This seems to be a good discussion. QM effects have already affected design decisions in some cases, and are a major factor in the design of the manufacturing

This seems to be a good discussion. QM effects have already affected design decisions in some cases, and are a major factor in the design of the manufacturing process machinery (which uses extreme UV / soft x-ray): https://semiengineering.com/quantum-effects-at-7-5nm/ https://semiengineering.com/quantum-effects-at-7-5nm/ > "Quantum effects typically occur well behind the curtain for most of the chip industry, baked into a set of design rules developed from foundry data that most companies never see. This explains why foundries and manufacturing equipment companies so far are the only ones that have been directly affected, and they have been making adjustments in their processes and products to account for those effects. But as designs shrink to 7/5nm and beyond, quantum effects are emerging as a more widespread and significant problem, and one that ultimately will affect everyone working at those nodes..." and > "“At very small dimensions of the body, the semiconductor band structure gets ‘quantized,’ so instead of a continuous energy spectrum for the carriers, for example, only discrete energy levels are allowed,” Mocuta said. This quantum confinement has several possible consequences. Among them: • A transistor threshold voltage change. • A change in the density of states (DOS), or the number of carriers available for current conduction. • A change in carrier injection velocity."