IMO this isn't really a Python issue though. By unicode standard how to present it is left to the frontend. Even displaying "CA" might be enough. With combinin

IMO this isn't really a Python issue though. By unicode standard how to present it is left to the frontend. Even displaying "CA" might be enough. With combining character sequences there's at least a normalization and you can transform to the right representation based on your need. As you mentioned that Swift allows one to operate on grapheme clusters, and it comes with advantages but also some issues as you pointed out. The topic is complex but Python 3 does what unicode standard specifies, while Python 2 would output a garbage in similar scenario.