1 and 2 are anti-competitive (and anti-competitive practices on that level are 100% a reason to bring an anti-trust case again them), but that doesn’t make them

1 and 2 are anti-competitive (and anti-competitive practices on that level are 100% a reason to bring an anti-trust case again them), but that doesn’t make them a monopoly. From a buyers perspective, there are plenty of other places to go buy everything they sell. 3 is an interesting point though. I’m having trouble finding good numbers on exactly how dominant they are as a platform for third party sales but they have at least 3-4 times the GMV of their next largest competitor, Ebay. Best I can find is that, in the US, there was about 900 Billion in online marketplace in 2021, of which Amazon represented about 400 Billion. Being 44% of the market is probably bordering on monopoly level. (And to the first points, about half of their sales were their own products on their own marketplace, so I’d definitely be in support of an anti-trust investigation at the least here)