Sincere question: shouldn't the rate of taxation be more related to, say, the proportional amount of government services you consume and the benefits you receiv

Sincere question: shouldn't the rate of taxation be more related to, say, the proportional amount of government services you consume and the benefits you receive from the presence of the government? Undoubtedly, everyone benefits from the government in ways that are hard to quantify (e.g. what percentage of Joe Random's assets is due to the stability caused by the existence of the Federal Reserve), but at the same time there is something fundamentally unsettling about policy that boils down to "regardless of why you have a lot, you have a lot, so we're going to take a lot". Not trying to start a flame war, and I'm not advocating any particular taxing strategy, but I am trying to understand the rationale for progressive tax rates. In some ways it seems regressive tax rates are arguably 'fair' in the most objective sense, but that simply doesn't generate enough revenue, so a flat tax rate does sort of seem like a pretty good compromise, and proportional taxation seems like it helps even out benefits that are hard to quantify. But is there really a fairness argument to be made for progressive tax rates?