I think it’s entirely fair to suggest the sanctions did not achieve their desired goals. I think it’s an entirely different thing to suggest it did “nothing”.

I think it’s entirely fair to suggest the sanctions did not achieve their desired goals. I think it’s an entirely different thing to suggest it did “nothing”. Oil revenues are off 45%. Its GDP was down 2% in 2022 while the thing it exports was up. Saudi Arabia’s and the UAE GDP set a record over the same time period as a point of reference. The OECD and World Bank anticipate GDP shrinkage this year as well. The ruble is at its lowest point in 20 years (if you remove the war shock). Thats even with the heroic activity of their central bank last year and current capital flight restrictions. Their sovereign wealth fund holds 16% less today than it did before the sanctions, because its being used to backstop the currency.