1. Because they are all bankrupt/technically insolvent and trying to inflate and fight their way out of their debts to Russia, India and China. 2. Mostly pensi

1. Because they are all bankrupt/technically insolvent and trying to inflate and fight their way out of their debts to Russia, India and China. 2. Mostly pensions and pension funds - saving work now for payments later when you can't work - see 1. 2a. Additionally funding large projects which no one individual/institution can afford no matter how wealthy, such as building huge infrastructure projects like silk road and other national infrastructure. See 1.