Replaced in a personal sense is different than replaced in a population sense. Any person may not have replaced ICE with electric. But when the population loses

Replaced in a personal sense is different than replaced in a population sense. Any person may not have replaced ICE with electric. But when the population loses a member that used ICE and gains a member that uses an e-bike, that's a replacement. There can be new demand too, if these e-bike trips represent trips that would not have been taken due to distance, lack of public transport to the destination, etc. An e-bike could be an acceptable equivalent of the scooter that crowds many a city globally.