baking) far exceeding the temperatures you'll ever get warming a bottle. Make sure any glass bottles have silicone nipples too (some brands don't). The reason to use the disposable liners is basically: no concerns about BPA, less hassle, you can warm the milk faster, and you only have to sterilize the nipples (most important in the first few months to prevent thrush, which can stop them drinking). Using stainless steel is risky due to manganese, which means they're either coated with polycarbonate meaning BPA, or PET. So you've got a stainless steel coated polyethylene liner... kind of redundant. We used to float the liners in a Thermos full of hot tap water, it was usually at temp within 5 minutes (you can do the stir and shake in emergencies, and you get it warmed in about a minute). Good luck, don't panic! You need to conserve that vital energy for sleep. My son is almost 15 months. I've been so long without sleep, that the rare occasion I get 8 hours or more I think my body just assumes I'm dead and starts breaking down.
- bollockitis 12y ago
  > You need to conserve that vital energy for sleep. My son is almost 15 months. I've been so long without sleep, that the rare occasion I get 8 hours or more I think my body just assumes I'm dead and starts breaking down. I feel your pain. My daughter just turned 1. Up until a month ago, she was still waking up 3 or 4 times a night. Sometimes more. We had gone so long without regular sleep that my wife and I had gained over 30 pounds. We became irritable, tense, and we were getting ourselves noticed at work for poor performance and tardiness. And despite being happily married for nearly 15 years, our mariage was in jeopardy. We decided it was time to try sleep training. We first tried a gentle, "fewer tears" method[1]. It sort of worked, but my daughter quickly regressed and became worse than before. Our presence stimulated her rather than soothed her, so staying in the room just made things worse. So, in desperation, we tried Jodi Mindell's more old-fashioned method[2]. It worked. Beginning on night 3 of sleep training, we got 8 hours of unbroken, joyous sleep, and we have gotten regular sleep ever since. My daughter still wakes from time-to-time, but it's no big deal now. We can put her back to sleep in a matter of minutes rather than the hours it used to take before. The best part though is that my daughter is so much more rested as well. We didn't realize that her poor sleep habits were taking such a toll on her. After a few days of good sleep, she began to smile and laugh more often. She began babbling like never before. She was less cranky, more patient, and her daytime naps even improved. It was like a damn miracle. Anyway, long story short: take your own advice and prioritize your sleep. If you haven't tried sleep training yet, do it. [1]: http://www.amazon.com/Sleep-Lady%C2%AE%C2%92s-Good-Night-Tight/dp/1593155581 http://www.amazon.com/Sleep-Lady%C2%AE%C2%92s-Good-Night-Tig... [2]: http://www.amazon.com/Sleeping-Through-Night-Infants-Toddlers-ebook/dp/B000FC13TU http://www.amazon.com/Sleeping-Through-Night-Infants-Toddler...
ern 12y ago
While switching to glass sounds like a good option, I have to point out that glass breaks. How does the known risk of glass breaking, and cutting children compare to the theoretical risk of these plastic containers? Or the pain caused by hitting their heads with glass containers? Personally, I would never consider giving my children glass containers to sleep with.
- smtddr 12y ago
  I got my 3 yr old daughter on one of these: https://www.lifefactory.com/reusability https://www.lifefactory.com/reusability Dropped it a few times, didn't break... of course I dunno about a concrete sidewalk or anything. But in the home, it's pretty good. Seems to at least survive falling on the kitchen tiles. Not from the height of an adult drinking it, I dunno about that. But from the height of a 3 yr old girl dropping it.
- sliverstorm 12y ago
  Things like mason jars are pretty damn sturdy, and unless you have stairs your foot-tall six-month-old is going to be hard-pressed to drop that jar very far.
DanBC 12y ago
I kind of agree with Rayiner that once you start down the rabbit hole there is no end and you will worry about everything. There are big things that absolutely do matter: tobacco; some medicinal drugs; excess[1] alcohol; stress; unpasteurised milk; etc. Since the overwhelming advice is to breastfeed babies until six months you might find time is better spent finding sources of support for breastfeeding. Having said all that: There are glass feeding bottles available if you want them. I have no idea what you'd use to pump into those bottles, nor what teat you'd chose. [1] We don't know what "excess" means here, so recommendations are "zero" which causes anxiety and distress.

Yes, glass is the safest option.

there's lots of stainless steel bottles and containers out there for when you're on the go. pyrex is also great for food storage in the kitchen / fridge (cheap glass breaks :). small Corelle dishes are ideal for snacks / fruit at home - they are almost indestructible.

raamdev 12y ago

I have a baby girl turning 1 in a few weeks and my wife and I opted to only use glass bottles for her. More scary, however, is all the stuff they put in everything else. For example, the fire retardant chemicals they use in manufacturing things like baby mattresses, which have been shown to cause neurological issues, especially in children. Look for a tag on any pillows or mattresses that says "complies with California Technical Bulletin 117"; that means it was treated. Also, check out the documentary "Toxic Hot Seat". My wife and I sleep on the floor, with a few blankets, and have slept with our daughter between us since day one (she never slept in a crib). I felt so unprepared prior to my daughters birth. I still feel terribly unprepared. But I find that I'm a lot more proactive now about doing my own research to at least help reduce the probability that I'll put my little one in danger (and all we can really do is reduce the probability, since massive amounts of misinformation ensure it will be nearly impossible for the average person to really get to the truth about some of this stuff).

AndrewKemendo 12y ago
Stick with wool mattresses and clothing for infants and toddlers and you should be good - fire resistant, water resistant and very comfortable. All of our big beds are either natural latex mattresses inside ecowool covers or pure wool in a quilted wool cover.
- whyenot 12y ago
  I thought flame retardants still had to be added to wool mattresses. This source seems to back that up, but the information may be biased or out of date. http://www.strobel.com/wool_burns.htm http://www.strobel.com/wool_burns.htm
Htsthbjig 12y ago
So bad about fire retardant in mattresses. They got the law that forces every mattress threated with the excuse that it will give you time if a fire starts. Big business. What they don't tell you is that most fires in homes are created by smokers. If nobody in your home smokes you should be able to opt out of buying this sh*t.
- XorNot 12y ago
  Ok so a bunch of people have commented on that, but what is the mechanism of toxicity of the chemicals? Can they be absorbed through the stomach, skin, inhaled? Are they surface bound or on the filling? Would you have to eat the filling to be exposed? What are the threshold levels involved to create danger?
- pragmar 12y ago
  Apparently, smoking related fires are deadly, but rarer than you'd think (causing only 2% of residential fires, though surprisingly 14% of deaths). But point taken with regards to smoking in bed, which is apparently still a thing.. http://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/reports/smoking.shtm http://www.usfa.fema.gov/statistics/reports/smoking.shtm
mbca 12y ago
> My wife and I sleep on the floor, with a few blankets, and have slept with our daughter between us since day one And when your daughter is old enough to talk, she'll tell everyone she sleeps on the floor, and CPS will come take her away (this sort of thing is a major fear of mine -- some minor idiosyncrasy or eccentricity will be taken out of context and misinterpreted as a sign of an "unfit" home, and they'll come a-knockin').
- raamdev 12y ago
  I grew up sleeping on the floor, and I was home schooled (through high school). As a kid, I had a premade story ready-to-go if a stranger asked why I wasn't in school: "I have a dentist appointment today." I'll be home schooling my daughter and I think by the time she's old enough to "tell everyone" anything, I'll have already explained things to her.
sliverstorm 12y ago
That's trading evils a bit though. Before fire retardants in furniture, I believe fires involving furniture was a leading cause of death (and not just in babies)

frankosaurus 12y ago

I went with glass for the first 6 months. Unfortunately, it was impossible to find a daycare that would accept glass bottles. They wouldn't touch them due to risk of breakage. We went with polypropylene after that.

Swizec 12y ago
Seriously? The baby bottle I had as a kid (27 years ago) was made of glass so thick I can't even begin to imagine what would break it. It's survived two babies (me and my sister), countless hikes, seaside vacations, boilings, reboilings, and probably a fair share of being thrown every which way. We still use it sometimes because it's handy as a measuring cup and I wouldn't be surprised if it stays in the family for a few more decades. For comparison, I don't think a single piece of the "camping proof unbreakable" dish set my parents bought when I was ten is still alive. Glass is tough.
- kuida0r3 12y ago
  Most glass bottles (Lifefactory, AVENT, Boobunny) use borosilicate glass which is what they use for laboratory glassware partly because it is stronger than normal glass. Many of these brands also sell a silicone sleeve that protects the bottle from being dropped.
- Pxtl 12y ago
  Ceramic floors beat the glass bottle. Also, they leave dents in hardwood floors. Still worth using, just keep their limits in mind.
nmcfarl 12y ago
Interesting - the only 2 daycares I know well enough to know the policy (if you want to call it that), both accept glass - or rather whatever you bring in. Both expensive places in center Seattle. I didn't even know there was another option.
- sliverstorm 12y ago
  In Seattle, they probably have to field far stranger requests every day. Cost of doing business in super progressive towns.

AndrewKemendo 12y ago

We use the stainless steel Kleen Kanteens for out of the house and nearly unbreakable French glass tumblers from Picardie.

eitally 12y ago
Ditto (except a different brand than Kleen Kanteen). Duralex makes a full line of dinnerware, too, btw. Besides Picardie tumblers (in three different sizes), we also have bowls, plates and salad plates. :) Highly recommended and also inexpensive!!

Htsthbjig 12y ago

Yes, glass. The article talks about all plastics, but in reality is "all plastics that are transparent" like glass. So if you need to use plastic bottles, use ugly polyethylene or polypropylene ones. Those are white, like this: https://www.flickr.com/photos/yasuo68/5970772804/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/yasuo68/5970772804/ Polyethylene manufacturing is as simple as it could be, they don't need the crazy additives PET needs. But those are so ugly companies don't want to use them. PET is beautiful and you could make it in colors like blue-transparent, or red-transparent so people and companies love them.

Htsthbjig 12y ago
You can see what type of plastic you have just looking at the triangle mark with a number and some letters. Every plastic has a mark for recycling.
- markdown 12y ago
  Not true. #thirdworldproblems
ScottBurson 12y ago
That's what I thought, but then I read somewhere that BPA has been found leaching from HDPE also, as well as PET. (Perhaps in much smaller quantities; it didn't say.) In brief poking around the Web I find a couple of sites that say that not only are H/LDPE and PP okay, so is PET. The only thing everyone agrees on is that polycarbonate has BPA (or an equally bad replacement). As far as the others go, I'm not really sure what to think at this point.

rayiner 12y ago

Look. In 1970, over 75% of kids in the US were never breastfed, which means they drank milk from BPA containing bottles from day 1. And they turned out fine. Don't get unreasonably worried about it. That white collar job with a lot of sitting that you're hoping he or she will get will do much worse things to the body. And if you're driving your kid around in the burbs, well BPA is in the noise compared to that staggering risk. Leading cause of death for kids 2-25. I have a two year old daughter who drinks out of clear plastic bottles and sleeps on a mattress containing fire retardant chemicals, and at the end of the day by far the biggest risk I expose her to is driving down to her grandparents' on the weekend.

staunch 12y ago
So you're saying I have to buy an even better car seat. Maybe a new car. Got it! (My boy is 8 days old)
danielweber 12y ago
Following up on this, the opening paragraph to the Freakonomics chapter on parenting talks about how, as a new parent, your IQ drops 10 points and all sorts of marketers will completely overwhelm you with the fear that you are doing something wrong with your kids. Take your kids to the doctor regularly and you'll be okay. If you are doing something that 80% of the rest of society is doing and it turns out to be a subtle mistake, there will still be lots of people around you who made the same mistake and will help you figure out how to recover. Relax. Enjoy your kids! They'll turn into teenagers before you know it.
joezydeco 12y ago
...and in the 70's homes were painted with lead paint and the cars burned leaded gas, the outside air was full of asbestos brake pad dust, cribs could strangle you 10 different ways, and everyone around you smoked, including your mother. We all survived. He's right. There are worse things to worry about.
- zurn 12y ago
  Hmm, many good things in society peaked in 70s... <dons tinfoil hat>

electromagnetic 12y ago

If breast feeding isn't an option (wasn't for us), use glass up until they're old enough that they want to start holding their own bottle. After that we've used the playtex liners. They're LDPE (polyethylene) and not known to leach any chemicals known or suspected of causing cancer or disrupting hormones. The nipples are 100% silicone, with the only cautions coming from cooking in silicone (primarily baking) far exceeding the temperatures you'll ever get warming a bottle. Make sure any glass bottles have silicone nipples too (some brands don't). The reason to use the disposable liners is basically: no concerns about BPA, less hassle, you can warm the milk faster, and you only have to sterilize the nipples (most important in the first few months to prevent thrush, which can stop them drinking). Using stainless steel is risky due to manganese, which means they're either coated with polycarbonate meaning BPA, or PET. So you've got a stainless steel coated polyethylene liner... kind of redundant. We used to float the liners in a Thermos full of hot tap water, it was usually at temp within 5 minutes (you can do the stir and shake in emergencies, and you get it warmed in about a minute). Good luck, don't panic! You need to conserve that vital energy for sleep. My son is almost 15 months. I've been so long without sleep, that the rare occasion I get 8 hours or more I think my body just assumes I'm dead and starts breaking down.

bollockitis 12y ago
> You need to conserve that vital energy for sleep. My son is almost 15 months. I've been so long without sleep, that the rare occasion I get 8 hours or more I think my body just assumes I'm dead and starts breaking down. I feel your pain. My daughter just turned 1. Up until a month ago, she was still waking up 3 or 4 times a night. Sometimes more. We had gone so long without regular sleep that my wife and I had gained over 30 pounds. We became irritable, tense, and we were getting ourselves noticed at work for poor performance and tardiness. And despite being happily married for nearly 15 years, our mariage was in jeopardy. We decided it was time to try sleep training. We first tried a gentle, "fewer tears" method[1]. It sort of worked, but my daughter quickly regressed and became worse than before. Our presence stimulated her rather than soothed her, so staying in the room just made things worse. So, in desperation, we tried Jodi Mindell's more old-fashioned method[2]. It worked. Beginning on night 3 of sleep training, we got 8 hours of unbroken, joyous sleep, and we have gotten regular sleep ever since. My daughter still wakes from time-to-time, but it's no big deal now. We can put her back to sleep in a matter of minutes rather than the hours it used to take before. The best part though is that my daughter is so much more rested as well. We didn't realize that her poor sleep habits were taking such a toll on her. After a few days of good sleep, she began to smile and laugh more often. She began babbling like never before. She was less cranky, more patient, and her daytime naps even improved. It was like a damn miracle. Anyway, long story short: take your own advice and prioritize your sleep. If you haven't tried sleep training yet, do it. [1]: http://www.amazon.com/Sleep-Lady%C2%AE%C2%92s-Good-Night-Tight/dp/1593155581 http://www.amazon.com/Sleep-Lady%C2%AE%C2%92s-Good-Night-Tig... [2]: http://www.amazon.com/Sleeping-Through-Night-Infants-Toddlers-ebook/dp/B000FC13TU http://www.amazon.com/Sleeping-Through-Night-Infants-Toddler...

ern 12y ago

While switching to glass sounds like a good option, I have to point out that glass breaks. How does the known risk of glass breaking, and cutting children compare to the theoretical risk of these plastic containers? Or the pain caused by hitting their heads with glass containers? Personally, I would never consider giving my children glass containers to sleep with.

smtddr 12y ago
I got my 3 yr old daughter on one of these: https://www.lifefactory.com/reusability https://www.lifefactory.com/reusability Dropped it a few times, didn't break... of course I dunno about a concrete sidewalk or anything. But in the home, it's pretty good. Seems to at least survive falling on the kitchen tiles. Not from the height of an adult drinking it, I dunno about that. But from the height of a 3 yr old girl dropping it.
sliverstorm 12y ago
Things like mason jars are pretty damn sturdy, and unless you have stairs your foot-tall six-month-old is going to be hard-pressed to drop that jar very far.

DanBC 12y ago

I kind of agree with Rayiner that once you start down the rabbit hole there is no end and you will worry about everything. There are big things that absolutely do matter: tobacco; some medicinal drugs; excess[1] alcohol; stress; unpasteurised milk; etc. Since the overwhelming advice is to breastfeed babies until six months you might find time is better spent finding sources of support for breastfeeding. Having said all that: There are glass feeding bottles available if you want them. I have no idea what you'd use to pump into those bottles, nor what teat you'd chose. [1] We don't know what "excess" means here, so recommendations are "zero" which causes anxiety and distress.