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Ask HN: What is the dark side of working at a successful startup?
- rabidrat 8y agoManaging hypergrowth. Especially if it is investment-driven rather than customer-driven. But either way, it's hard to watch your fun and quirky little company become just another profit-motivated machine.
- cbanek 8y agoI'll take a wager and say it's overwork. If you're a startup, and a successful one, you're probably very busy. Busy doing a lot of things, wearing a lot of different hats. Many startups can be victims of their own success, and don't necessarily scale up well, or at least well at first. There can be some real ups and downs. If you get traction but then are in a hiring frenzy, that can be hard, since you have your normal workload, plus the additional workload of interviewing.
- fouc 8y agoThe dark side is probably the equity - how to actually cash out on that. For example, employees at Gilt were expecting an IPO and then eventually it got acquired by another company and devalued their stock, yet they paid taxes on the earlier value of it, and ended up losing money.
- jacknews 8y agoAssuming you get any? There are plenty of 'startups' that offer none.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
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- jimmaswell 8y agoWhy wasn't that a capital loss?
- toomuchtodo 8y agoYou're still on the hook for the taxes upfront when you exercise, and you're going to deduct $3k/year of that investment loss off your taxes until you die. https://github.com/jlevy/og-equity-compensation#taxes-on-stock-and-options https://github.com/jlevy/og-equity-compensation#taxes-on-sto...
- closeparen 8y agoCapital losses offset capital gains, not earned income (except very slowly). They protect investors, not equity-compensated employees.
- jimmaswell 8y agoSo if you get a million dollars of equity, and it devalues to $10 before you cash it out, you have to pay taxes on the million? That's insane.
- coltonv 8y agoI think it's important to recognize every startup is different, some may have dark sides others will be wonderful place to work. Furthermore, people are different, and what might be a dark side to some would be attractive to others. If you're asking HN, does that mean you feel something bad in your gut? If so, just talk to people who hired you or reach out to existing employees and try to get your questions answered. They'll help a lot more than people on HN who aren't familiar with your exact situation.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- tlb 8y agoSuccess can hide a lot of problems. Companies with wildly successful products have a strong bias toward "we must be doing everything right," when in fact the truth is only "we did some things right at some point". That bias can make it hard to change things, even clearly broken things. It can make it hard to introduce new products, since anything new will be tiny compared to the old successful product. It can make it hard to get rid of bad managers, since their bottom line looks great. For a view from inside this phenomenon, read http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html http://www.paulgraham.com/yahoo.html
- throwaway515 8y agoThis exactly, and sometimes it can be more than just a broken process or two. It could be that the rumors you hear are true, that there's some dirty secret that will eventually surface and endanger the entire business, and that there’s no bond of trust with executive leadership to confront it before it’s too late. I worked at a unicorn that seemed unstoppable until allegations of fraud surfaced in a major publication, its customers started pulling out, and investors filed a lawsuit. The company shrank dramatically over a period of months, pulled out of a flagship office move, and today is a fraction of its size before the turmoil.
- skolsuper 8y agoZenefits?
- da02 8y agoWere any of the allegations true?
- georgewsinger 8y agoTheranos?
- abraham_lincoln 8y agoAmazon.com?
- NsvAsd9i8uOQo 8y ago
- gammateam 8y agono clear personal growth and career growth path company wide meetings about arbitrary things that don't matter (ie. 2 people reply to the company account on twitter and suddenly EVERYONE has to get involved) pretending someone's use (or lack thereof) of their unlimited vacation matters, because it won't after the exit or buyout or shutdown
- exogeny 8y agoIt depends on how you define "successful". There are an awful lot of startups that are successful solely and completely on their ability to raise money. Every year there are double-digit startups who sell and the employees get nothing, because they raised too much money and couldn't sell the company for a number higher than the preference stack.
- _m96l 8y agoI don't think there's one universal "dark side" to working at any successful startup, not anymore than there's one "dark side" to working at any other very broad category of projects. At best, you're going to get a laundry list of various issues people encountered at (what they consider to be) successful startups. I'd answer the question a bit differently: the downside of working at a successful startup versus a successful mature company. At a mature company, success is more of a uniformly good thing. There will typically be growth, people will be promoted, there will be a strong inclination to keep the current team ("don't change a winning horse") so often anyone in influential position will see increased bonuses and other benefits. Very often you can expect promotion, especially if it's a mid-sized growing outfit rather than a huge one. In startups, "success" often means your shares are worth more on paper, but not necessarily more profit. For example, "success" at a startup may mean your userbase is exploding, but you're not making profit on each user, and perhaps even losing a bit. Like every other process, success can lead to less stable and predictable results in startups versus mature companies. Often it will increase stress, as more successful startups are under even more pressure to keep performing, since you are now a potential unicorn. There will be a lot more investor interest, but that comes with increased scrutiny and pressure to succeed. It's quite likely there will be changes, including personnel changes. Many startups are a wild bet at first, so they start with a "B team", a group of people whose opportunity cost is typically low, which means they're not at the top of their field and often don't have a solid track record, so they're willing to take the risk on an unproven business model. As the startup shows signs of success, investors will be willing to pay more, and the bet starts to look more promising, so "A players" will start showing more interest. Very often there will be pressure to bring such A players in to replace anyone important all the way up to the executives. This is especially true when VCs are involved, and they will often have an "A team" in mind to replace the old "B team". So I'd summarize that success at a startup will tend to bring more pressure and a lot more risk of bad outcomes for you as an employee. For many employees, that may be a net negative. There's also a positive though: if you're considered an essential, well-performing employee, and willing to work very hard and withstand the increasing pressures, you may end up as part of the new "A team", which may get you a fat package of shares that are now more likely to be worth something. But I've also seen startups where any one who worked there so far was looked down upon as a stereotypical "B player", with even great performance disregarded and ignored. So there's potential reward, but a lot more risk. There are also many horror stories about how getting dismissed as a "B player" at this stage also involves the owners trying to suck back every piece of equity you may have hoped to retain. Now that the equity is worth something, you'll find the majority owners typically a lot less willing to share it. You'll obviously lose any options that haven't vested. Sometimes "B players" with a lot of yet-unvested options will be dismissed for that reason alone...
- syntaxing 8y agoDoesn't happen at all startups but work vs reward. I feel like in startups especially at successful ones, the founders gain so much at the expense of the workers (usually in the form of time).
- crunchlibrarian 8y agoI have had two startups promise me the moon and the stars only to fire me shortly after the product was developed and viable. One found a way to screw me out of all the equity as well, which would have made me a ten something millionaire. Once people start smelling money things shift quickly.
- deanmoriarty 8y agoI would be very interested in knowing the specific details of how you got your equity stolen in a legal way, if you have some time to reply. Thanks
- abraham_lincoln 8y agoI am guessing no agreement regarding dilution and/or liquidity preference?
- deanmoriarty 8y agoWhat you’re mentioning sounds more like a case where the company was not a big success and things like heavy dilution came into play? In that case, I’d hardly call it “getting screwed”, that’s just a risk of doing business with a startup that failed to execute properly, or lost against opposing market forces. In other words, when the company goes bad and it’s forced to take heavy dilution or aggressive liquidation preferences it’s obvious that common holders are going to get wiped out. But, and that’s the part interesting to me, what greedy behavior from a company can make the common holders get screwed even when the company sale is a big success? An example of getting screwed was the clawback clause that the Skype employees had, which gave the company the right of buying back the exercised shares from common holders at the original exercise price rather than the market value at sale time (or something like that). That’s called “being screwed”, not seeing your shares getting wiped out because your founders had to dilute the common holders (which many times includes themselves) 50% during a difficult fundraise.
- crunchlibrarian 8y agoBasically they pretended to go out of business and reorganized the company slightly to purge all equity holders they didn't actually want to have equity. I lawyered up but I can only afford a five figure lawyer, at that point they were willing to bring in a seven figure lawyer so that was that.
- bengotow 8y agoI'd say there are a couple problems you're likely to have at a successful startup: 1) You (the early engineer) get promoted and are leading the charge, but have no mentors or role models to help you develop your career. 2) You raise a huge Series A / B, and everyone says "spend it in 18 months" so you hire a ton of people quickly, which significantly changes the company culture. Your first attempts at introducing structure / management to the team are rough, and early engineers get frustrated the growth and seek out smaller teams. 3) You (and everyone else) think the startup is "successful" as valuations increase and build your internal narrative around this success. Later reality sets in - you need a bridge round! Since you and your co-workers placed so much of your self worth in the company's success it totally destroys morale.
- kevinpet 8y agoThis fits my experience. Also important to remember that success is cyclical. One year you think "wow I never thought it could take off like this" and the next year is "where did all the growth go, how did these idiots ever think this product would succeed".
- goatherders 8y agoI advise a startup in the bay area and sat in on a meeting with an early investor last week. A plan for raising a series A was laid out and he said "why do you want to raise money outside of being in SV? Nothing you have told me indicates you need funding."
- throwaway09871 8y agoStartup promised options in employment contracts. Three years later, employees find out they were never granted. Very stressful and depressing. What to do? Can you recommend a good attorney in the Bay Area?
- streblo 8y agoIf you're acquired, there's a significant risk of a cultural clash between the people from your company and the current employees. "I didn't want this job" syndrome is real.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- holman 8y agoPeople. Success breeds some weird shit, especially if you were close to people, which happens a lot in startups with a high work ethic. Friends turn into strangers, friends turn into enemies. Some make more money than you — a lot more — and some make less than you — a lot less. Brews some weird undercurrent sometimes. Money changes things. Even if you don't make real money... the perception of success changes things, too. The road to a "successful startup" can be paved with a lot of bullshit. Burnout, depression, stress, mistakes. Regret. Employees locked in their handcuffs, even though they hate their work and their lives. Taxes. Paying people to advise you on all of these things. Trying to do something bigger the next time. Trying to move up and forward, bigger and better. Recapturing the lightning in a bottle. Dealing with yourself, and your reactions to all of this. Feeling uncomfortable about those feelings.
- mikekchar 8y agoSuccessful companies also attract gold diggers. When the company is small, unless everybody is going above and beyond the call of duty, it's likely going to fail. As the company gets bigger, there is more and more latitude for failure. At some point it is successful enough that it can survive having people whose only goal is to direct a large amount of money into their pockets. This can lead to really weird decisions being made as people try to kill off "competing" projects, or to sabotage other people who are interfering with the flow of money into pockets. If you happen to be the hapless person who is innocently trying to make the company successful and who is not paying attention to where the money "should" flow, it can be quite painful for you. Of course, you will always be comforted by they near-apology, "It's nothing personal. It's just business" as they drive you ruthlessly into the ground.
- mooreds 8y agoSlightly different take: I remember back in the dotcom boom, a company of which I was a part started to go downhill (in a bumpy fashion, with VC money). In retrospect, one of the early employees observed that this happened when the company "was big enough that people could hide". That seemed to happen around 60ish people.
- seibelj 8y agoThe best reason to work at a startup is if you are a founder and have significant equity. The other reasons to join are if you are enamored with a technology that they specifically use or want to get experience quickly wearing a lot of hats. There are no other reasons to work at a startup. You will work much harder, for less money, and poor benefits relative to larger companies. You work in uncertainty. Unless you are a founder, you will not make a lot of money in an exit unless the company hits the lottery and becomes google.
- toomuchtodo 8y agoAdvice like this helps people from wasting the best years of their life.
- seibelj 8y agoI have worked at several startups. So far my payout from stock options has been a $7,000 loss, but maybe some of these shares will be worth something... someday! My career was accelerated because of all the experience I had, and in terms of title and skills I got ahead faster. But in terms of total compensation and the number of hairs remaining on my head, I would have much more wealth and many more hairs had I played it safe at a megacorp.
- swoorup 8y agoDo you literally meant that you have lost some hairs. This is the only thing that is holding me back from joining startups
- seibelj 8y agoLooking at my uncles and brother, I would have lost this hair either way. But I have certainly been in a lot of stressful situations. One time I took a paycut to minimum wage that lasted 6 months! Not fun. But in tech, any halfway talented engineer can get a job in 5 seconds, so the risk isn’t that bad. It’s just the hours, the stress, the uncertainty, the low pay relative to megacorps, and the founders who make 1000x payout if they manage to sell it.
- cdoxsey 8y agoGetting acquired and watching everything you built get rendered obsolete overnight. It's a good reminder that almost everything you build is fleeting. Especially in a startup where you often pour your heart and soul into a product. Ecclesiastes: > For a person may labor with wisdom, knowledge and skill, and then they must leave all they own to another who has not toiled for it. This too is meaningless and a great misfortune. What do people get for all the toil and anxious striving with which they labor under the sun? All their days their work is grief and pain; even at night their minds do not rest. This too is meaningless.
- gurumeditations 8y agoEcclesiastes is so underrated.
- mempko 8y agoMake that shit Free Software as fast as possible.
- eropple 8y agoThat becomes the decision of the acquiring company. Why would they do that?
- adaml_623 8y agoYou could say because the acquiring company might be motivated by a desire for staff OR customers. If that's the case then sometimes the software developed might still be of use in the public domain. It's very dependant on what is being created. Is it a tool, a product, or a community?
- jorangreef 8y agoThanks for the Ecclesiastes quote, Ecclesiastes is one of my favorite wisdom books, and a classic for any startup founder. Just to add to your comment, I think the key to understanding the "meaningless" motif, and how the book works, is that the "meaningless" motif is used by the author to shut off every dead-end path, things that perhaps might be good things but good things which can't bear the weight of worship, things which can't in themselves give meaning or purpose to your life. It's like a rat maze, with the author helpfully shutting all the paths, except the one path that matters, "the conclusion of the matter", the path of the "firmly embedded nails" on which you can stake your life, the path which is the duty of man, the path which is truly good and which will ultimately be rewarded.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- kitcar 8y agoAt times redefining moral and ethics to better fit a business plan
- dothedishes 8y agoThis is a great question. Thank you!
- throwaway292901 8y ago"Successful" has a different meaning depending on your title. I work for a successful startup and all the c-levels are happy, but as developer #1 I am very unhappy. The goal was acquisition. We developers did our job: we iterated on several products until one of them struck gold and is minting money. We are ready to move on. The founders are enjoying the success and have put less priority on acquisition. As a "stay-up" we are now in the growth phase: more middle-tier, more process, more meetings, more politics, more hiring, more distractions, etc. Due to our success, I can no longer afford the taxes on exercising my options. I'm completely locked up with golden handcuffs. I want to leave, but if I do and they sell in the next couple of years I don't think I could handle it. I feel stuck and it's starting to affect my mental health.
- liquidise 8y agoHave the founders considered a profit-sharing solution in the interim? No matter how profitable the current circumstances are, every startup ive been a part of would badly want to solve for the response you wrote about. Particularly in an early engineer who (i assume) knows basically everyone about the codebase and surrounding tech.
- bm1362 8y agoWhy not talk to the ESO fund to see if they’ll pay your tax bill?
- drfuchs 8y agoAnyone considering a “developer #1” position at a (presumably pre-money, low valuation) company is well-advised to insist on pre-exercising their options to avoid exactly this conundrum. You should even be able to get the cost covered with a signing bonus, since the company will get the cash right back. Then you can quit any time and keep all your vested shares, with no tax consequences. Worked out swell for me. Consult a real tax attorney, of course.
- iamleppert 8y agoThe dark side is probably joining a cool small tech company with interesting problems and work and cool people. As a result of your (& others work) it becomes successful and one day you look around and realize you no longer fit in -- it's become the big tech company you left and vowed to never work at again. Your peers don't care about tech in the same way and don't have the same passion as you, but are still there regardless and viewed as your equal. You feel as if they don't deserve their place, and many actually discredit your work with the benefit of hindsight and all of their 6 months of experience. Increasingly, your tenure is seen as a liability rather than an asset and you feel the distinct sense of an "old crew" vs. "new crew" forming as the people you know and loved are slowly replaced with new comers who are attracted to the success of the company, like a moth to a flame, but who you know would never have joined in the early days. You watch as design by committee takes firmly hold, insignificant straw man wins are the subject of great excitement, and processes replace unstructured trust. Finally, after the company hires a "Director of UX" you realize it's simply not your thing anymore. You must make the hard decision to leave and never look back.
- jacknews 8y agoNow imagine that you didn't get any equity also.
- iamleppert 8y agoHaha I didn't get any equity in the end.
- borplk 8y agoWow. This is so well written and succinct. I love HN for these comments.
- 3minus1 8y agoThis gave me chills. You have to wonder though, how these nightmarish, big companies continue to achieve success and grow. Maybe software engineering, however shoddy, is just not that hard to make good enough.
- goatherders 8y agoI've worked at a few startups in the relatively early days. My impression is that aside from money, early employees want to be appreciated for the success they helped build. People who were there when under 100 employees are less accepting of employee 500. Not always, but often enough. And those same employees can get preferential treatment from management. Again, not always but often enough. Additionally it is important to remember that a successful startup isnt really a startup anymore. It's a business. When I was at WP Engine in the earlyish days I remember telling my boss "if we are successful then we are going to build a company we dont really want to work for anymore."
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- danschumann 8y agoI would guess that some people achieve financial success and suddenly think their opinion in every realm is the correct one, and think every choice they make is most moral.
- newscracker 8y agoThe nature of a startup is long hours and a lot of work, chaos, unpredictability and some reward (a lot more of all these than in other places). A successful startup is not immune to these. So one dark side is looking back years later and realizing that all those long hours and reward (money) were probably not worth as much as lost relationships and time outside of work. I don’t like the term “work life balance”, but the lack of it can immensely cause long term issues...many irreversible because there’s no time machine. Basically, if your work is taking your attention or keeping you away for more than 8 hours a day and also adding continuous stress for a long enough time, then some other things in life have to give...those things usually cannot be replaced effectively at a later time.
- rimliu 8y agoI increasingly see "long hours and a lot of work" as a cargo-cult of startups. Almost everyone talks how this should be this way if you want to be successful, but where is the data? Alas, the only counterexample I know is Basecamp built with DHH spending 10hr/week on it.
- growthexecutive 8y agoAgreed. Most startup founders I've seen "complain" about having to work 12 hour days, 6 days a week but in reality they are wasting a lot of time doing nothing and could get the same amount of work done in a 40 hour week. They then go on to complain about it but in reality they think it shows how tough they are for being able to do this.
- newscracker 8y agoYou're right. The larger question is how many productive hours people are putting in (which is not easy to measure) and what they're actively doing about reducing the number of hours by improving productivity, efficiency, automation, etc. Constant firefighting is not what any workplace should be about for a long period of time.
- jmspring 8y agoEarly employees get fucked over by later hires in terms of both salary and equity.
- RHSman2 8y agoValues.
- tunges 8y agoYep, before "values" it was "diversity and inclusion" ... before D&I, it was "affirmative action" There is nothing more de-motivating than being forced to hire applicants because they're from a "disadvantaged background" or due to unique sexual fetish characteristics. I've joined many early stage startups over the years. The first few years of any business is paradise and there is certainly no better feeling than when all employees onboarded are truly aligned, dedicated, and oriented towards making the business a success. Kiss the culture goodbye once HR starts setting doctrines for ethnic quotas and begins to impose their own corrupt views of how company cultures should be. And where does it begin, in the creation of "values". Their values.
- PeOe 8y agoThe fear of failing and long working hours.
- lbriner 8y agoSuddenly realising that you have to do things in a way you don't want to because of investors demanding growth! Restructuring, moving the office, laying certain people off, bringing certain new people on, making profit everything and only pretending that everything else is still important.
- deleted 8y ago[deleted]
- felyciatan 8y agomaybe analyzing the character of your boss and coworkers and then being a pleasant figure are the key. Sometimes you have to really change your character when you enter the office and really become someone else source : http://www.aseangol.online http://www.aseangol.online
- imshubham 8y agoYou will enjoy journey for sure if you are aware about running progress of company and where else you can contribute to make it a successful company. I have been part of two start-up for 6year. Spent 4.8+ year in first one, we start with 7 and reached to 70. I have to take a break of 15 days because of some reason and this is where company took steps to start with new in-house project. Everything was so speedy that I could not be able to understand core and just started to work wherever I can add some value but that was the worst decision I made. By the time I could not be able to summarise my folio and ended with some low value communication with founder. But nevertheless it helped me to improve lot as professional. You must be aware about work you are doing, it just should not be labour work for long time. If you thinking to have 9-6pm job then that's the only Dark-side I would say; else everything is fine.
- awahhh 8y agoFor me there was a lot... Being pushed around by members of the founder's entourage who are untouchable, especially incompetent people who would never be hired at the same level elsewhere. As a new grad coming in fresh out of school, realizing your equity is probably worth 1/10 what you thought when all is said and done. Dealing with the middle management takeover and dodging accompanying political bullets as the new VPs and Directors try to clean house and eliminate threats to their authority / careers. Dealing with underdeveloped HR that mishandles issues like sexual assault and harassment. Seeing some early coworkers who play their cards right get fast tracked in their career and go into management shortly after graduation, and feeling like a loser for remaining an IC / little person. The worst one is realizing you worked somewhere for the equity, only to discover that you are X years behind in your professional development because you spent most of your time hustling and rushing your work.
- romanovcode 8y ago> Seeing some early coworkers who play their cards right get fast tracked in their career and go into management shortly after graduation, and feeling like a loser for remaining an IC / little person. The worst one is realizing you worked somewhere for the equity, only to discover that you are X years behind in your professional development because you spent most of your time hustling and rushing your work. You must take it as a lesson and don't do same mistakes twice.
- codesternews 8y agoWork life balance sucks.
- danesparza 8y agoHaving worked at a company that went from < $50 million to > $1 billion in less than 10 years I think the biggest dark side is when it's all over. Either the company will get bought, leadership will leave and company priorities will change -- or you'll just end up leaving. When you decide to move on, you'll notice that all other companies seem less smart and a LOT less intense. You might find yourself attempting to unsuccessfully chase that high that you had before when working for a successful startup or attempting to 'go back to the way it was' ... but the odds are stacked against you. There's no going back. And there's no recreating what you had. Just treasure it. Very few devs get the opportunity to work for a startup. Even fewer get the opportunity to work for a successful startup.
- _thedarkside 8y agoThe cost on myself, my life and my family. Nothing is free. Ever. You can implement one thing and there are a number of other things you did not implement. In my case that meant always always focusing on product and finishing above all else. Shitty engineering and bad choices litter the code. Even worse bad design is everywhere. All in the name of "getting shit done." As that stacks up it costs more and more. More late night calls. More time spent trying to fix things that should not be broken to begin with. Just one more day in the week to do something operational for once. Another night spent trying to keep things running. Those all add up over time. And they cost.
- Renee-Helten 8y agoIts always risky to switch to your job with a startup. There isn't any security for your job as well as for salary.
- loadfocus 8y ago1. work life balance (especially in the early days) 2. defining new features and backing decisions with data 3. selling your stocks too early and moving on
- throwacc2 8y agohard to leave when bonus + $$ is so high. So you can get yelled at, things can be unfair, and in any normal circumstances you'd leave. But what if you can make millions.. would you stay another year..?
- OnlyRepliesToBS 8y agosociopaths
- Tharkun 8y agoThe unfairness of it all. Years ago I was employee #1 at a small company, which grew quite large in terms of user base and profit. VC was attracted. More profit was made. New C-level executives were attracted. The founders and C-levels made very profitable deals for themselves. The engineers got nothing. No bonus, no stock options, nada. I left the company a lot more cynical than I joined it.
- whamlastxmas 8y agoDid you have any equity in the company? If you didn't, why do you feel entitled to share in profits and success?
- Tharkun 8y agoI didn't have any equity. The only thing I invested was several years of my life and a fair amount of blood,sweat&tears. The other early days engineers and myself worked our asses of, going beyond the call of duty as they say. I don't think I (or my former coworkers) felt entitled as such. We certainly did feel like we were underappreciated when piles of cash were being handed out to everyone but us.
- whamlastxmas 8y agoThe harsh truth is that your expectations were wrong. I could be a lot nicer about this but it's the simple fact. You thought you deserved more because you busted your ass and took a risk, but the reality is that it's just sort of silly to work at startups and bust your ass without some legally binding agreement to potentially get a reward for your above-and-beyond work.
- whamlastxmas 8y agoUgh, sorry, I was in a bad mood. Sorry for my comment. Your feelings are valid, I was just being a dick.
- Taylor_OD 8y agoA lot of people equate success with happiness. Especially if you're company is making headlines. One does not always accompany the other and it will be difficult for many people in your life to accept that.
- relaunched 8y agoThere have been a lot of great comments hear. I call the problem, "The True Believer Problem". True believers are those who are bought in to the product and vision, and ultimately are personally invested in the company's success, regardless of compensation. However, they are hard to distinguish from the opportunist, who can spot true believers, and their success, and then latch on. They often reflect back to key executive / founders, the values / language / signs of being a true believer, but their investment in the company's success is directly tied to their financial upside. Oftentimes these folks work very hard to market themselves, and their company, but mostly themselves. It can also cause cultural rifts because non-executive true believers spot this behavior and have very little recourse. The culture starts to suffer, little by little. Startup boards can be highly problematic. Some board members are great, but many can't differentiate the best interest of the company from their own best interest. They can be highly-biased and interested in a getting a good return / new investments opportunities / using the company to leverage their professional network. This often comes into play when your board is only a combination of founders & investors. Who's bringing the industry experience w/o pressures of an exit? Who's sitting on the board because they care? Many very important things don't matter early. There's a mindset that Compliance / Security / Legal / HR are things that big companies worry about. That they just slow down agile startups. The reality is that the reason that the perception is that those things will slow companies down is two-fold. One, most founders that never worked in leadership roles at legacy or non-startups don't know anything about them. Secondly, boards don't really care about this stuff until they need to be in place for an IPO. They don't even really matter if your plan is to be acquired. This leads to some very toxic environments.