Observing that something is either a or not a is not an observation in the empirical sense. Empirical observations suffer from the problem of induction, but nei

Observing that something is either a or not a is not an observation in the empirical sense. Empirical observations suffer from the problem of induction, but neither of us believes that that statement might be disproven someday, in the way that observing a black swan would disprove the statement that all swans are white. Similarly the conservation law of apples is not derived from nature, but from our definition of what an apple is. If you took a heap of sand and added another you would have one heap of sand.