typically this is done via sham stim. i.e. implant both groups, but don't turn on the control group for the blinded phase. Helps that DBS technique has had 40

typically this is done via sham stim. i.e. implant both groups, but don't turn on the control group for the blinded phase. Helps that DBS technique has had 40 years or so to refine itself so its adverse-effect rate is reasonably well known and established. See methods section https://n.neurology.org/content/88/16_Supplement/P5.016 https://n.neurology.org/content/88/16_Supplement/P5.016