If the price difference is large enough people will all by themselves wait until a certain time to charge their vehicles or do their laundry or start the dishwa

If the price difference is large enough people will all by themselves wait until a certain time to charge their vehicles or do their laundry or start the dishwasher etc. No fancy centralized control infrastructure is required, The user or the user’s device can decide based on time or price easily downloaded by https when to start the load. Currently Everybody can use as much power as they want whenever they want, up to the size of their service, and everywhere I’ve lived has not had issues with the street being under provisioned. I doubt everyone charging their car overnight will be too much load. The bulk electrical system in western North American can already handle instantaneous changes in load on the order of thousands of megawatts. As new generation comes online it will be important to retain that characteristic by pairing solar/wind with storage to firm it up.