Ok, the dam scenario is excessive (and kinetic already), but where that threshold crossed? If a string of on going attacks caused 10s of billions of damage but

Ok, the dam scenario is excessive (and kinetic already), but where that threshold crossed? If a string of on going attacks caused 10s of billions of damage but with no fatalities, would it crossed? What about incidental fatalities such as preventable deaths in a blackout? Messaging and intentions aren’t clear in this domain yet, that’s the worry about unintentional escalation.