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I installed Windows 10 the other week - it kinda blew my mind how poor the install experience was. The iso contained files greater than 4GB, which breaks fat32
by greatcircle 3y ago
I installed Windows 10 the other week - it kinda blew my mind how poor the install experience was.
The iso contained files greater than 4GB, which breaks fat32, which I'm sure many people are still using on flash drives. So I had to use an MS cmd-line tool to split the wim files manually and edit the install files. Why doesn't the installer just use smaller archive files?
- jcotton42 3y agoSo, it does... but only if it's made using the media creation tool. ISOs or USBs made with MCT use the better compressed ESD format for the install archive. Only the direct ISO download uses the less-compressed WIM.
- 0xcoffee 3y agoI believe Microsoft provides the Media Creation Tool for this purpose. https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/create-installation-media-for-windows-99a58364-8c02-206f-aa6f-40c3b507420d https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/create-installat...
- ThatMedicIsASpy 3y agoFor Windows. I don't know if it changed but if your browsers user agent is not Windows you'll always get access to the .iso file as direct download. Windows iso these days can just be unpacked to a NTFS thumb drive.
- baz00 3y agoYou can make an NTFS USB stick as well then run bootsect on it and it’ll boot. That’ll take wim files of any size.
- vetinari 3y agoOnly if: - you want to boot in legacy mode (and your machine supports CSM) - your UEFI firmware supports NTFS (only mandatory filesystem is FAT32). Otherwise, if you want generic, UEFI boot media, you would have to find out how to boot from FAT32 partition and once your system runs, how to run installer from another partition.
- pbhjpbhj 3y agoBut then you'd use the same method as installing other OS and people would realise installing a Linux distro is easy. Of course MS already made it much harder with secureboot and "accidentally" wiping Linux installs when you install it second. Given the massive updates you immediately have to download, and the heavy push for only installing with an online account, there seems little reason to have anything beyond a minimal net installer on the USB stick. Microsoft taught me to be this cynical about their motives over a few decades.
- vladvasiliu 3y agoMeh, I don't have any love for windows, but IME newish versions seem quite well-behaved regarding Linux. Sure, they'll rewrite the UEFI boot order, but once you set it back to what you want, it leaves it alone. The one thing I absolutely hate, is the recovery partition at the end of the main C: drive. So that if you want to grow the C drive, you have to jump through some ridiculous hoops to move the recovery partition. Had they put it the other way around, it wouldn't have been 0 pain. Even with a healthy dose of cynicism, I really don't know what purpose this could serve.
- justsomehnguy 3y agoIt's legacy of the hard drives, you really want $MFT as close to the start of the disk as you can. It's configurable through MDT.
- birdman3131 3y agoGparted moves it with ease.
- Perz1val 3y agoA friend of mine recently installed windows to another drive (I hadn't had the chance to tell him to unplug every other drive) and sure enough, it did install with all of the funny partitions elsewhere. We though it will be easily fixable afterwards, but it's not - you cannot recreate it. With those gone the system cannot hibernate and it couldn't shut down until disabling fast startup. Updates don't work either, but it still tries doing them, fails rollbacks and restarts. Is it user error? Maybe, but I still blame the installer for not being clear and automatically picking a stupid setup.
- dataflow 3y ago> breaks fat32, which I'm sure many people are still using on flash drives They're probably expecting exFAT instead?
- RedShift1 3y agoUse NTFS instead of FAT32?
- boomboomsubban 3y agoBasically nothing compares to the portability of FAT based.
- bogantech 3y agoWhich doesn't matter for windows installation media
- boomboomsubban 3y agoSure, but if your default is to use FAT based something needing to use something else will cause confusion. I thought the post was saying to use NTFS for their drives normally, but I'm probably mistaken after thinking about it.
- vetinari 3y agoIt does. It has to boot in the first place. Only after windows kernel is running, it can read filesystems it supports.
- executesorder66 3y agoNo, use exFAT.
- vetinari 3y agoexFAT is not supported by UEFI. Only FAT32.
- executesorder66 3y agoThanks, that's good to know! Apologies for spreading misinformation.
- j-a-a-p 3y agoThere was a time when Linux distros tried to concur the desktop. For that they needed the normal user to re-install the OS. Windows never really had this challenge as Windows was and still is pre-installed. To ease the self installation quite a few nice innovations were made. One is a easy and beautiful install process. Also remember the LiveCD and not sure if related but the UnionFS was also a smart idea to support LiveCD deployments.
- gdprrrr 3y agoThe image contains the various editions (Home, Pro, etc) but only one language. Doesn't make sense to me as a company will like use one edition but possibly various languages.
- gumballindie 3y agoI tried installing it too, but oddly enough, it lacked drivers. Linux on the same machine runs flawlessly. I needed it for testing a new piece of software i am working on. I managed to install it after downloading a bunch of extras. Once installed it started downloading updates..and it went on and on and on. It’s such a low quality os it’s hilarious.
- eru 3y agoIt's not a low quality OS in general; they just haven't really optimized the use case of people installing their OS from scratch. Every organisation, commercial or otherwise, has finite resources. And the vast majority of their users would probably prefer they spend those limited resources on fixing things with a higher impact on them.
- patrick451 3y agoThe people would prefer that microsoft spend it's finite resource turning windows in an ad infested hellscape.
- mananaysiempre 3y ago> oddly enough, [Windows] lacked drivers. This is the situation with the upcoming 13-inch AMD Framework, by the way: apparently the official Windows 11 installation image doesn’t include drivers for the AMD/Mediatek RZ616 Wi-Fi card (2021), so they’re going to have to tell people to use Rufus to inject one. Fedora reportedly works out of the box.
- mschuster91 3y agoIt's mind-boggling that we have utterly basic fallback standards for storage (ATA, USB Storage Class), display (VGA), USB (xHCI), webcams (USB UVC), mice/touchpads/touchscreens/keyboards (PS/2, USB HID) or Bluetooth, with BIOS usually providing emulation layers for everything of that excluding webcams and bluetooth so you can theoretically take any modern x86 PC and hand-write a basic OS in Assembler if you want and have all of that sorted out, but nothing equivalent for networking (both wired and wireless) to make bootstrapping less of a pain. Every OS, no matter if Windows, Linux or BSD, needs to bring a crapload of drivers and binary firmware blobs with it, just to make sure networking works.
- gerdesj 3y agohttps://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB - you give it an MS iso and where to put it on a USB stick and it will do the job using NTFS, which doesn't have snags with >4GB files.
- vetinari 3y agoYou can just copy the files, there is no need for tools to prepare boot media. UEFI will look for efi/boot/bootx64.efi file (on x64 arch) on your removable drive and boot that. There are no magic boot sectors anymore. The issue is with filesystems recognized by UEFI firmwares. The only mandatory filesystem is FAT32. Some implementations (e.g. Intel systems) can read NTFS, but unless you are targeting such a system specifically, you get to use FAT32, period. And here comes the issue with the Microsoft's ISO files: the install.wim file is larger than 4 GB. It is possible to split it into multiple wim files, or recompress into esd archive (which is what the Microsoft's tool does), thus fitting into FAT32 limit.
- kwanbix 3y agoI imagine that very few people who use Windows have USBs on fat32. In fact, Windows format by defaults on NTFS with the option format on exFAT. There is no option fo format on FAT32, you need to use a specific tool. More so, most people just burn the iso to the usb, deleting everyhing on it.
- vetinari 3y agoWindows ISO files are iso9660, so you cannot "burn them" into the usb; only to optical drive. For USB, Microsoft provides media creation tool, which will format the usb to FAT32, and then copy the files there. As said elsewhere in this thread, it will use esd instead of wim container, which has better compression, so it will fit. The install USB can be neither NTFS nor exFAT, because neither of these filesystems are recognized by UEFI (as mandatory filesystem, by UEFI spec; yes, some implementations can recognize NTFS, but as a system vendor, you cannot rely on that). So if you want to boot it on a all systems, FAT32 is it.
- voltagex_ 3y agoThe Rufus author has capital O Opinions on this: https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/wiki/FAQ#user-content-Blah_UEFI_Blah_FAT32_therefore_Rufus_should_Blah https://github.com/pbatard/rufus/wiki/FAQ#user-content-Blah_...
- vetinari 3y agoHe is wrong; UEFI does specify FAT (section 13.3). It does not prevent supporting other filesystems, as well as other partition schemes or volume formats (nothing prevents UEFI from supporting LVM, for example), but only FAT and GPT are mandatory (i.e. "must"). Thus only FAT and GPT are implemented in 100% of shipped computers. Yes, you can get Intel NUC and yes, it does support NTFS in UEFI. It is also compliant with UEFI (i.e. "can"). But is is completely useless, if you are shipping media, that should be bootable by 100% of UEFI-using machines. It is usefull, only when you are targeting such machines specifically.
- 3y ago
- voltagex_ 3y agoThe installer is built for the Media Creation Tool, which handles this. Other option: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/split-a-windows-image--wim--file-to-span-across-multiple-dvds?view=windows-11 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufactu... Other other option: https://rufus.ie/en/ https://rufus.ie/en/
- antihero 3y ago> fat32, which I'm sure many people are still using on flash drives Why on earth would you do that? People have been using exFAT for many years now.
- taway1237 3y agoIsn't it still a default somewhere? I recently formatted a pendrive on Windows and somehow mindlessly selected FAT (and ofc had troubles down the road). I probably picked a default somewhere. And to respond your question: >Why on earth would you do that? People have been using exFAT for many years now. Most people have no idea what FAT is. If presented a choicee between FAT, exFAT, NTFS and ext4 I'm certain they don't care, don't understand the implication, and would just click a random option. Which is OK, not everyone should be a IT expert, it's MS job to make the experience smooth. edit: and a technical reason: i think FAT32 is the only guaranteed fs supported by UEFI
- thfuran 3y ago>If presented a choicee between FAT, exFAT, NTFS and ext4 I'm certain they don't care, don't understand the implication, and would just click a random option I think it would be quite rare for someone who has no idea to even be presented with such a choice in the first place.
- RGamma 3y agoThe Win10/11 setup uses 640x480 resolution or such nonsense on my system with 4k monitor, RX6*** card, so I have a teeny-tiny view of the interactive elements. Gave me a good laugh each time.
- thfuran 3y ago>which I'm sure many people are still using on flash drives It's nearing twenty years since I stopped using fat32. I rather doubt that's a good assumption in the modern era.
- bionade24 3y agoAt least in Germany all cheap USB sticks sold to average consumers in stores are still FAT32. I highly doubt they format different fs for different countries, the printing on the packaging indicates they're all sold EU-wide. FAT32 is still very dominant & I wonder why Microsoft & Apple don't push the vendors to use exFAT. Users unaware of filesystems won't need their stick being recognized by the UEFI, but they will have files > 4GB.
- NikolaNovak 3y agoThat is strange - I thought windows Media creator utility automatically formats usb to exactly what it needs. Even if i put I. fat32 or ext4 stick it'll create a working install.
- runjake 3y agoBecause you're supported to use NTFS, not FAT32. NTFS is the native format. But you don't have to do all that. Use the Media Creation Tool: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows11/ https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows11/ Edit: Or even better, as degenerate comments below, use Rufus, which is what I use.
- degenerate 3y agoOr for more options use Rufus: https://rufus.ie/en/ https://rufus.ie/en/
- zamadatix 3y agoIf you were supposed to use NTFS that's what the Media Creation tool would do. Instead it uses FAT32 and an image with superior compression (ESD). This is because FAT32 is the only required format for UEFI implementations to boot from. Some advanced tools, and I'd recommend looking at Ventoy over Rufus, use an intermediate loader to mitigate that. Others just let you assume the board supports NTFS boot.
- arthur2e5 3y agoRufus has an intermediate loader. One that's way less picky about what the MBR part is doing than Ventoy.
- IE6 3y agoanecdotally - I feel windows has gone the opposite direction and switched places with linux in terms of ease of installation. I've been using Linux for decades now but had to install Windows 11 for a gaming machine I built: * I couldn't install windows 11 because it was "missing drivers" (this took me back to 95) * Tried installing Windows 10 instead thinking to eventually upgrade to 11 * Got stuck in an update loop where it tried to install update named like 2H02 ~20 times (I wasn't paying attention to what it was actually updating and just kinda kept trying to update it until it was finished) * Tried to troubleshoot the issue, tried a few things * Gave up, installed ubuntu, checked how well the game works on Steam and it ran OK
- eloisant 3y agoIt's been that way for a long time now. Linux distribution try to make installation as easy as possible because most people need to install it themselves. Microsoft not caring about installation because most people buy it preinstalled on their PC.