8 ms·

Drug cocktail almost doubles lifespan of worms

98 points by LinuxBender 8y ago

EwanG 8y ago
And somehow the actual drugs being used are not mentioned. I get the concept is to identify pathways and then find similar pathways in humans, but still...
- LinuxBender 8y ago
  I too would be interested in this. The drugs mentioned are specific to worms. What would work in humans, without negative side effects? There must be a forum out there with scientists and biohackers that document their findings and process without fear of legal fallout. Maybe there is a Tor hidden site?
  - elektor 8y ago
    The closest thing I can think of is https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/ https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/ and https://www.reddit.com/r/StackAdvice/ https://www.reddit.com/r/StackAdvice/
    - LinuxBender 8y ago
      Thankyou for that. I followed those links and ended up at the beginners [1] section. It is missing a lot of warnings. The first ones that pop out at me are omega-3 and magnesium. There are a myriad of dangerous and lethal conditional side effects they are not listing. https://www.reddit.com/r/nootropics/wiki/beginners https://www.reddit.com/r/nootropics/wiki/beginners
- Cthulhu_ 8y ago
  Well yeah, because that would be revealing their secrets - if they're using off-the-shelf products then it's too easy. They want to first lock down the patents and rights on this so they can make money off of it. Which is fair of course, they put the effort in.
- fanzhang 8y ago
  The paper says: Metformin, Psora-4, Rapamycin, Rifampicin, and Allantoin. I don't recommend humans just take this cocktail. I imagine the paper combinatorially tried a ton of different chemicals and this set happened to work well. In humans: Metfomrin has been used on human studies of life extension. Rapamycin is an immunosupressant in humans. Rifamycin is an antibiotic. Allantoin and Psora-4 are not recognized by the FDA as common human medications. Seems like a common thread for the human-medication subset is anti-inflammation.
  - deleted 8y ago
    [deleted]
amarant 8y ago
exciting! between this and that blood-from-young-people therapy that was on here not so long ago, it seems we can expect older and older people to be productive in the future :) I realize I'm selling my own pension here, but I think it's a good thing. perhaps I can have shorter work-weeks after 60 or something?
- craftyguy 8y ago
  Humans != worms (well, ignoring the figurative worms, who were not in this study)
- lalaithion 8y ago
  If you save 15% of your (post-tax) income every year for 43 years, you can live off of market investment returns for essentially forever. Assuming you started working at 22, that's a retirement age of 65 with no government assistance.
  - baccheion 8y ago
    How did you arrive at this number? Based on my calculations, it will take 50 years of saving 20% of take-home into an inflation-offsetting account to be able to retire. It's assumed a house is purchased separately. If the fabled 8% YoY over and above inflation isn't available at retirement, the final amount lasts about ~20 years.
  - billmalarky 8y ago
    Curious, are you using Mr. Money Mustache for that estimate? It seemed on point for this post: http://www.mrmoneymustache.com/2012/01/13/the-shockingly-simple-math-behind-early-retirement/ http://www.mrmoneymustache.com/2012/01/13/the-shockingly-sim... If so you should probably update your comment to say "invest" instead of "save," which sounds nitpicky but the difference is huge.
- Cthulhu_ 8y ago
  Oh no, don't promote tech like this until you're retired yourself - THEN you can vote for this kind of tech to make the generation then supporting you and your retirement work longer! (that's what's happening in Europe with the age of retirement being raised left and right. I mean it's just in e.g. Greece but where I live it's gone up by 2 years because there's a slightly older generation that are now all retiring, and the system is based on growth - that is, a younger generation paying for the retirement of the older one - instead of on saving, which causes the system to collapse unless they make people work longer.
mrpoptart 8y ago
Here's the abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 And here's the paywalled paper: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1534-5807(18)30699-3 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1534-5807(18)3...
giardini 8y ago
What drugs specifically are in the "cocktail"? I could not access the paywalled paper. Gratefully fanzhang answered my question below: fanzhang:>The paper says: Metformin, Psora-4, Rapamycin, Rifampicin, and Allantoin. Here's a 2017 article w/o paywall which identified the five drugs above and also the best combinations (for worms) at that time: "Rapamycin,rifampicin, Psora-4 cocktail doubles lifespan": https://alivebynature.com/rapamycinrifampicin-psora-4-cocktail-doubles-lifespan/ https://alivebynature.com/rapamycinrifampicin-psora-4-cockta... The article states that the most successful one(at that time) was rapamycin + rifampicin + allantoin, resulting in a doubling of mean lifespan.
- wackro 8y ago
  Well, this is just an article. The paper is here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1534580718306993 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S15345... I'm not sure if the paper mentions the drugs.
- detaro 8y ago
  The drugs are clearly listed in the paper, as has been mentioned here in the comments already.
- lazerpants 8y ago
  The drugs are listed in the actual paper. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580718306993?v https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S153458071...
- chilledheat 8y ago
  Did you read the article? "The drug rapamycin is currently administered following organ transplants to prevent the body's immune system from rejecting the transplanted organs, but previous experiments by other research groups showed that it extends the lifespan of many organisms, including the C. elegans worms, fruit flies and mice" Dr Gruber's team administered combinations of two or three compounds targeting different ageing pathways to C. elegans (worms).
  - 8y ago
ryanmercer 8y ago
Meh, so does caloric restriction (even in numerous mammals like rhesus macaques) but it doesn't appear to remotely have a comparable effect in humans. Even if it did translate to humans ok you might live lonver but what about your mental health, what about your memory, what about your joints, what about your vision? I'd rather die at 40, 50 or 60 than die at 150 blind as a bat unsure of who I am or where I am 23 hours of the day being pulled around in some sort of neutral buoyancy contraption that keeps me from getting bedsores because my joints are so deteriorated even standing is quite painful.
- Erlich_Bachman 8y ago
  Why do people still use this argument? Every single proponent and scientist working on longetivity aims at increasing the life quality also, along with lifespan. It's an obvious thing to do and to aim for, and everyone seriously working in the field does this already. They are not looking to make humans live 150 years at the 80-year-old life quality, they are looking to expand and extend the life quality, so that the same quality at 40, 50, 60 years etc - to last for longer, thus extending the overall range as well...
  - ryanmercer 8y ago
    >Every single proponent and scientist working on longetivity aims at increasing the life quality also, Maybe because zero progress has been made in regards to cognitive decline, vision preservation/restoration and retarding or reversing joint deterioration? Just a hunch... Worldwide life expectancy is 1.48 times what it was in 1950 and yet: - Cancer rates have experienced a 6% (Leukemia) to 183% (Multiple Myeloma) since 1950 - 1 in 10 Americans over the age of 65 has Alzheimer’s. - According to the Vision Council of America, approximately 75% of adults use some sort of vision correction - For women, they can start to show signs of joint pain due to aging after age 50, while men are likely to see it before age 45 - Roughly 7 million people in the United States are living with a total hip or knee replacement. Continuing pain is common. So cool, some worms live an extra 2-3 weeks and have infinitely less exposure to UV radiation, wholly lack joints, have incredibly simpler brains, live orders of magnitude less to be exposed to random radiation and countless compounds that can cause genetic mutations and damage, experiences orders of magnitude less environmental stress over their lifespan etc.
reasonattlm 8y ago
This is not all that important, save as a commentary on the fact that combinational treatments are not well explored in the research community. This is true throughout medicine, and not localized to aging research. Why not all that important? 1) The current record for nematode life extension - without extending the dauer stage indefinitely, an approach that has no analogue in higher species - is a tenfold extension of life. 2) Stress response upregulation of the sort accomplished here has outcomes that diminish as species life span increases. Where we can compare directly, calorie restriction and growth hormone knockout, the result in humans is constrained to be no more than a few years of additional life. Anything larger would already have shown up in the data. So why is it that the research and development community don't undertake combinatorial treatments to any significant degree? I blame regulation and intellectual property law. Those items combine to make it much harder to find and deploy potentially synergistic therapies than to just go and work on some new single therapy. Thus there is much more work on new single therapies than one finding combinations of existing therapies that might do much better than either on its own.
- JamesBarney 8y ago
  With regards to number 1, I think it's interesting to differentiate between genetic, and drug induced changes to lifespan. If only for the reason it's too late to genetically engineer me :).
vibrio 8y ago
Does anyone know if C. Elegans get cancer? Not that I'm concerned about the prevention of cancer as a mechanism to prolonging life in this study, but I would consider potential unintended consequences in mucking with these signaling and immune pathways. It still seems to be an interesting finding.
- ryanmercer 8y ago
  >Does anyone know if C. Elegans get cancer? I don't, however C. Elegans has an average lifespan around 2–3 WEEKS. That doesn't give them a whole lot of time to be exposed to damage from umpteen sources of radiation, environmental pollutants, stress, etc unlike humans that live 7 decades (the current worldwide life expectancy is 70.5 years) which is more than 400 times longer.
- makeset 8y ago
  C. Elegans can develop tumors, but only in the germ line (gamete-producing) cells, which are the only stem cells. There are no adult somatic stem cells, i.e. no ability for repair, so no mechanism for cancer growth in the body. That said, many of the pathways that are central to mammalian cancers are there in C. Elegans, which still makes it a valuable model organism for cancer research.
andrew_ 8y ago
I for one welcome our new invertebrate overlords.
MAXPOOL 8y ago
Sean Carrol has a interesting podcast episode (and transcript) related to this type of research for those who are interested. Episode 16: Coleen Murphy on Aging, Biology, and the Future: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2018/10/01/episode-16-coleen-murphy-on-aging-biology-and-the-future/ https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2018/10/01/epis... > Aging — everybody does it, very few people actually do something about it. Coleen Murphy is an exception. In her laboratory at Princeton, she and her team study aging in the famous C. Elegans roundworm, with an eye to extending its lifespan as well as figuring out exactly what processes take place when we age. In this episode we contemplate what scientists have learned about aging, and the prospects for ameliorating its effects — or curing it altogether? — even in human beings.
- krzat 8y ago
  Even more impressive is that those worms have exactly 302 neurons. And it's enough for everything, including some kind of primitive memory.
  - MAXPOOL 8y ago
    Only 100 of those are sensory neurons. Only two neurons are for memory (interneurons as the neural substrates of mechanosensory memory).
manor 8y ago
Worms... Cut their balls off, they live longer [1] Starve them, they live longer [2] Any volunteers? [1] https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(06)00237-6 https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(06)00237-6 [2] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00238.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1474-9726...
- noobly 8y ago
  Starving seems to work for a lot of different critters, us included.
tastyham 8y ago
Sweet, I've always wished my worms would live longer!
narrator 8y ago
C60 doubles lifespan in rats[1]. Ho hum. Can't patent it and it's a cheap synthetic so guess we'll just forget about that one. I read a lot of medical research and I find stuff like this all the time. That nobody cares is proof that if there's no money or ability to politically influence by reporting it, nobody will ever find out about it. Things are brought to the surface by coordinated action, either political or economic. Everything else stays buried largely because there's simply too much stuff to look at and it takes concerted efforts to bring things to peoples attention. Political propaganda and advertising are multi-billion dollar industries for a reason. [1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498298 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498298
- dvfjsdhgfv 8y ago
  http://asserttrue.blogspot.com/2013/03/olive-oil-fullerene-and-lifespan.html# http://asserttrue.blogspot.com/2013/03/olive-oil-fullerene-a...
buboard 8y ago
so i will have to pay all those pills for life to live 3 weeks longer ... hmmmm ...
noobly 8y ago
A good day to be a worm.
member221 8y ago
I am Alexes Heche, i purchased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) herbal remedy from a herbal health clinic in Johannesburg (Natural Herbal Garden), it really helped me. I was diagnosed of COPD in Elisabeth-bruyère Hospital Ottawa Canada in August 2014. In June 2016, I had COPD exacerbation, my condition worsened and the doctors could not help me, the Flovent HFA and antibiotics prescribed stopped working, it was a terrible experience i had, so my wife reached out for an alternative treatment. My wife’s co-worker who had initially bought pulmonary fibrosis herbal remedy from Natural Herbal Gardens referred us to them for help. We contacted them via their website and purchased the COPD herbal remedy, i immediately commenced usage as soon as i received it, it worked miraculously, my airways are repaired. Visit www . naturalherbalgardens . com I did promised i will post my experience as many forums as possible if i am cured, that i am doing now.

98 points by LinuxBender 8y ago

And somehow the actual drugs being used are not mentioned. I get the concept is to identify pathways and then find similar pathways in humans, but still...

LinuxBender 8y ago
I too would be interested in this. The drugs mentioned are specific to worms. What would work in humans, without negative side effects? There must be a forum out there with scientists and biohackers that document their findings and process without fear of legal fallout. Maybe there is a Tor hidden site?
- elektor 8y ago
  The closest thing I can think of is https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/ https://www.reddit.com/r/Nootropics/ and https://www.reddit.com/r/StackAdvice/ https://www.reddit.com/r/StackAdvice/
  - LinuxBender 8y ago
    Thankyou for that. I followed those links and ended up at the beginners [1] section. It is missing a lot of warnings. The first ones that pop out at me are omega-3 and magnesium. There are a myriad of dangerous and lethal conditional side effects they are not listing. https://www.reddit.com/r/nootropics/wiki/beginners https://www.reddit.com/r/nootropics/wiki/beginners
Cthulhu_ 8y ago
Well yeah, because that would be revealing their secrets - if they're using off-the-shelf products then it's too easy. They want to first lock down the patents and rights on this so they can make money off of it. Which is fair of course, they put the effort in.
fanzhang 8y ago
The paper says: Metformin, Psora-4, Rapamycin, Rifampicin, and Allantoin. I don't recommend humans just take this cocktail. I imagine the paper combinatorially tried a ton of different chemicals and this set happened to work well. In humans: Metfomrin has been used on human studies of life extension. Rapamycin is an immunosupressant in humans. Rifamycin is an antibiotic. Allantoin and Psora-4 are not recognized by the FDA as common human medications. Seems like a common thread for the human-medication subset is anti-inflammation.
- deleted 8y ago
  [deleted]

amarant 8y ago

exciting! between this and that blood-from-young-people therapy that was on here not so long ago, it seems we can expect older and older people to be productive in the future :) I realize I'm selling my own pension here, but I think it's a good thing. perhaps I can have shorter work-weeks after 60 or something?

craftyguy 8y ago
Humans != worms (well, ignoring the figurative worms, who were not in this study)
lalaithion 8y ago
If you save 15% of your (post-tax) income every year for 43 years, you can live off of market investment returns for essentially forever. Assuming you started working at 22, that's a retirement age of 65 with no government assistance.
- baccheion 8y ago
  How did you arrive at this number? Based on my calculations, it will take 50 years of saving 20% of take-home into an inflation-offsetting account to be able to retire. It's assumed a house is purchased separately. If the fabled 8% YoY over and above inflation isn't available at retirement, the final amount lasts about ~20 years.
- billmalarky 8y ago
  Curious, are you using Mr. Money Mustache for that estimate? It seemed on point for this post: http://www.mrmoneymustache.com/2012/01/13/the-shockingly-simple-math-behind-early-retirement/ http://www.mrmoneymustache.com/2012/01/13/the-shockingly-sim... If so you should probably update your comment to say "invest" instead of "save," which sounds nitpicky but the difference is huge.
Cthulhu_ 8y ago
Oh no, don't promote tech like this until you're retired yourself - THEN you can vote for this kind of tech to make the generation then supporting you and your retirement work longer! (that's what's happening in Europe with the age of retirement being raised left and right. I mean it's just in e.g. Greece but where I live it's gone up by 2 years because there's a slightly older generation that are now all retiring, and the system is based on growth - that is, a younger generation paying for the retirement of the older one - instead of on saving, which causes the system to collapse unless they make people work longer.

mrpoptart 8y ago

Here's the abstract: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 And here's the paywalled paper: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1534-5807(18)30699-3 https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1534-5807(18)3...

giardini 8y ago

What drugs specifically are in the "cocktail"? I could not access the paywalled paper. Gratefully fanzhang answered my question below: fanzhang:>The paper says: Metformin, Psora-4, Rapamycin, Rifampicin, and Allantoin. Here's a 2017 article w/o paywall which identified the five drugs above and also the best combinations (for worms) at that time: "Rapamycin,rifampicin, Psora-4 cocktail doubles lifespan": https://alivebynature.com/rapamycinrifampicin-psora-4-cocktail-doubles-lifespan/ https://alivebynature.com/rapamycinrifampicin-psora-4-cockta... The article states that the most successful one(at that time) was rapamycin + rifampicin + allantoin, resulting in a doubling of mean lifespan.

wackro 8y ago
Well, this is just an article. The paper is here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1534580718306993 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S15345... I'm not sure if the paper mentions the drugs.
detaro 8y ago
The drugs are clearly listed in the paper, as has been mentioned here in the comments already.
lazerpants 8y ago
The drugs are listed in the actual paper. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1534580718306993?v https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S153458071...
chilledheat 8y ago
Did you read the article? "The drug rapamycin is currently administered following organ transplants to prevent the body's immune system from rejecting the transplanted organs, but previous experiments by other research groups showed that it extends the lifespan of many organisms, including the C. elegans worms, fruit flies and mice" Dr Gruber's team administered combinations of two or three compounds targeting different ageing pathways to C. elegans (worms).
- 8y ago

ryanmercer 8y ago

Meh, so does caloric restriction (even in numerous mammals like rhesus macaques) but it doesn't appear to remotely have a comparable effect in humans. Even if it did translate to humans ok you might live lonver but what about your mental health, what about your memory, what about your joints, what about your vision? I'd rather die at 40, 50 or 60 than die at 150 blind as a bat unsure of who I am or where I am 23 hours of the day being pulled around in some sort of neutral buoyancy contraption that keeps me from getting bedsores because my joints are so deteriorated even standing is quite painful.

Erlich_Bachman 8y ago
Why do people still use this argument? Every single proponent and scientist working on longetivity aims at increasing the life quality also, along with lifespan. It's an obvious thing to do and to aim for, and everyone seriously working in the field does this already. They are not looking to make humans live 150 years at the 80-year-old life quality, they are looking to expand and extend the life quality, so that the same quality at 40, 50, 60 years etc - to last for longer, thus extending the overall range as well...
- ryanmercer 8y ago
  >Every single proponent and scientist working on longetivity aims at increasing the life quality also, Maybe because zero progress has been made in regards to cognitive decline, vision preservation/restoration and retarding or reversing joint deterioration? Just a hunch... Worldwide life expectancy is 1.48 times what it was in 1950 and yet: - Cancer rates have experienced a 6% (Leukemia) to 183% (Multiple Myeloma) since 1950 - 1 in 10 Americans over the age of 65 has Alzheimer’s. - According to the Vision Council of America, approximately 75% of adults use some sort of vision correction - For women, they can start to show signs of joint pain due to aging after age 50, while men are likely to see it before age 45 - Roughly 7 million people in the United States are living with a total hip or knee replacement. Continuing pain is common. So cool, some worms live an extra 2-3 weeks and have infinitely less exposure to UV radiation, wholly lack joints, have incredibly simpler brains, live orders of magnitude less to be exposed to random radiation and countless compounds that can cause genetic mutations and damage, experiences orders of magnitude less environmental stress over their lifespan etc.

reasonattlm 8y ago

This is not all that important, save as a commentary on the fact that combinational treatments are not well explored in the research community. This is true throughout medicine, and not localized to aging research. Why not all that important? 1) The current record for nematode life extension - without extending the dauer stage indefinitely, an approach that has no analogue in higher species - is a tenfold extension of life. 2) Stress response upregulation of the sort accomplished here has outcomes that diminish as species life span increases. Where we can compare directly, calorie restriction and growth hormone knockout, the result in humans is constrained to be no more than a few years of additional life. Anything larger would already have shown up in the data. So why is it that the research and development community don't undertake combinatorial treatments to any significant degree? I blame regulation and intellectual property law. Those items combine to make it much harder to find and deploy potentially synergistic therapies than to just go and work on some new single therapy. Thus there is much more work on new single therapies than one finding combinations of existing therapies that might do much better than either on its own.

JamesBarney 8y ago
With regards to number 1, I think it's interesting to differentiate between genetic, and drug induced changes to lifespan. If only for the reason it's too late to genetically engineer me :).

vibrio 8y ago

Does anyone know if C. Elegans get cancer? Not that I'm concerned about the prevention of cancer as a mechanism to prolonging life in this study, but I would consider potential unintended consequences in mucking with these signaling and immune pathways. It still seems to be an interesting finding.

ryanmercer 8y ago
>Does anyone know if C. Elegans get cancer? I don't, however C. Elegans has an average lifespan around 2–3 WEEKS. That doesn't give them a whole lot of time to be exposed to damage from umpteen sources of radiation, environmental pollutants, stress, etc unlike humans that live 7 decades (the current worldwide life expectancy is 70.5 years) which is more than 400 times longer.
makeset 8y ago
C. Elegans can develop tumors, but only in the germ line (gamete-producing) cells, which are the only stem cells. There are no adult somatic stem cells, i.e. no ability for repair, so no mechanism for cancer growth in the body. That said, many of the pathways that are central to mammalian cancers are there in C. Elegans, which still makes it a valuable model organism for cancer research.

andrew_ 8y ago

I for one welcome our new invertebrate overlords.

MAXPOOL 8y ago

Sean Carrol has a interesting podcast episode (and transcript) related to this type of research for those who are interested. Episode 16: Coleen Murphy on Aging, Biology, and the Future: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2018/10/01/episode-16-coleen-murphy-on-aging-biology-and-the-future/ https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/2018/10/01/epis... > Aging — everybody does it, very few people actually do something about it. Coleen Murphy is an exception. In her laboratory at Princeton, she and her team study aging in the famous C. Elegans roundworm, with an eye to extending its lifespan as well as figuring out exactly what processes take place when we age. In this episode we contemplate what scientists have learned about aging, and the prospects for ameliorating its effects — or curing it altogether? — even in human beings.

krzat 8y ago
Even more impressive is that those worms have exactly 302 neurons. And it's enough for everything, including some kind of primitive memory.
- MAXPOOL 8y ago
  Only 100 of those are sensory neurons. Only two neurons are for memory (interneurons as the neural substrates of mechanosensory memory).

manor 8y ago

Worms... Cut their balls off, they live longer [1] Starve them, they live longer [2] Any volunteers? [1] https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(06)00237-6 https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(06)00237-6 [2] https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00238.x https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1474-9726...

noobly 8y ago
Starving seems to work for a lot of different critters, us included.

tastyham 8y ago

Sweet, I've always wished my worms would live longer!

narrator 8y ago

C60 doubles lifespan in rats[1]. Ho hum. Can't patent it and it's a cheap synthetic so guess we'll just forget about that one. I read a lot of medical research and I find stuff like this all the time. That nobody cares is proof that if there's no money or ability to politically influence by reporting it, nobody will ever find out about it. Things are brought to the surface by coordinated action, either political or economic. Everything else stays buried largely because there's simply too much stuff to look at and it takes concerted efforts to bring things to peoples attention. Political propaganda and advertising are multi-billion dollar industries for a reason. [1]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498298 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22498298

dvfjsdhgfv 8y ago
http://asserttrue.blogspot.com/2013/03/olive-oil-fullerene-and-lifespan.html# http://asserttrue.blogspot.com/2013/03/olive-oil-fullerene-a...

buboard 8y ago

so i will have to pay all those pills for life to live 3 weeks longer ... hmmmm ...

noobly 8y ago

A good day to be a worm.

member221 8y ago

I am Alexes Heche, i purchased chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) herbal remedy from a herbal health clinic in Johannesburg (Natural Herbal Garden), it really helped me. I was diagnosed of COPD in Elisabeth-bruyère Hospital Ottawa Canada in August 2014. In June 2016, I had COPD exacerbation, my condition worsened and the doctors could not help me, the Flovent HFA and antibiotics prescribed stopped working, it was a terrible experience i had, so my wife reached out for an alternative treatment. My wife’s co-worker who had initially bought pulmonary fibrosis herbal remedy from Natural Herbal Gardens referred us to them for help. We contacted them via their website and purchased the COPD herbal remedy, i immediately commenced usage as soon as i received it, it worked miraculously, my airways are repaired. Visit www . naturalherbalgardens . com I did promised i will post my experience as many forums as possible if i am cured, that i am doing now.