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To add reference to the claim that, "forests themselves are the best terraforming tool", one can take the example of Ascension Island. With the introduction of

To add reference to the claim that, "forests themselves are the best terraforming tool", one can take the example of Ascension Island. With the introduction of outside trees that formed an ecological foothold, they started cooling humid air and reinforcing the soil so that other plants and trees can flourish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island#Botany https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Island#Botany https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-11137903 https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-11137903 Once, This Island Had Just One Tree https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZPrk9IZ3Jw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TZPrk9IZ3Jw

robocat 4y ago
Looking at the satellite photos, a lot of the Island is still quite barren. Strangely enough, the Google maps satellite imagery is almost useless. Use Apple maps instead. If not on an Apple device, you can access Apple maps via https://duckduckgo.com/?q=ascension+island https://duckduckgo.com/?q=ascension+island (note: satellite imagery is not available this way on my iDevice). Here is another BBC article, which I think is far more balanced and talks about the negative issues of the biological cost of the planting: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36076411 https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36076411 The last volcanic eruption was 1508 or so. I did a quick Google to find some information on how long takes it generally takes for vegetative regeneration after volcanic eruptions. Looks like it depends on type of eruption and rainfall: “Mount Kelud in East Java has erupted on a 15–37-years cycle for the past centuries [snip] Within 3 years of the eruption, stem diameters were 3–10 cm. [snip] being able to establish itself rapidly in the extreme conditions that prevail after a recent ash deposition event (given the short return period of eruptions), but by enriching the ash deposits with nitrogen, paves the way for grasses to take over, which in turn delay succession to other woody vegetation” (not sure if the landscape was purely volcanically virgin). Obviously it can also takes centuries in the example of Ascension. A study in Hawaii looked at the order that types of vegetation took hold: https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/5/chap8a.htm https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/5/chap8...

robocat 4y ago

Looking at the satellite photos, a lot of the Island is still quite barren. Strangely enough, the Google maps satellite imagery is almost useless. Use Apple maps instead. If not on an Apple device, you can access Apple maps via https://duckduckgo.com/?q=ascension+island https://duckduckgo.com/?q=ascension+island (note: satellite imagery is not available this way on my iDevice). Here is another BBC article, which I think is far more balanced and talks about the negative issues of the biological cost of the planting: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36076411 https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36076411 The last volcanic eruption was 1508 or so. I did a quick Google to find some information on how long takes it generally takes for vegetative regeneration after volcanic eruptions. Looks like it depends on type of eruption and rainfall: “Mount Kelud in East Java has erupted on a 15–37-years cycle for the past centuries [snip] Within 3 years of the eruption, stem diameters were 3–10 cm. [snip] being able to establish itself rapidly in the extreme conditions that prevail after a recent ash deposition event (given the short return period of eruptions), but by enriching the ash deposits with nitrogen, paves the way for grasses to take over, which in turn delay succession to other woody vegetation” (not sure if the landscape was purely volcanically virgin). Obviously it can also takes centuries in the example of Ascension. A study in Hawaii looked at the order that types of vegetation took hold: https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/5/chap8a.htm https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/science/5/chap8...