There are many different regulatory environments, but the utility I worked at, where I wrote programs to calculate the hourly price of electricity, the utility

There are many different regulatory environments, but the utility I worked at, where I wrote programs to calculate the hourly price of electricity, the utility made zero dollars from usage by residential customers. Residential customers payed a fixed rate to be connected, and every penny the utility collected for energy was remitted to the market operator. The utility also made no money on energy by large users, but they were billed based on their own hourly use and the hourly price, and some also would have had demand charges.