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"Simple" is a cop-out word. Things can be simple along a lot of vectors. The vector you've chosen seems to be "does less for you" which taken ad absurdum would
by kerkeslager 2y ago
"Simple" is a cop-out word. Things can be simple along a lot of vectors. The vector you've chosen seems to be "does less for you" which taken ad absurdum would have you using assembly. Go does have elegant abstractions, and they aren't the simplest along this vector, nor would anyone want them to be. Coroutines, for example, are actually quite conceptually complicated in some ways.
I prefer "understandable"--it appears this is what you're trying to get when you say "simple", but I think you're drastically overselling the understandability of go code. Sure, you understand any given line easily (what you described as "readable"), but you're not usually trying to understand one line of code. Since go's sparse feature set provides few effective tools for chunking[1] your mental model of the program, complex functionality ends up being in too large of chunks to be understood easily. This problem gets worse as programs grow in size.
Another poster mentioned that they start running into problems and wishing they had explicit types with Python programs over 10K LOC, which approximately matches my experience. But comparing to go, you've got to realize that 10K LOC of Python does a whole lot more than 10K LOC of Go; you'd have to write a lot more Go to achieve the same functionality because of all the boilerplate. That's not necessarily a downside because that boilerplate is giving you benefits, and I don't think entering your code into the computer is the limiting factor in development speed. But it does mean that a fair comparison of equally-complex programs is going to be a lot more lines of Go than Python, i.e. a fair comparison of might be 10K LOC of Python vs 50K LOC of Go. I say "might be" because I don't know what the numbers would be exactly.
How many people have written or worked on projects in Go of that complexity? How many people have written or worked on programs of equivalent complexity in other languages to compare? I'm seeing people discuss how easy it is to start a project in Go, but nobody is talking about how easy it is to maintain 50K LOC of Go.
I've worked on projects of >200K LOC in Python, and the possibly-equivalent >500K LOC in C#. I think the C# was easier to work with, but that's largely because the 200K lines of Python made heavy use of monkey patching, and I've worked in smaller C# codebases that made heavy use of dependency injection to similar detriment. I'm honestly not sure which feels more maintainable to me, given a certain level of discipline to not use certain misfeatures.
I haven't written as much Go, and I wouldn't, because the features of C# which make it viable for projects of this complexity simply aren't present, and unlike Python, Go doesn't provide good alternatives. I suspect the reason we don't have many people talking about this is that not many projects have grown to this complexity, and when they do these problems will become apparent.
The real weak point is Go's type system--it's genuinely terrible, because the features that came standard in other modern statically-typed languages decades before Go was invented were bolted onto Go after the fact. Gophers initially claimed they didn't need generics for a few years. As a result you've got conflicting systems developed before `go generate` (using casts), after `go generate` but before generics (using go generate), and after generics (using generics). It's telling that you seemingly reject generics ("clever library using elegant abstraction and generics") even though go has them now.
Attacking Haskell is sort of a straw man--so far I haven't seen anyone in this thread propose Haskell as a go alternative. I think we agree Haskell is far too dogmatic about its abstractions when it's impractical to be used as a general-purpose language (because I don't think it's intended as a general-purpose language).
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_(psychology) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_(psychology)
- truth_seeker 2y agoSpot on ! same feeling here !
- deleted 2y ago[deleted]
- sethammons 2y agoFwiw I have worked on multiple many hundred of thousands lines of code projects in multiple languages, several of which we rewrote from python, perl, php, and ruby to go where I first maintained the existing code and then worked on a rewrite. I've also walked into existing large Go projects and worked in elixir and some limited js. In each and every case except one (some contractors did something really odd in trying to write go like java or ruby, can't recall, but the code was terribad), the go version was both more performant and easier to maintain. This is measured by counting bugs, development velocity, and mean time to remediation.
- kerkeslager 2y agoMeaningful comparisons between programming languages are difficult. I've done rewrites of Python programs in Python, and the rewrites were more performant and easier to maintain. My point is, is it the language? Or is it the fact that when you rewrite something, you understand which parts of the program are difficult, you know the gotchas, and you eliminate all the misfeatures you thought you needed the first time but didn't. In short, I suspect the benefit of learning from your mistakes is probably far more valuable than switching languages in either direction.
- sethammons 2y agoHands down, the language made the projects easier to maintain. I have also rewritten from php to python, python to python, and perl to perl, many greenfield projects in each, etc. Why did the language matter? Largely, static typing, concurrency ergonomics, fast compilation, and easy to ship/run single binaries. The fact it also saved 10-20x in server costs was a great bonus. Better design can absolutely improve a project and make it easier to maintain and more performant. And bad code can be written in any language. I am more and more convinced that dynamically typed code doesn't have a place in medium to large organizations where a codebase no longer fits in one person's head.