Yup, I was taught this as part of graduate school. Nobody ever said it was fraud, they said things like they wouldn't share the data and I couldn't replicate.

Yup, I was taught this as part of graduate school. Nobody ever said it was fraud, they said things like they wouldn't share the data and I couldn't replicate. In general, the incentives for shoddy science (get Nature papers or find a new career) tend to reward bad behaviour, and I just wasn't able to find something unexpected and pretend it had been my hypothesis all along (it's almost impossible to publish a social science paper where you disconfirm your major hypothesis).