>That hasn't been demonstrated. Oh, it has been demonstrated to me over and over again. Unfortunately, you may be too much in it to see it. I am in the positio

>That hasn't been demonstrated. Oh, it has been demonstrated to me over and over again. Unfortunately, you may be too much in it to see it. I am in the position to observe from the outside. >The existence of other ways of controlling population doesn't mean that those other ways are the only way. Read this part of your comment again, but slowly. >Not all food chains are controlled by bottom-up trophic cascade. And where did I imply that it is? >some are controlled by apex predators and removing apex predators changes the ecosystem, sometimes in ways that result in collapse. Not really. The very same ecosystem can adapt to changes in predator population or extermination of predator population altogether. >You're shifting your explanation. Earlier you said that humans could replace apex predators. When I pointed out the problems with that, now you say it can be controlled with bottom up trophic cascade. Is it possible you just don't understand this issue as well as you think? Or maybe I understand it thoroughly, much more than your limited religious beliefs allow for. The ecosystem can be regulated with or without apex predators. If we remove apex predators, it will still be regulated automatically. We can choose to hunt if we so desire, and it will work differently but it will still work and work well. >In the real world, the ecosystems are interdependent on other ecosystems and no barriers can be drawn except by choice. Ever heard of terrariums? Sure, ecosystems may be related because they're open systems. But they don't have to be. >That doesn't impact on the well-established thesis What is interesting is that all these "well established" theses only go so far as to comply with Christianity, never further. >if humans hadn't been destroying species at an astonishing rate over the last 50 years we'd likely also not have COVID-19 I know, right? The children of Adam and Eve continue to disrupt the harmony of Gods creation, so many thousand years later. When will we learn? Except coronaviruses have been infecting mammals almost as long as mammals have been around.