6 ms·

As an American with no high speed rail access (yeah Acela, I know), I can only imagine what its like to debate over the finer points of differences in high spee

by danans 4y ago

As an American with no high speed rail access (yeah Acela, I know), I can only imagine what its like to debate over the finer points of differences in high speed rail. Instead this was news to me: > France is currently undergoing an energy crisis, because the heat wave is such that river water cannot safely cool down its nuclear power plants Nuclear capacity curtailed due to a heat wave? That's a failure mode I'd not heard of.

konschubert 4y ago
The curtailment happens almost every summer now. But my understanding is that this is about environmental regulations that prevent power plants from heating the river water by too much. The plant itself would be able to run totally fine with the current water temperature, but it would raise the temperature beyond what environmental regulations allow. Instead, Europe is now burning Coal and Lignite. Which of course is much worse for the water temperature in the long run…
- pjc50 4y ago
  France has almost no coal left. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/france-rethinks-coal-power-station-closure-174891 https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/france-rethinks-coal-power... Germany is the one that's closing reactors, over post-Chernobyl/Fukushima fears, and burning coal instead. It also has a surprisingly powerful coal lobby.
  - atdrummond 4y ago
    Isn’t that lobby a remanent of the large East German coal industry? I’m thinking of eg. Lusatia’s coal belt.
    - yayachiken 4y ago
      The big energy suppliers burning coal all sit in Northrhine-Westfalia, the most populous state in Germany. Migrating away from (black) coal (used mostly in the steel industry) has caused big issues in the Ruhr area ("Strukturwandel", structural shift, meaning migration of significant parts of the workforce from coal to other sectors) in the past, which also means that the population is very wary of phasing out lignite as well. Pretty much everyone knows somebody who lost their job in a mine. Some cities like Gelsenkirchen are still structurally weak, like a lite version of Detroit. This means that politicians mow give expensive political gifts to the coal industry to provide retraining opportunities or early pensions, just so they can claim that they do not "forget" the workers this time. While in fact, there is maybe 30k people or so in all of Germany employed by coal and its dependent industries. And nobody cares that the wind and solar industry lost 100k or so workers over the last decade due to avoidable regulatory issues and the resulting low project volume. Anyways, you should not underestimate the amount of respect the coal workers always had in the Ruhr area. Digging coal in a below-ground mine is still the essential definition of "honest work" and sacrifice here. It's probably somewhat comparable to how military service is treated in the US, including the occasional "thank you for your service" and all. There are shrines dedicated to St. Barbara, the patron saint of mining, sprinkled everywhere, because people regularily prayed for their husbands, fathers, brothers, sons and friends to come home safely each day. Children learn the Steigerlied in school and sing it before football games. It's even worse than a lobby, the population mostly supports special treatment for the coal workers, as the mining and steel industry is still part of the cultural DNA.
      - willyt 4y ago
        Interesting. Parts of Britain were very similar. Things like every mine union chapter had its own brass band and the mine unions took great pride in thier traditions and thier local communities. Basically it’s neglected miners and steelworkers and other closed down heavy industries in the north of England that voted for Brexit just to pull the rug out from under everyone else because they were thrown on the scrap heap by Thatcher in the 1980’s and those areas never recovered. The liberal voting cities told the mining folk they were idiots for voting for brexit and so they switched allegiances from Labour (closely linked to the unions) to the Conservatives who were telling these people they were going to fix things for them, ‘levelling up’ the North of England. This hasn’t happened there is not even a coherent plan for how it could happen and the new candidates for prime minister are all going on about how they’re going to be more like Thatcher than the others, forgetting that the people who just switched to them hated her for destroying thier way of life. So be careful! Don’t disrespect the miners they will cause chaos if you annoy them!!
  - konschubert 4y ago
    Germany is burning more coal and gas to cover for French power shortages. The grids are interconnected. There is a European power market.
    - Glawen 4y ago
      This argument makes no sense, do you have number? The French reactors are shut down in summer because there is less electricity demand and you have an abundance of solar power. Under European market law, you are obliged to buy renewable energy if it is available. So I don't get how Germany would need to burn coal/gas for the french. If I look here, only 2% are imported from Germany https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/FR?utm_source=electricitymap.org&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=banner https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/FR?utm_source=electrici... The real problem is going to be this winter, where EDF needs to repair its nuclear reactors before the start of winter, in order to provide electricity for France and Germany. And that situation is pretty much due to the lack of vision of Germany and Merkel.
      - yayachiken 4y ago
        If you understand German, there is a great explanation how the energy market in Europe works here: https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/plusminus/teurer-strom-wieso-kraftwerksbetreiber-gerade-kein-gas-sparen/das-erste/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3BsdXNtaW51cy81ZWI1NGFlZi1mNTYwLTRhOTYtYTFhZC02ZmJjZjc3ZmY4MWE https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/plusminus/teurer-strom-wie... It explains why currently, even though gas is so prohibitively expensive, we still run gas powered plants at the moment, and also why even with relatively low transmission capacity between countries there is still big impact on energy prices. The tl;dr is: Energy prices are determined by taking the most expensive auction price that is required to cover the load at any given moment. Everyone who offered a cheaper rate may sell the energy, but receives the highest price that was accepted. This means that prices are highly non-linear and susceptible to supply shocks. Even though the changes from import to export with respect to France are small, a rather small reduction in cheap nuclear power immediately makes it a lot more profitable to produce energy, also making coal and gas viable again. Also note that this model explains the cheap price of nuclear and solar: You "only" need to ROI your initial capital eventually to turn a profit. When push comes to shove you would rather sell at any price above 0 (or at least a very low bottom) rather than turning off your plant and getting no income at all. You cannot do that when you still have significant operational expenses for fuel (coal, gas, stored water). On electricitymap you can see this behaviour in action as well. Even with something like 50% solar production, prices remain high, when suddenly, the prices collapse below zero after a certain threshold was reached. Also note that in these cases, the prices in France and Germany decouple. Customers on the German energy exchange might get paid to use energy while in France spot price still is upward of 10-20 ct/kWh. Also: > Under European market law, you are obliged to buy renewable energy if it is available. Do you have a source for that? I think that guarantee only applies to Germany. And then it only says that the suppliers always get paid for the energy they could produce, wind and solar can and will still get turned off physically. And from what I have written above it pretty much follows that renewables will always be bought if possible, because they have no fuel costs and letting them run is during positive prices always more profitable than shutting them off. Note though that many renewables are not even sold on the energy exchange and rather influence the market indirectly as most energy utilities have fixed delivery contracts with the producers and only buy/sell the excess on the spot market.
  - wewxjfq 4y ago
    > France has almost no coal left And also has to keep it running now. > Germany is the one that's closing reactors Three reactors while France has half of theirs offline. The irony is that if Germany is going to extend their NPP, it will be because the next German stress test runs under the assumption of a major French power plant outage. I can only already see the jubilant HN threads how this is a win for NP, when it's actually a testimony of its failure.
    - Semaphor 4y ago
      > I can only already see the jubilant HN threads how this is a win for NP, when it's actually a testimony of its failure. All the experts on HN and Reddit already switched from "France is amazing, Germany dumb" to "The French are idiots for not having invested into nuclear power. Germany still dumb."
      - mgoetzke 4y ago
        The idiocy is not investing into Wind/Solar/Storage
- b3orn 4y ago
  Coal power plants have the same cooling problem as nuclear power plants. And looking at some rivers in Europe at the moment the problem with power plants using water for cooling isn't just heating up rivers too much, the water levels are dangerously low to the point of some rivers almost disappearing, there are some famous examples of that in Italy this year.
  - jacquesm 4y ago
    We'll have on in NL as well, either this year or maybe the next but it is very close to that point.
    - konschubert 4y ago
      A curtailment or a dry river?
      - jacquesm 4y ago
        Dry river: https://twitter.com/jmattheij/status/1550847204671295489/photo/1 https://twitter.com/jmattheij/status/1550847204671295489/pho...
        konschubert 4y ago
        If the Rhine falling dry doesn't wake up the Germans then nothing will...
        jacquesm 4y ago
        Indeed. It's beyond my level of understanding, as long as I've been alive this has not happened, though I understand that historically it has happened, and whenever it did it was followed by at least one year of famine.
  - yayachiken 4y ago
    At least in Germany, lignite plants are operating on locally mined lignite, which means there is a big open-pit mine directly next to the plant. This means that the water table needs to be drained to keep the mine dry. The pumps in many cases directly feed the excess water into the power plant. An example is the plant Neurath, which is the second biggest coal power plant in Europe, delivering 4 gigawatts of power without use of surface water.
pjc50 4y ago
> the heat wave is such that river water cannot safely cool down its nuclear power plants Yes - a risk for all thermal power plants, since they need a cooling loop to re-condense the steam before putting it through another cycle in the turbines. (In general it would be physically possible to still run the plant, but regulatorily impossible because the outlet water would be too hot and people don't take kindly to boiling a river and destroying its ecosystem) The French reactor fleet also has some kind of problem with cracks affecting the longevity. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/concerns-that-cracks-in-edfs-french-reactors-could-also-plague-hinkley-16-06-2022/ https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/concerns-that-cracks...
- avar 4y ago
  They've got egress cooling water limits of 26-30C (78-86). It's an entirely manufactured problem. There's trivial solutions to this, but they all probably run into other regulatory stupidity. They could easily solve this just by offering giant 38-40C (100-104F) pools open to the public near their plants. Or, just have a parking lot sized winding halfpipe before draining into the river, or otherwise easily make up for the missing cooling tower capacity. In Iceland thermal plants will release boiling temperature water into rivers that didn't have it before, nobody thinks twice about it, as people are used to the natural equivalent. You'll want to make sure to give the fish a way out, but otherwise the only notable side effects are some algea buildup.
  - simonebrunozzi 4y ago
    You're making it too simplistic. There's ecological issues, there's engineering issues, and yes, there's also regulatory issues (in an ideal world, they would be fixed in a single day, but we don't live in one).
  - kybernetikos 4y ago
    I know at least one nuclear power station in France uses the hot water to run a crocodile wildlife exhibit next door. I can confirm that visiting it does feel like the start of a disaster movie.
Glawen 4y ago
The article argues that German should stop asserting superiority over France and start building a real high speed rail. The thing is that the German ICE can go fast, but not in Germany as only a few rail line allow it. The best example is Stuttgart Paris where you spend nearly as much time in Germany as in France, except that you only have to cover 170km in Germany and 500km in France. About nuclear reactor, the river can cool down the reactor, but fish will die. Thus the power generation is limited in summer for reactor cooled by rivers.
- LordHeini 4y ago
  Going really fast makes much less sense in Germany compared to France. Frances population is far more centered in mayor hubs while in Germany the population is dispersed much more homogeneous. In some places the ICE stops every 20km, there are too many curves, or it shares its rails with slower trains. There is no need for high speed rails here because you can not accelerate anyway.
  - Glawen 4y ago
    It is slow because it shares the track with other trains. The point of high speed rail network is to connect big hub together without removing existing network. The stop would be every 150/200km. Imagine a Munich Berlin in 2h, that would kill any flights between the two cities.
  - mudita 4y ago
    On the same blog there’s an article criticising exactly this argument in detail: https://pedestrianobservations.com/2021/06/26/meme-weeding-polycentricity-and-high-speed-rail/ https://pedestrianobservations.com/2021/06/26/meme-weeding-p... "Looking forward rather than backward, nothing in Germany’s urban geography is an obstacle to a connected high-speed rail network. With central stations and less of the population living in truly isolated rural and small-city communities, Germany can expect to greatly surpass any other Western intercity rail network if it builds high-speed rail, more than reaching DB’s pre-corona 250 million ridership target."
    - 4y ago
barkingcat 4y ago
for all their sophistication, all current designes of nuclear power plants are fundamentally steam power generators.
freeflight 4y ago
> Nuclear capacity curtailed due to a heat wave? That's a failure mode I'd not heard of. It's not a new problem [0], it's become somewhat of a regular issue in parts of Europe during summer heatwaves [1]. As the heatwaves will become worse, and the water scarcer, this will become an even more regular issue. France is currently affected particularly badly because a big chunk of their reactor fleet is also going trough long-overdue maintenance. [0] https://qz.com/1348969/europes-heatwave-is-forcing-nuclear-power-plants-to-shut-down/ https://qz.com/1348969/europes-heatwave-is-forcing-nuclear-p... [1] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-electricity-heatwave-idUSKCN1UK0HR https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-electricity-heatwa...
imtringued 4y ago
It is the failure mode that motivated the Japanese to build Fukushima near the tsunami prone coastline.

by danans 4y ago

konschubert 4y ago

The curtailment happens almost every summer now. But my understanding is that this is about environmental regulations that prevent power plants from heating the river water by too much. The plant itself would be able to run totally fine with the current water temperature, but it would raise the temperature beyond what environmental regulations allow. Instead, Europe is now burning Coal and Lignite. Which of course is much worse for the water temperature in the long run…

pjc50 4y ago
France has almost no coal left. https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/france-rethinks-coal-power-station-closure-174891 https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/france-rethinks-coal-power... Germany is the one that's closing reactors, over post-Chernobyl/Fukushima fears, and burning coal instead. It also has a surprisingly powerful coal lobby.
- atdrummond 4y ago
  Isn’t that lobby a remanent of the large East German coal industry? I’m thinking of eg. Lusatia’s coal belt.
  - yayachiken 4y ago
    The big energy suppliers burning coal all sit in Northrhine-Westfalia, the most populous state in Germany. Migrating away from (black) coal (used mostly in the steel industry) has caused big issues in the Ruhr area ("Strukturwandel", structural shift, meaning migration of significant parts of the workforce from coal to other sectors) in the past, which also means that the population is very wary of phasing out lignite as well. Pretty much everyone knows somebody who lost their job in a mine. Some cities like Gelsenkirchen are still structurally weak, like a lite version of Detroit. This means that politicians mow give expensive political gifts to the coal industry to provide retraining opportunities or early pensions, just so they can claim that they do not "forget" the workers this time. While in fact, there is maybe 30k people or so in all of Germany employed by coal and its dependent industries. And nobody cares that the wind and solar industry lost 100k or so workers over the last decade due to avoidable regulatory issues and the resulting low project volume. Anyways, you should not underestimate the amount of respect the coal workers always had in the Ruhr area. Digging coal in a below-ground mine is still the essential definition of "honest work" and sacrifice here. It's probably somewhat comparable to how military service is treated in the US, including the occasional "thank you for your service" and all. There are shrines dedicated to St. Barbara, the patron saint of mining, sprinkled everywhere, because people regularily prayed for their husbands, fathers, brothers, sons and friends to come home safely each day. Children learn the Steigerlied in school and sing it before football games. It's even worse than a lobby, the population mostly supports special treatment for the coal workers, as the mining and steel industry is still part of the cultural DNA.
    - willyt 4y ago
      Interesting. Parts of Britain were very similar. Things like every mine union chapter had its own brass band and the mine unions took great pride in thier traditions and thier local communities. Basically it’s neglected miners and steelworkers and other closed down heavy industries in the north of England that voted for Brexit just to pull the rug out from under everyone else because they were thrown on the scrap heap by Thatcher in the 1980’s and those areas never recovered. The liberal voting cities told the mining folk they were idiots for voting for brexit and so they switched allegiances from Labour (closely linked to the unions) to the Conservatives who were telling these people they were going to fix things for them, ‘levelling up’ the North of England. This hasn’t happened there is not even a coherent plan for how it could happen and the new candidates for prime minister are all going on about how they’re going to be more like Thatcher than the others, forgetting that the people who just switched to them hated her for destroying thier way of life. So be careful! Don’t disrespect the miners they will cause chaos if you annoy them!!
- konschubert 4y ago
  Germany is burning more coal and gas to cover for French power shortages. The grids are interconnected. There is a European power market.
  - Glawen 4y ago
    This argument makes no sense, do you have number? The French reactors are shut down in summer because there is less electricity demand and you have an abundance of solar power. Under European market law, you are obliged to buy renewable energy if it is available. So I don't get how Germany would need to burn coal/gas for the french. If I look here, only 2% are imported from Germany https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/FR?utm_source=electricitymap.org&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=banner https://app.electricitymaps.com/zone/FR?utm_source=electrici... The real problem is going to be this winter, where EDF needs to repair its nuclear reactors before the start of winter, in order to provide electricity for France and Germany. And that situation is pretty much due to the lack of vision of Germany and Merkel.
    - yayachiken 4y ago
      If you understand German, there is a great explanation how the energy market in Europe works here: https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/plusminus/teurer-strom-wieso-kraftwerksbetreiber-gerade-kein-gas-sparen/das-erste/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3BsdXNtaW51cy81ZWI1NGFlZi1mNTYwLTRhOTYtYTFhZC02ZmJjZjc3ZmY4MWE https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/plusminus/teurer-strom-wie... It explains why currently, even though gas is so prohibitively expensive, we still run gas powered plants at the moment, and also why even with relatively low transmission capacity between countries there is still big impact on energy prices. The tl;dr is: Energy prices are determined by taking the most expensive auction price that is required to cover the load at any given moment. Everyone who offered a cheaper rate may sell the energy, but receives the highest price that was accepted. This means that prices are highly non-linear and susceptible to supply shocks. Even though the changes from import to export with respect to France are small, a rather small reduction in cheap nuclear power immediately makes it a lot more profitable to produce energy, also making coal and gas viable again. Also note that this model explains the cheap price of nuclear and solar: You "only" need to ROI your initial capital eventually to turn a profit. When push comes to shove you would rather sell at any price above 0 (or at least a very low bottom) rather than turning off your plant and getting no income at all. You cannot do that when you still have significant operational expenses for fuel (coal, gas, stored water). On electricitymap you can see this behaviour in action as well. Even with something like 50% solar production, prices remain high, when suddenly, the prices collapse below zero after a certain threshold was reached. Also note that in these cases, the prices in France and Germany decouple. Customers on the German energy exchange might get paid to use energy while in France spot price still is upward of 10-20 ct/kWh. Also: > Under European market law, you are obliged to buy renewable energy if it is available. Do you have a source for that? I think that guarantee only applies to Germany. And then it only says that the suppliers always get paid for the energy they could produce, wind and solar can and will still get turned off physically. And from what I have written above it pretty much follows that renewables will always be bought if possible, because they have no fuel costs and letting them run is during positive prices always more profitable than shutting them off. Note though that many renewables are not even sold on the energy exchange and rather influence the market indirectly as most energy utilities have fixed delivery contracts with the producers and only buy/sell the excess on the spot market.
- wewxjfq 4y ago
  > France has almost no coal left And also has to keep it running now. > Germany is the one that's closing reactors Three reactors while France has half of theirs offline. The irony is that if Germany is going to extend their NPP, it will be because the next German stress test runs under the assumption of a major French power plant outage. I can only already see the jubilant HN threads how this is a win for NP, when it's actually a testimony of its failure.
  - Semaphor 4y ago
    > I can only already see the jubilant HN threads how this is a win for NP, when it's actually a testimony of its failure. All the experts on HN and Reddit already switched from "France is amazing, Germany dumb" to "The French are idiots for not having invested into nuclear power. Germany still dumb."
    - mgoetzke 4y ago
      The idiocy is not investing into Wind/Solar/Storage
b3orn 4y ago
Coal power plants have the same cooling problem as nuclear power plants. And looking at some rivers in Europe at the moment the problem with power plants using water for cooling isn't just heating up rivers too much, the water levels are dangerously low to the point of some rivers almost disappearing, there are some famous examples of that in Italy this year.
- jacquesm 4y ago
  We'll have on in NL as well, either this year or maybe the next but it is very close to that point.
  - konschubert 4y ago
    A curtailment or a dry river?
    - jacquesm 4y ago
      Dry river: https://twitter.com/jmattheij/status/1550847204671295489/photo/1 https://twitter.com/jmattheij/status/1550847204671295489/pho...
      - konschubert 4y ago
        If the Rhine falling dry doesn't wake up the Germans then nothing will...
        jacquesm 4y ago
        Indeed. It's beyond my level of understanding, as long as I've been alive this has not happened, though I understand that historically it has happened, and whenever it did it was followed by at least one year of famine.
- yayachiken 4y ago
  At least in Germany, lignite plants are operating on locally mined lignite, which means there is a big open-pit mine directly next to the plant. This means that the water table needs to be drained to keep the mine dry. The pumps in many cases directly feed the excess water into the power plant. An example is the plant Neurath, which is the second biggest coal power plant in Europe, delivering 4 gigawatts of power without use of surface water.

pjc50 4y ago

> the heat wave is such that river water cannot safely cool down its nuclear power plants Yes - a risk for all thermal power plants, since they need a cooling loop to re-condense the steam before putting it through another cycle in the turbines. (In general it would be physically possible to still run the plant, but regulatorily impossible because the outlet water would be too hot and people don't take kindly to boiling a river and destroying its ecosystem) The French reactor fleet also has some kind of problem with cracks affecting the longevity. https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/concerns-that-cracks-in-edfs-french-reactors-could-also-plague-hinkley-16-06-2022/ https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/concerns-that-cracks...

avar 4y ago
They've got egress cooling water limits of 26-30C (78-86). It's an entirely manufactured problem. There's trivial solutions to this, but they all probably run into other regulatory stupidity. They could easily solve this just by offering giant 38-40C (100-104F) pools open to the public near their plants. Or, just have a parking lot sized winding halfpipe before draining into the river, or otherwise easily make up for the missing cooling tower capacity. In Iceland thermal plants will release boiling temperature water into rivers that didn't have it before, nobody thinks twice about it, as people are used to the natural equivalent. You'll want to make sure to give the fish a way out, but otherwise the only notable side effects are some algea buildup.
- simonebrunozzi 4y ago
  You're making it too simplistic. There's ecological issues, there's engineering issues, and yes, there's also regulatory issues (in an ideal world, they would be fixed in a single day, but we don't live in one).
- kybernetikos 4y ago
  I know at least one nuclear power station in France uses the hot water to run a crocodile wildlife exhibit next door. I can confirm that visiting it does feel like the start of a disaster movie.

Glawen 4y ago

The article argues that German should stop asserting superiority over France and start building a real high speed rail. The thing is that the German ICE can go fast, but not in Germany as only a few rail line allow it. The best example is Stuttgart Paris where you spend nearly as much time in Germany as in France, except that you only have to cover 170km in Germany and 500km in France. About nuclear reactor, the river can cool down the reactor, but fish will die. Thus the power generation is limited in summer for reactor cooled by rivers.

LordHeini 4y ago
Going really fast makes much less sense in Germany compared to France. Frances population is far more centered in mayor hubs while in Germany the population is dispersed much more homogeneous. In some places the ICE stops every 20km, there are too many curves, or it shares its rails with slower trains. There is no need for high speed rails here because you can not accelerate anyway.
- Glawen 4y ago
  It is slow because it shares the track with other trains. The point of high speed rail network is to connect big hub together without removing existing network. The stop would be every 150/200km. Imagine a Munich Berlin in 2h, that would kill any flights between the two cities.
- mudita 4y ago
  On the same blog there’s an article criticising exactly this argument in detail: https://pedestrianobservations.com/2021/06/26/meme-weeding-polycentricity-and-high-speed-rail/ https://pedestrianobservations.com/2021/06/26/meme-weeding-p... "Looking forward rather than backward, nothing in Germany’s urban geography is an obstacle to a connected high-speed rail network. With central stations and less of the population living in truly isolated rural and small-city communities, Germany can expect to greatly surpass any other Western intercity rail network if it builds high-speed rail, more than reaching DB’s pre-corona 250 million ridership target."
  - 4y ago

barkingcat 4y ago

for all their sophistication, all current designes of nuclear power plants are fundamentally steam power generators.

freeflight 4y ago

> Nuclear capacity curtailed due to a heat wave? That's a failure mode I'd not heard of. It's not a new problem [0], it's become somewhat of a regular issue in parts of Europe during summer heatwaves [1]. As the heatwaves will become worse, and the water scarcer, this will become an even more regular issue. France is currently affected particularly badly because a big chunk of their reactor fleet is also going trough long-overdue maintenance. [0] https://qz.com/1348969/europes-heatwave-is-forcing-nuclear-power-plants-to-shut-down/ https://qz.com/1348969/europes-heatwave-is-forcing-nuclear-p... [1] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-electricity-heatwave-idUSKCN1UK0HR https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-electricity-heatwa...

imtringued 4y ago

It is the failure mode that motivated the Japanese to build Fukushima near the tsunami prone coastline.