> Refraction was kind of irrelevant to it That is incorrect. It's directly relevant. Redshift is measured and there is a willful disregard for the refraction t

> Refraction was kind of irrelevant to it That is incorrect. It's directly relevant. Redshift is measured and there is a willful disregard for the refraction that is inherent and a statistically overwhelming effect, given the distances and known matter in space. Redshift exists after a megaparsec in any direction, so it's not surprising that it's the farthest thing we see given we're seeing some amount of mass in the far distance from any given angle.