Unfortunately the time to think about digital sovereignty was back in the 1970s. We've stacked on so many layers of abstraction to computing and every step of

Unfortunately the time to think about digital sovereignty was back in the 1970s. We've stacked on so many layers of abstraction to computing and every step of the way Europe missed the boat due to its underlying structural issues for investment and fragmented cultures/markets. It's quite frankly too late. Here's a NYT article from 34 years ago with the exact same story as today: https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/22/business/europe-stumbles-in-computers.html https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/22/business/europe-stumbles-... Europe missed the PC, the internet, the smartphone, and is currently burying its head in the sand over AI. Dumping a bunch of money into building an inferior domestic version of Microsoft 365 just as it's about to be disrupted by AI-native paradigms would be the amusing cherry on top. It'd be like Apple moving the final cardboard packaging step to US factories and claiming their entire supply chain is 'sovereign.' Sure, China can't affect that last packaging step. But every layer of (far more important) abstraction below it they still have power over.