20 ms·
The universe is expanding faster than expected
- ricardo81 6y agoOne thing I've always admired as a Layman about astronomy, is all the eloquent deductions they've been able to make that adds another framework of ways to discover new information, particularly the discovery of Cepheids. Obviously the engineering side is also as impressive, being able to look at objects light years away and using the paltry several hundred million miles our Earth orbit takes us around the sun as a means of information discovery.
- cma 6y agoGood overview here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder More: https://www.math.ucla.edu/~tao/preprints/Slides/Cosmic%20Distance%20Ladder.ppt https://www.math.ucla.edu/~tao/preprints/Slides/Cosmic%20Dis... https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2020/10/10/climbing-the-cosmic-distance-ladder-book-announcement/ https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2020/10/10/climbing-the-cosmi...
- ricardo81 6y agoReally enjoyed the math.ucla.edu link, good pace for me. Thanks.
- akka47 6y agoI always get a feeling of existential dread when I read these kind of news.
- yokem55 6y agoDon't worry too much about it. In the end, everything will be nearly 0k.
- eloff 6y agoI appreciate your optimism. I tend to be optimistic about the future myself. But there is no law of the universe that everything will work out ok. Only if we make the right decisions as a species and we don't get unlucky. I'm quite apprehensive that the great filter lies ahead - that technology accelerates too rapidly compared to our wisdom and we end up nearly destroying ourselves. We're getting the ability to program life itself and to likely to democratize the ability to harness the forces inside the atom. Neither of which we're ready for as a species.
- woko 6y agoI think it was a joke about zero Kelvin.
- tartoran 6y agoI thought of it as being 0k as in empty of information. Kelvin is K but I like this interpretation more.
- brodie 6y agoSame thing, really.
- fouc 6y agoZero entropy
- combatentropy 6y agoI thought that entropy was increasing
- sn41 6y agoMaximum entropy, I think? I've wondered about this. How can something which is having a cold death (zero kelvin) also have maximum entropy? But I am not at all an expert.
- ASalazarMX 6y ago"The aggregate of our joy and suffering, thousands of confident religions, ideologies, and economic doctrines, every hunter and forager, every hero and coward, every creator and destroyer of civilization, every king and peasant, every young couple in love, every mother and father, hopeful child, inventor and explorer, every teacher of morals, every corrupt politician, every ‘superstar,’ every ‘supreme leader,’ every saint and sinner in the history of our species lived there-on a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam" - Carl Sagan And that pale blue dot means nothing in a cosmic scale. Stop worrying and enjoy the incredible fortune of being alive.
- kenjackson 6y agoI must admit I feel that same dread. While I appreciate your intent, I'm not sure it helped.
- UncleOxidant 6y agoWhy? What exactly are you dreading? That our understanding of the universe and science involved might have some serious flaws? If so, won't we just adjust our understanding to something that matches the observations?
- ferbass 6y agoDon't worry it will be a problem for the future politicians and universe expand protections groups. "We have to stop the universe expansion, the universe is expanding faster than expected" they say.
- oarabbus_ 6y agoI get pretty severe existential dread whenever I read something about this, or universe-scale cosmology in general.
- 7373737373 6y agoHere's a narrated video about this current cosmological crisis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sfvQ_fsil4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sfvQ_fsil4 This is one of the key graphics: https://i0.wp.com/particlebites.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/hubble_tension.png https://i0.wp.com/particlebites.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/...
- doublepg23 6y agoThis was an excellent video, thank you. PBS Spacetime also did a video: https://youtu.be/72cM_E6bsOs https://youtu.be/72cM_E6bsOs
- burlesona 6y agoThanks for sharing! Seems like a good video but I don’t really enjoy long-form video... any relevant articles or written media describing the same thing?
- ngcc_hk 6y agoAgree as video takes too long
- dheera 6y agoThe biggest "concern" I have about the expanding universe is that although I have a lot of hope for interstellar travel at some point in the coming few millenia, intergalactic travel poses a whole another set of impossibilities to face, that I'm worried it will never be possible. The space between galaxies is pretty devoid of anything you can use as fuel, repair materials, or anything else. That space is expanding, and at some point around 100-150 billion years from now, galaxies that are not gravitationally bound to the Local Group will be no longer reachable or observable [1]. You need ten times the mass of Mt. Everest in e=mc^2 energy (i.e. 100% efficiency) per 1 kg of mass to get to Andromeda at 1g acceleration/deceleration. [0] For this reason I sincerely hope that conservation of mass/energy is not necessarily true. Nothing says it needs to be true other than that it empirically seems to be the case, and there is no known process that violates it, other than the Big Bang itself. If it can be violated, we have hope for the long long long term future. Scary to think about this stuff. [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalactic_travel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergalactic_travel [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_far_future
- mellosouls 6y agoActual title: Astronomers Get Their Wish, and a Cosmic Crisis Gets Worse There seems to have been a reframing of the "crisis" at some point, with "discrepancy in measurements" becoming "expanding faster than expected" which latter seems to imply the Reiss camp has the expansion rate correct compared to the earlier mystery as to which might be true and why they might be different but both sides on an equal footing otherwise. Reader (me) misunderstanding, actual change in scientific perception or PR work by somebody?
- jart 6y agotl;dr the universe is expanding at 73kmps rather than 68kmps.
- c-smile 6y agoIf your "tl;dr" would be true then there will be no difference between day and night ... 3600 times faster than that ...
- AnimalMuppet 6y agokilometers per second per megaparsec, not kmph.
- User23 6y agoOne thing that really frustrates me about cosmology, or at least popular science reporting and books, is a particular kind of lack of intellectual rigor. Specifically, even as a layman, it's clear that observation and model are being conflated. Cosmology is a science in the broadest sense of being a field of human knowledge, but it isn't a science the way that, for example, physics is. It would better be described as a phenomenology[1]. I'm sure many will disagree with this factually more accurate description, because of the emotional role their ideation of science plays in their lives, but I believe it has greater intellectual utility and that a phenomenology can even be of greater value than an experimental science. This framing helps us understand that we should spend less time on trying to come up with dubious "natural experiments"[2] and more on the collection and publication of data in useful formats. And most of all, to be absolutely clear what the assumptions of the model are, even the most trusted ones, because they may well prove incorrect. But maybe this is just an issue in the popular press? [1] "A description or history of phenomena." (not the definition from what we now call philosophy) [2] Which aren't experiments at all because selection isn't control.
- horsawlarway 6y agoI agree with you here. A phrase that always echoes in my mind when discussing cosmology is "All models are wrong - some models are useful" The farther you venture from the verified useful section of a model (by which I mean - the farther you are from model predications that have been validated with observational evidence), the less you should trust it - ALL MODELS ARE WRONG! And for most sciences - this isn't a huge deal - we can do lots of observational work easily right now. For cosmology... well - our observational data on the history of the universe it just astoundingly, mind-bogglingly, miniscule in comparison to the events we're interested in.
- cygx 6y agoNote that the most distant astronomical object we've observed has a redshift of 11, corresponding to a light travel distance of 13.4Gly. This means that if our models are correct and the universe is indeed about 13.8 billion years old, then we've seen 97% of the universe's history. Including the microwave background in that pushes the number to 99.997%.
- AnimalMuppet 6y agoWhen this article talked about the ladder of standard candles, I started to wonder: when using the brightness of supernovae between near and far galaxies, what about intergalactic dust absorbing some of the light? Wouldn't that mess up the ability to just straighforwardly determine the distance from the brightness in a 1/r^2 way?
- scribu 6y agoYes, apparently that absorbtion of light by intergalactic dust is a well-known phenomenon called interstellar extinction. There are various ways of accounting for it.
- roywiggins 6y agoI am not an astronomer, but I imagine intergalactic dust leaves a distinct fingerprint on star spectra that you can measure. Also, these numbers always have error bars. They spend a lot of time coming up with sources of error and characterizing them in order to understand the data fully.
- mountainboy 6y agonow you're thinking rationally. research "tired light". There are many competing theories. Maybe read "Seeing Red" by Halton Arp, or anything by Tom Van Flandern. Or the book "Pushing Gravity". Or the electric universe guys, or subquantum kinetics, or modern mechanics, or plasma cosmology, or weber dynamics, or infinite universe, pretty much anything but the standard model actually. be careful though, you might find yourself exposed to ideas that establishment status quo "science" tries hard to ignore.
- h2odragon 6y agoTime runs slower when you're young; but then as you age there's less time in each day. Perhaps it's the same for everything else that experiences time, from us to galaxies and universes.
- hypertele-Xii 6y agoThis is because information in your brain is constrained by physics. It takes tangible time for signals to travel between neurons. When you're young, you're small, and the distances are shorter. As you age, you grow in size, and the signal length grows also. Thus as you grow you literally think slower; though hopefully, more effectively (wisdom). Your perception of time changes accordingly.
- bigphishy 6y agoYes that's an interesting aspect that I hadn't thought of. I do agree with the wisdom part. ;) I also like to consider the experience of time in relation to total life lived. e.g. A month to a five year-old is the equivalent of a year to a 60 year-old. So as we experience more time, we feel that time passes more quickly. Although I sure hope there is a plateau to it as we get older.
- frongpik 6y agoNot exactly a plateau. More like a singularity threshold.
- layoutIfNeeded 6y agoWhat you wrote has no basis in reality whatsoever. In fact, nerve conduction is slower in children than adults due to underdeveloped myelination.
- whatshisface 6y agoFurthermore, "constrained by physics" would imply the speed of light, which is so much faster than nerve conduction...
- edgefield0 6y agoA few years ago, a published article suggested an alternative to the universe expanding is increasing mass. Older objects increase their mass and therefore are red shifted. Why is this alternative plausible theory recieving such little attention? Edit: changed mass decay to increase in mass. I misremembered the theory.
- casperc 6y agoI would love to hear someone talk about this actually as it has been my pet theory for the last 15 years since high school physics. My reasoning was p = mv. m drops (through various processes in a star emitting energi==mass) and since p is constant, v increases. Probably totally naive, but it is just a thought which has stuck around with me.
- deleted 6y ago[deleted]
- whimsicalism 6y agoIf the star is emitting massive particles, then it doesn't have constant momentum.
- hchasestevens 6y agoHm - but older from what perspective? Since light travels at c, aren't all journeys light takes instantaneous from the point of the photon? My understanding as well being that all known natural processes (like beta decay) are time-dilated at relativistic speeds. Also, how would this jibe with the parallax-based observations mentioned in the article?
- pault 6y agoBut light only travels at c in a vacuum, if I remember correctly. So the journey isn't instantaneous, but still very very short. :)
- wruza 6y agoBut you are the oldest, because every distant object that you see only shows its past. The further, the younger.
- mountainboy 6y agoor maybe just we've misinterpreted reality more than we thought... Guess what, other models do not require expansion.
- gtsop 6y agoThank you! It is mindblowing to see the scientific comunity fixating over theories that are more likely to be wrong than right.
- desideratum 6y agoCan you refer to any specific theories that don't require expansion? (for reading)
- mountainboy 6y agosure! Electric Universe (Thornhill, Birkeland, Scott, et al) Plasma Cosmology (Alfven, Lerner, et al) Infinite Universe Theory (Borchardt) Recycling Universe Cosmology (Mitchell) Subquantum Kinetics (La Violette) Modern Mechanics (Bryant) Push Gravity: (various, book: Pushing Gravity) The Static Universe (Ratcliffe) Steady State Universe (Hoyle, older) That's a good start at least. ;-) All of the above have one or more books written about them.
- Triv888 6y agoAn infinite Universe makes the most sense, let's adopt that
- AnimalMuppet 6y agoReality does not care what makes sense to you. Let's find out what's true and adopt that.
- mountainboy 6y agoyes, personally I believe that pure logic alone can bring one to believe in an infinite, fractal, eternal universe. In other words, there is no smallest or largest. There was never any beginning nor will there ever be an end. (If there was a beginning, what caused it?) There is no outer boundary, limit, or end to the universe. If there were, beyond it would have to be "nothing". How can "nothing" exist, and what would be the border between "something" and "nothing"? There is no "time", only matter in motion. Matter is always divisible into something smaller, and composeable into something larger. Matter in motion at scale n is perceived as a "force" at scales > n. anyway, fun to think about!
- phkahler 6y ago1.3 Billion stars? What percent of our galaxy is that? Does the coverage go to the other side? This must be an incredible map.
- Voloskaya 6y agoAbout 1%.
- pault 6y agoMan, it's very difficult, and very humbling to try and wrap your head around just how big the universe is. I don't think human brains are capable of thinking at that scale.
- est31 6y agoWe actually don't know how big the entire universe is in reality. When people talk about the size of "the universe", they talk about the part whose light has reached us, the visible universe. What's beyond is pure speculation. Also, due to the expansion of space, large parts of even the visible universe are inaccessible to us. Even if you started today at 99% light speed, you wouldn't ever reach them.
- deleted 6y ago[deleted]
- Ali_Boukeroui 6y ago1400 years Quranic verse: " And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed, We are [its] expander. " - Quran 51:47
- kebman 6y agoIf you can't fix it, then it's not a problem. Instead it's just an inevitability of fate. Prepare accordingly.
- grishka 6y ago> It would be incredibly exciting if there was new physics It would indeed be incredibly exciting if it would lead to a less silly explanation of the redshift than "universe is expanding".
- jaredmosley 6y agoWhy is that explanation silly?
- pdonis 6y ago> It would indeed be incredibly exciting if it would lead to a less silly explanation of the redshift than "universe is expanding". It won't. There is no question about whether the universe is expanding. The issue is over how fast it is expanding; we have two different theoretical models that are giving different answers, and we don't understand (yet) how to reconcile them.
- mpoteat 6y agoNot a physicist, but why isn't the simple explanation that light loses energy over cosmological distances not also a valid explanation of redshift? We already know that energy isn't conserved at those scales.
- pdonis 6y ago> why isn't the simple explanation that light loses energy over cosmological distances not also a valid explanation of redshift? It depends on what you mean by "light loses energy over cosmological distances". See below. > We already know that energy isn't conserved at those scales. This suggests that what you mean by "light loses energy over cosmological distances" is that the universe is expanding while the light travels, and in an expanding universe, total energy is not conserved. That is true, and that is the redshift due to the universe expanding--it's not something different. If, however, you are working from the hypothesis that the universe is not expanding, then energy is conserved even over cosmological distances, so I don't understand what you mean by invoking "energy isn't conserved" as an explanation for the redshift. If you're referring to the "tired light" hypothesis, that's been known to be unviable for decades.
- Triv888 6y agowhat is on the other side, again?
- chanakya 6y agoCan someone explain why the universe is expanding at all? I've heard it said "it's the momentum from the Big Bang". That sounds reasonable, but then we're told that it's not that the galaxies are flying apart, it's that the "basic metric of space itself is expanding". I can understand momentum from an explosion, but why would "space itself" expand because of an explosion?
- ninkendo 6y ago> Can someone explain why the universe is expanding at all? I think the answer to this is “no”. If you could properly ascribe a “cause” to the universe’s expansion (and could prove it), you would definitely be first in line for a Nobel prize, at the very least. And no, “dark energy” isn’t an answer; it’s a placeholder term for that which we don’t understand about the universe’s expansion.
- nuclear_eclipse 6y agoIf you can answer the why, then I think physicists around the world would really like to know. We "know" the universe is expanding because we can observe the effects (eg, red shift of further away stars/galaxies), but the "why" has been the big, fundamental question for as long as it was predicted and/or observed. It's almost certainly related to some property of physics that we don't yet understand, but ultimately, we may never know any reason beyond "that's just how it is".
- chanakya 6y agoThanks. So it's not related to Einstein's General Theory? In discussions around the cosmological constant, static vs. expanding universe and energy of space, it feels like the expansion is a consequence of the General Theory, and that all we need is to fill in some constants, like the amount of matter in the universe, and the actual energy of space. Is the theory missing in some more fundamental way, like the lack of unification of gravity and quantum mechanics?
- neom 6y agoHere are a series of episodes from PBS spacetime that explain Inflation and Expansion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPStj2ZuXug&list=PLKjJE86mQRtvziXIclsBcFvfW6k11Oq4q&ab_channel=PBSSpaceTime https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aPStj2ZuXug&list=PLKjJE86mQR...
- taude 6y agoIf you're finding this interesting, I recently discovered this YouTube channel on How Far Away Is It [1]. There's a few different playlists of what he calls digital books, that are all worth watching for a novice: How Far Away is It? [2]; How Small is It [3]; How Fast is It [4] As a side benefit, it can be soothing and nap inducing, but in the best ways. It's taken a couple attempts to get through some of the episodes, but in the end I find the explanations pretty amazing. [1] https://www.youtube.com/user/howfarawayisit https://www.youtube.com/user/howfarawayisit [2] https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpH1IDQEoE8QWWTnWG5cK4ePCqg9W2608 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLpH1IDQEoE8QWWTnWG5cK... [3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKbZeUvPnWI&list=PLpH1IDQEoE8Q8842yVe-V8m7PN-R9rlwi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKbZeUvPnWI&list=PLpH1IDQEoE... [4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4SpkTOY1A&list=PLpH1IDQEoE8Qs8WPbkdhsKw7KOsGu4R5O https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KE4SpkTOY1A&list=PLpH1IDQEoE...
- atomi 6y agoThere is also one of my favorite talks tangentially related by Lawrence Krauss. He explains that eventually a civilization exploring the universe around them will only see it's own galaxy and likely believe that's all there is. We are living in an extraordinary time where we are still able to see other galaxies. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ImvlS8PLIo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ImvlS8PLIo
- est31 6y agoI can imagine scientists in a couple billion years debating whether the historic records of other galaxies existing should be believed or whether one should dismiss them as crazy religious texts someone faked a couple million years ago... (obviously by then we'll probably uploaded ourselves to computers and turned into totally different beings from what we are now, but the problem of trusting historic data still exists)
- eurasiantiger 6y agoFinally, an actual use case for a blockchain!
- sarak12070 6y agoChinese teenager breaks Guinness record with 7-foot height https://interestingnewsclub.blogspot.com/2020/11/chinese-teenager-breaks-guinness-record.html https://interestingnewsclub.blogspot.com/2020/11/chinese-tee... 25-foot-tall dinosaur balloon sculpture breaks Guinness record https://interestingnewsclub.blogspot.com/2020/11/25-foot-tall-dinosaur-balloon-sculpture.html https://interestingnewsclub.blogspot.com/2020/11/25-foot-tal... Secret Korean method for glowing and beautiful skin using simple home remedies and a quick method Be like a Korean celebrity This will give you natural glow in one day Step by step guide https://healthandbeautytips2021.blogspot.com/2020/11/korean-home-remedies-for-skin-glowing.html https://healthandbeautytips2021.blogspot.com/2020/11/korean-...
- nsandell123 6y agoIs parallax like Doppler Effect in that its based on observer? I wonder what tech stack these astronomers use.
- Waterluvian 6y agoYep! The definition of parallax is that it's when a position or movement of something differs based on position of observer.
- kiliantics 6y agoYes, parallax is the change in the apparent location of an object in the sky to an observer as the observer changes their relative location to it, e.g. by orbiting the sun. And, if you mean software, a lot of astronomers use old stuff like Fortran and IDL but modern tools like python and julia are becoming very popular.
- johnnujler 6y agoForgive my ignorance here. What do we mean when we say the universe is expanding, expanding into what. My untrained brain is trying to look at it like the inflation of a balloon that takes up more space when it is inflated, but if the universe is all the space there is, what would it even mean for it to expand. Is there space outside our universe that is like unfilled or something?
- ellis-bell 6y agothink more like you're on the surface of the balloon as it's getting inflated. the "fabric" or elastic material on which you're standing is the thing that's expanding while the balloon inflates. you're still constrained to the surface of the balloon, however.
- cstejerean 6y agoYou can look at it the other way. Ignore for a moment the surface of the balloon and imagine the insides. As the balloon expands everything inside gets farther from everything else. That’s how I understand the universe expanding.
- vecter 6y agoYour balloon analogy is almost correct but it's missing one important piece. In that analogy, the surface of the balloon itself is the entire universe. It is a two-dimensional universe. Imagine that there is no other space except for that surface of the balloon. No emptiness inside and no space outside that it's "expanding into". The entire space is the infinitesimally thin surface which is the balloon surface, yet it is still expanding. Dots on that surface that used to be X distance apart are now > X distance apart in the future. That is all you would know and be able to measure.
- johnnujler 6y agoAh! That makes sense. I realise that talking about complex concepts in terms of analogy can be misleading, but is it like the fabric is elastic and long enough and is only getting stretched? Is there a way to reconcile this with the (3 dimensional) inside and outside aspect of our experiences.
- powerapple 6y agoI am wondering that does the speed increment fit Mooer's Law....
- momirlan 6y agoCould this be human caused ? Hey, we need all governments' commitment to reversing it !
- steve76 6y agoI'm not fond of explaining the cause behind ancient forces or being subjugated by nature. Stars do that because it's easiest for our local thermal system. If you think we're insignificant, don't be horrified by particle beams in orbit around the Earth or the Sun, providing some form of local state, reducing our stellar system to a matter wave and the universe as its interference pattern. Pretty soon, we might not have a choice. Blow up an incoming asteroid with the Sun like tinfoil in the microwave. Send some awful tumor far away from the observable universe. Heat your home by making everything that could ever exist say a once cold distant dark region of space is now a burning hot galaxy out of nothing. Make space travel more about manipulating the traveler than anything.
- deleted 6y ago[deleted]
- enpap_x 6y agoThis video from melodysheep puts the long, long, long future in perspective for me: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=TIMELAPSE+OF+THE+FUTURE%3A+A+Journey+to+the+End+of+Time+(4K) https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=TIMELAPSE+OF+TH... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD4izuDMUQA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD4izuDMUQA -- DESCRIPTION FROM YOUTUBE -- Support my work on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/melodysheep https://www.patreon.com/melodysheep | Get the soundtrack: https://bit.ly/2HKl9fi https://bit.ly/2HKl9fi | How's it all gonna end? This experience takes us on a journey to the end of time, trillions of years into the future, to discover what the fate of our planet and our universe may ultimately be. We start in 2019 and travel exponentially through time, witnessing the future of Earth, the death of the sun, the end of all stars, proton decay, zombie galaxies, possible future civilizations, exploding black holes, the effects of dark energy, alternate universes, the final fate of the cosmos - to name a few. This is a picture of the future as painted by modern science - a picture that will surely evolve over time as we dig for more clues to how our story will unfold. Much of the science is very recent - and new puzzle pieces are still waiting to be found. To me, this overhead view of time gives a profound perspective - that we are living inside the hot flash of the Big Bang, the perfect moment to soak in the sights and sounds of a universe in its glory days, before it all fades away. Although the end will eventually come, we have a practical infinity of time to play with if we play our cards right. The future may look bleak, but we have enormous potential as a species. Featuring the voices of David Attenborough, Craig Childs, Brian Cox, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Michelle Thaller, Lawrence Krauss, Michio Kaku, Mike Rowe, Phil Plait, Janna Levin, Stephen Hawking, Sean Carroll, Alex Filippenko, and Martin Rees. Big thanks to Protocol Labs for their support of this creation: https://protocol.ai/ https://protocol.ai/ And to my Patreon supporters: Juan Benet, Kalexan, Laine Boswell, Holly, Dave & Debbie Boswell, Abraxas, Alina Sigaeva, Aksel Tjønn, Daniel Saltzman, Crystal, Eico Neumann, geekiskhan, Giulia Carrozzino, Hannah Murphy, Jeremy Kerwin, JousterL, Lars Støttrup Nielsen, Leonard van Vliet, Mitchel Mattera, Nathan Paskett, Patrick Cullen, Randall Bollig, Roman Shishkin, Silas Rech, Stefan Stettner, The Cleaner, Timothy E Plum, Virtual_271, Westin Johnson, Yannic, and Anna & Tyson. Soundtrack now available: https://bit.ly/2HKl9fi https://bit.ly/2HKl9fi and coming soon to iTunes/Spotify/Etc Peace and love, melodysheep @musicalscience melodysheep.com Concept, music, writing, edit, and visual effects by melodysheep, with additional visual material sourced from: NASA Goddard Google SpaceX 2012 Geostorm Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking BMW X1 Journey to the Edge of the Universe Noah How the Universe Works Deep Impact Wonders of the Universe Moon raker vfx reel Voyage of Time if you found the text hard to read, check out the large text version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQpfueZkJ-4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQpfueZkJ-4 Voice sample sources: - Attenborough Davos Speech: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuudPum21nE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuudPum21nE - Craig Childs - Long Now Talk: https://longnow.org/seminars/02013/jul/29/apocalyptic-planet-field-guide-everending-earth/ https://longnow.org/seminars/02013/jul/29/apocalyptic-planet... - Brian Cox - Wonders of the Universe Episode 1 - Neil deGrasse Tyson interview with Bill Moyers: https://vimeo.com/84075447 https://vimeo.com/84075447 - How the Universe Works - Season 3 Episode 2 - Will The Universe Ever End with Lawrence Krauss: https://www.closertotruth.com/series/will-the-universe-ever-end#video-2549 https://www.closertotruth.com/series/will-the-universe-ever-... - Janna Levin TED Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLz9TvxGoKs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eLz9TvxGoKs - A Brief History of Time 1991: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAfxKExKjVQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAfxKExKjVQ - What Happens in the Far Far Future: https://www.closertotruth.com/series/what-happens-the-far-far-future https://www.closertotruth.com/series/what-happens-the-far-fa... - Sean Carroll TEDxCaltech: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMaTyg8wR4Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMaTyg8wR4Y - Alex Filippenko - TEDxSF: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gAtPyEu0G4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gAtPyEu0G4 - To Infinity and Beyond, The Accelerating Universe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcKdA2-W0X0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcKdA2-W0X0 - Martin Rees interview: https://www.closertotruth.com/series/what-happens-the-far-far-future#video-3625 https://www.closertotruth.com/series/what-happens-the-far-fa... Help us caption & translate this video! https://amara.org/v/oIuX/ https://amara.org/v/oIuX/