And in your scenario where you handle errors with an Either type, how many times have you seen code where that kind of thing just gets upcasted because the call

And in your scenario where you handle errors with an Either type, how many times have you seen code where that kind of thing just gets upcasted because the caller can't be bothered to deal with the specialized error? I think this is a strawman argument against exceptions and it's equally possible to do it wrong with your way as it is with my way.