5 ms·

From another thread: > On my machine with sha extensions, blake3 is about 15% faster (single threaded in both cases) than sha256. https://news.ycombinator.com

From another thread: > On my machine with sha extensions, blake3 is about 15% faster (single threaded in both cases) than sha256. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22237387 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22237387

vluft 3y ago
followup to this now with further blake3 improvements, on a faster machine now but with sha extensions vs single-threaded blake3; blake3 is about 2.5x faster than sha256 now. (b3sum 1.5.0 vs openssl 3.0.11). b3sum is about 9x faster than sha256sum from coreutils (GNU, 9.3) which does not use the sha extensions. Benchmark 1: openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 576.8 ms ± 3.5 ms [User: 415.0 ms, System: 161.8 ms] Range (min … max): 569.7 ms … 580.3 ms 10 runs Benchmark 2: b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 228.7 ms ± 3.7 ms [User: 168.7 ms, System: 59.5 ms] Range (min … max): 223.5 ms … 234.9 ms 13 runs Benchmark 3: sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 2.062 s ± 0.025 s [User: 1.923 s, System: 0.138 s] Range (min … max): 2.046 s … 2.130 s 10 runs Summary b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G ran 2.52 ± 0.04 times faster than openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G 9.02 ± 0.18 times faster than sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G
- 0xdeafbeef 3y ago
  Interestingly, sha256sum and openssl don't use sha_ni. iced-cpuid $(which b3sum) AVX AVX2 AVX512F AVX512VL BMI1 CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 SSE4_1 SSSE3 SYSCALL XSAVE iced-cpuid $(which openssl ) CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 iced-cpuid $(which sha256sum) CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 Also, sha256sum in my case is a bit faster Benchmark 1: openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 540.0 ms ± 1.1 ms [User: 406.2 ms, System: 132.0 ms] Range (min … max): 538.5 ms … 542.3 ms 10 runs Benchmark 2: b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 279.6 ms ± 0.8 ms [User: 213.9 ms, System: 64.4 ms] Range (min … max): 278.6 ms … 281.1 ms 10 runs Benchmark 3: sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 509.0 ms ± 6.3 ms [User: 386.4 ms, System: 120.5 ms] Range (min … max): 504.6 ms … 524.2 ms 10 runs
  - vluft 3y ago
    not sure that tool is correct; on my openssl it shows same output as you have there, but not aes-ni which is definitely enabled and functional. ETA: ahh you want to do that on libcrypto: iced-cpuid <...>/libcrypto.so.3: ADX AES AVX AVX2 AVX512BW AVX512DQ AVX512F AVX512VL AVX512_IFMA BMI1 BMI2 CET_IBT CLFSH CMOV D3NOW MMX MOVBE MSR PCLMULQDQ PREFETCHW RDRAND RDSEED RTM SHA SMM SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSE4_1 SSSE3 SYSCALL TSC VMX XOP XSAVE
    - vluft 3y ago
      further research suggests that GNU coreutils cksum will use libcrypto in some configurations (though not mine); I expect that both both your commands above are actually using sha-ni
- TacticalCoder 3y ago
  > ...on a faster machine now but with sha extensions vs single-threaded blake3; blake3 is about 2.5x faster than sha256 now But one of the sweet benefit of blake3 is that it is parallelized by default. I picked blake3 not because it's 2.5x faster than sha256 when running b3sum with "--num-threads 1" but because, with the default, it's 16x faster than sha256 (on a machine with "only" 8 cores). And Blake3, contrarily to some other "parallelizable" hashes, give the same hash no matter if you run it with one thread or any number of threads (IIRC there are hashes which have different executables depending if you want to run the single-threaded or multi-threader version of the hash, and they give different checksums). I tried on my machine (which is a bit slower than yours) and I get: 990 ms openssl sha256 331 ms b3sum --num-threads 1 70 ms b3sum That's where the big performance gain is when using Blake3 IMO (even though 2.5x faster than a fast sha256 even when single-threaded is already nice).
  - vluft 3y ago
    yup, for comparison, same file as above using all the threads (32) on my system, I get about 45ms with fully parallel permitted b3. It does run into diminishing returns fairly quickly though; unsurprisingly no improvements in perf using hyperthreading, but also improvements drop off pretty fast with more cores. b3sum --num-threads 16 /tmp/rand_1G ran 1.01 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 15 /tmp/rand_1G 1.01 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 14 /tmp/rand_1G 1.03 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 13 /tmp/rand_1G 1.04 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 12 /tmp/rand_1G 1.07 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 11 /tmp/rand_1G 1.10 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 10 /tmp/rand_1G 1.13 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 9 /tmp/rand_1G 1.20 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 8 /tmp/rand_1G 1.27 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 7 /tmp/rand_1G 1.37 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 6 /tmp/rand_1G 1.53 ± 0.05 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 5 /tmp/rand_1G 1.72 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 4 /tmp/rand_1G 2.10 ± 0.04 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 3 /tmp/rand_1G 2.84 ± 0.06 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 2 /tmp/rand_1G 5.03 ± 0.12 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G (over 16 elided from this run as they're all ~= the 16 time)
api 3y ago
I'd be curious to see power consumption. SHA (and AES) are usually available as what amounts to an ASIC built into the processor, while this requires a lot more work to be done with vector instructions.
- vluft 3y ago
  this is less precise than the perf numbers as I don't really have a way to measure power directly, but with rerunning the benchmarks above locked to a cpu core, it boosted ~the same level for all 3 commands (about 5.5ghz), so should be ~the same power usage.
- wmf 3y ago
  If Blake3 is 2.5x faster then it's going to be roughly 2.5x less energy.
  - silotis 3y ago
    That's not how it works on modern CPUs. Power draw at "100%" utilization can vary widely depending on what part of the core is being utilized. The SIMD units are typically the most power hungry part of the CPU by a large margin so just because a job finishes in less time doesn't mean total energy is necessarily lower.
    - wmf 3y ago
      I'm assuming that both SHA256 and Blake3 are using integer SIMD.
      - api 3y ago
        In some CPUs that may be true, but in many there are dedicated SHA instructions that amount to a SHA ASIC in the CPU. AES units are even more common. Most non-tiny CPUs have them these days.
        wmf 3y ago

vluft 3y ago

followup to this now with further blake3 improvements, on a faster machine now but with sha extensions vs single-threaded blake3; blake3 is about 2.5x faster than sha256 now. (b3sum 1.5.0 vs openssl 3.0.11). b3sum is about 9x faster than sha256sum from coreutils (GNU, 9.3) which does not use the sha extensions. Benchmark 1: openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 576.8 ms ± 3.5 ms [User: 415.0 ms, System: 161.8 ms] Range (min … max): 569.7 ms … 580.3 ms 10 runs Benchmark 2: b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 228.7 ms ± 3.7 ms [User: 168.7 ms, System: 59.5 ms] Range (min … max): 223.5 ms … 234.9 ms 13 runs Benchmark 3: sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 2.062 s ± 0.025 s [User: 1.923 s, System: 0.138 s] Range (min … max): 2.046 s … 2.130 s 10 runs Summary b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G ran 2.52 ± 0.04 times faster than openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G 9.02 ± 0.18 times faster than sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G

0xdeafbeef 3y ago
Interestingly, sha256sum and openssl don't use sha_ni. iced-cpuid $(which b3sum) AVX AVX2 AVX512F AVX512VL BMI1 CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 SSE4_1 SSSE3 SYSCALL XSAVE iced-cpuid $(which openssl ) CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 iced-cpuid $(which sha256sum) CET_IBT CMOV SSE SSE2 Also, sha256sum in my case is a bit faster Benchmark 1: openssl sha256 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 540.0 ms ± 1.1 ms [User: 406.2 ms, System: 132.0 ms] Range (min … max): 538.5 ms … 542.3 ms 10 runs Benchmark 2: b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 279.6 ms ± 0.8 ms [User: 213.9 ms, System: 64.4 ms] Range (min … max): 278.6 ms … 281.1 ms 10 runs Benchmark 3: sha256sum /tmp/rand_1G Time (mean ± σ): 509.0 ms ± 6.3 ms [User: 386.4 ms, System: 120.5 ms] Range (min … max): 504.6 ms … 524.2 ms 10 runs
- vluft 3y ago
  not sure that tool is correct; on my openssl it shows same output as you have there, but not aes-ni which is definitely enabled and functional. ETA: ahh you want to do that on libcrypto: iced-cpuid <...>/libcrypto.so.3: ADX AES AVX AVX2 AVX512BW AVX512DQ AVX512F AVX512VL AVX512_IFMA BMI1 BMI2 CET_IBT CLFSH CMOV D3NOW MMX MOVBE MSR PCLMULQDQ PREFETCHW RDRAND RDSEED RTM SHA SMM SSE SSE2 SSE3 SSE4_1 SSSE3 SYSCALL TSC VMX XOP XSAVE
  - vluft 3y ago
    further research suggests that GNU coreutils cksum will use libcrypto in some configurations (though not mine); I expect that both both your commands above are actually using sha-ni
TacticalCoder 3y ago
> ...on a faster machine now but with sha extensions vs single-threaded blake3; blake3 is about 2.5x faster than sha256 now But one of the sweet benefit of blake3 is that it is parallelized by default. I picked blake3 not because it's 2.5x faster than sha256 when running b3sum with "--num-threads 1" but because, with the default, it's 16x faster than sha256 (on a machine with "only" 8 cores). And Blake3, contrarily to some other "parallelizable" hashes, give the same hash no matter if you run it with one thread or any number of threads (IIRC there are hashes which have different executables depending if you want to run the single-threaded or multi-threader version of the hash, and they give different checksums). I tried on my machine (which is a bit slower than yours) and I get: 990 ms openssl sha256 331 ms b3sum --num-threads 1 70 ms b3sum That's where the big performance gain is when using Blake3 IMO (even though 2.5x faster than a fast sha256 even when single-threaded is already nice).
- vluft 3y ago
  yup, for comparison, same file as above using all the threads (32) on my system, I get about 45ms with fully parallel permitted b3. It does run into diminishing returns fairly quickly though; unsurprisingly no improvements in perf using hyperthreading, but also improvements drop off pretty fast with more cores. b3sum --num-threads 16 /tmp/rand_1G ran 1.01 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 15 /tmp/rand_1G 1.01 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 14 /tmp/rand_1G 1.03 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 13 /tmp/rand_1G 1.04 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 12 /tmp/rand_1G 1.07 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 11 /tmp/rand_1G 1.10 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 10 /tmp/rand_1G 1.13 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 9 /tmp/rand_1G 1.20 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 8 /tmp/rand_1G 1.27 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 7 /tmp/rand_1G 1.37 ± 0.02 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 6 /tmp/rand_1G 1.53 ± 0.05 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 5 /tmp/rand_1G 1.72 ± 0.03 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 4 /tmp/rand_1G 2.10 ± 0.04 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 3 /tmp/rand_1G 2.84 ± 0.06 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 2 /tmp/rand_1G 5.03 ± 0.12 times faster than b3sum --num-threads 1 /tmp/rand_1G (over 16 elided from this run as they're all ~= the 16 time)

api 3y ago

I'd be curious to see power consumption. SHA (and AES) are usually available as what amounts to an ASIC built into the processor, while this requires a lot more work to be done with vector instructions.

vluft 3y ago
this is less precise than the perf numbers as I don't really have a way to measure power directly, but with rerunning the benchmarks above locked to a cpu core, it boosted ~the same level for all 3 commands (about 5.5ghz), so should be ~the same power usage.
wmf 3y ago
If Blake3 is 2.5x faster then it's going to be roughly 2.5x less energy.
- silotis 3y ago
  That's not how it works on modern CPUs. Power draw at "100%" utilization can vary widely depending on what part of the core is being utilized. The SIMD units are typically the most power hungry part of the CPU by a large margin so just because a job finishes in less time doesn't mean total energy is necessarily lower.
  - wmf 3y ago
    I'm assuming that both SHA256 and Blake3 are using integer SIMD.
    - api 3y ago
      In some CPUs that may be true, but in many there are dedicated SHA instructions that amount to a SHA ASIC in the CPU. AES units are even more common. Most non-tiny CPUs have them these days.
      - wmf 3y ago