4 ms·

The story behind FM synthesis is pretty interesting. A Stanford music professor, John Chowning, came up with the idea in the 1960s and patented it. Stanford did

by kens 5y ago

The story behind FM synthesis is pretty interesting. A Stanford music professor, John Chowning, came up with the idea in the 1960s and patented it. Stanford didn't think this was what a music professor should be doing and fired him. Meanwhile, Yamaha licensed the patent from Stanford, paying millions of dollars and making it Stanford's most lucrative patent at the time. Stanford changed their mind about Chowning and hired him back, making him a full professor and then department chair. For more information, see: https://priceonomics.com/the-father-of-the-digital-synthesizer/ https://priceonomics.com/the-father-of-the-digital-synthesiz...

npunt 5y ago
Great read. Images aren't loading on that link but wayback machine to the rescue: https://web.archive.org/web/20150323222119/https://priceonomics.com/the-father-of-the-digital-synthesizer/ https://web.archive.org/web/20150323222119/https://priceonom...
TheOtherHobbes 5y ago
The early FM pieces weren't very pop. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=988jPjs1gao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=988jPjs1gao You may think it sounds crude, but pieces like these took hours of expensive mainframe (PDP-10) time. There wasn't a lot of opportunity for careful sculpting of fine details. You could easily synthesize something like this in real time now. But not many people do, which I think is a shame. If you can read French, there's more background here: http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/
- redler 5y ago
  That clip sounds like something straight out of the soundtrack from Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
  - sitkack 5y ago
    The synth used on the movie was an ARP 2500. Fascinating machine. https://reverb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-arp-2500 https://reverb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-arp-2500
- ctdonath 5y ago
  hours of expensive mainframe (PDP-10) time Equivalent today to milliseconds of processing in an Apple Lightning cable.
- duskwuff 5y ago
  > If you can read French, there's more background here: http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ If you can't read French, use Google Translate. It handles this article extremely well.
- nitrogen 5y ago
  You could easily synthesize something like this in real time now. But not many people do, which I think is a shame. I've kind of been following very loosely along with this DX7 series with some (not DX7) FM and phase modulation in my own code. If you're running Linux, you can try something like this in the WIP graph-synth branch[0] of my mb-sound Ruby app/gem (feedback welcome on the DSL syntax): play 300.hz.pm( 0.1.hz.triangle.at(1) * tone(300.constant * 1.618) + 0.04.hz.triangle.at(1) * tone(150.constant * 1.618) ).forever [0]: https://github.com/mike-bourgeous/mb-sound/tree/graph-synth https://github.com/mike-bourgeous/mb-sound/tree/graph-synth
  - weatherlight 5y ago
    doesn't sound the same though, those early Yamaha FM synths has a sound all on to themselves.
    - nitrogen 5y ago
      those early Yamaha FM synths has a sound all on to themselves For sure, though the parent comment's video link was presumably rendered by software on a PDP-10. I've spent the last week of my spare time trying to write code to make a bass sound that reasonably approximates Lately Bass, and I'm close, but since I'm not even trying to emulate any of the quirks of the Yamaha FM synths it doesn't ever sound quite right.
      - TheOtherHobbes 5y ago
        To be clear - I didn't mean it was a shame that people weren't specifically emulating FM, but that people weren't experimenting with weird synthesis techniques to make weird non-pop music with sounds no one has heard before. It's the last part that's still really difficult, possibly even harder than it used to be. And that's even with the insane processor power we all have now.
        nitrogen 5y ago
        I guess movie soundtracks are the closest to that in widely distributed music, or artists like Aphex Twin. There's an infinitely vast space of potential sounds, and an infinitely long fractal knife edge of interesting sounds, and it kind of makes sense that finding unexplored areas of that fractal edge between boring and incomprehensible gets harder over time.
TonyTrapp 5y ago
> Stanford changed their mind about Chowning and hired him back Somehow I feel that if this happened today, no company or university would have the spine to do this, and it would rather turn out as an expensive legal battle if he insisted on getting his part of the patent pake.
ajxs 5y ago
My favourite telling of the DX7's amazing history is in this video by MadFame: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXt_NXjc7oY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXt_NXjc7oY His Youtube channel has some absolutely amazing patch tutorials also.

by kens 5y ago

npunt 5y ago

Great read. Images aren't loading on that link but wayback machine to the rescue: https://web.archive.org/web/20150323222119/https://priceonomics.com/the-father-of-the-digital-synthesizer/ https://web.archive.org/web/20150323222119/https://priceonom...

TheOtherHobbes 5y ago

The early FM pieces weren't very pop. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=988jPjs1gao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=988jPjs1gao You may think it sounds crude, but pieces like these took hours of expensive mainframe (PDP-10) time. There wasn't a lot of opportunity for careful sculpting of fine details. You could easily synthesize something like this in real time now. But not many people do, which I think is a shame. If you can read French, there's more background here: http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/

redler 5y ago
That clip sounds like something straight out of the soundtrack from Close Encounters of the Third Kind.
- sitkack 5y ago
  The synth used on the movie was an ARP 2500. Fascinating machine. https://reverb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-arp-2500 https://reverb.com/news/a-brief-history-of-the-arp-2500
ctdonath 5y ago
hours of expensive mainframe (PDP-10) time Equivalent today to milliseconds of processing in an Apple Lightning cable.
duskwuff 5y ago
> If you can read French, there's more background here: http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ http://brahms.ircam.fr/analyses/Stria/ If you can't read French, use Google Translate. It handles this article extremely well.
nitrogen 5y ago
You could easily synthesize something like this in real time now. But not many people do, which I think is a shame. I've kind of been following very loosely along with this DX7 series with some (not DX7) FM and phase modulation in my own code. If you're running Linux, you can try something like this in the WIP graph-synth branch[0] of my mb-sound Ruby app/gem (feedback welcome on the DSL syntax): play 300.hz.pm( 0.1.hz.triangle.at(1) * tone(300.constant * 1.618) + 0.04.hz.triangle.at(1) * tone(150.constant * 1.618) ).forever [0]: https://github.com/mike-bourgeous/mb-sound/tree/graph-synth https://github.com/mike-bourgeous/mb-sound/tree/graph-synth
- weatherlight 5y ago
  doesn't sound the same though, those early Yamaha FM synths has a sound all on to themselves.
  - nitrogen 5y ago
    those early Yamaha FM synths has a sound all on to themselves For sure, though the parent comment's video link was presumably rendered by software on a PDP-10. I've spent the last week of my spare time trying to write code to make a bass sound that reasonably approximates Lately Bass, and I'm close, but since I'm not even trying to emulate any of the quirks of the Yamaha FM synths it doesn't ever sound quite right.
    - TheOtherHobbes 5y ago
      To be clear - I didn't mean it was a shame that people weren't specifically emulating FM, but that people weren't experimenting with weird synthesis techniques to make weird non-pop music with sounds no one has heard before. It's the last part that's still really difficult, possibly even harder than it used to be. And that's even with the insane processor power we all have now.
      - nitrogen 5y ago
        I guess movie soundtracks are the closest to that in widely distributed music, or artists like Aphex Twin. There's an infinitely vast space of potential sounds, and an infinitely long fractal knife edge of interesting sounds, and it kind of makes sense that finding unexplored areas of that fractal edge between boring and incomprehensible gets harder over time.

TonyTrapp 5y ago

> Stanford changed their mind about Chowning and hired him back Somehow I feel that if this happened today, no company or university would have the spine to do this, and it would rather turn out as an expensive legal battle if he insisted on getting his part of the patent pake.

ajxs 5y ago

My favourite telling of the DX7's amazing history is in this video by MadFame: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXt_NXjc7oY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXt_NXjc7oY His Youtube channel has some absolutely amazing patch tutorials also.