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>While the 44.1 kHz sample rate is famous for use in CD audio it's kind of ridiculous for other applications. 48 kHz is a far better starting choice for many, m

>While the 44.1 kHz sample rate is famous for use in CD audio it's kind of ridiculous for other applications. 48 kHz is a far better starting choice for many, many reasons. Can you list a few? Honest question.

ChuckMcM 8y ago
Not the author but I like 48Khz because its easy to generate on most systems and with a 24Khz nyquist if you set your low pass 3dB point to 24khz you have very little attenuation from dc do 22Khz.
justin66 8y ago
48khz does give you a stream that's easy to upsample to 96khz or 192khz. IMO the OP is overstating the case, but it's nice to have.
kkielhofner 8y ago
- 48 kHz can be more easily (and more importantly - accurately) resampled to other common sample rates (which tend to be round multiples of 8). - While 44.1 kHz can theoretically sample the entire range of human hearing there are some practical considerations that give 48 kHz an advantage. That said, there are few reasons to use sample rates above 48 kHz: https://xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/neil-young.html https://xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/neil-young.html - Most importantly 48 kHz is essentially "the standard" on most operating systems, hardware, hardware drivers, various audio frameworks, codecs, audio applications, audio editors, etc, etc. For example, 48 kHz is the only required sample rate in the Intel High Definition Audio Specification (section 7.3.4.7): https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/high-definition-audio-specification.pdf https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents... Section 2.2 also describes that the timing for the HDA stream format is based on 48 kHz sample rates and other sample rates require some gymnastics (section 5.4.1) to implement. - Perhaps not surprising to the HN crowd there can be various issues with other sample rates and resampling across different hardware, operating systems, etc: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=154538 https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=154538 https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chromecast/k6JZRM2TUco https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chromecast/k6... https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5794 https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5794 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/discuss-webrtc/EGvSbzQJutg https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/discuss-webrtc/EGvSb... https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=86767 https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=86767 In 2018 we should be faithfully playing, recording, and transporting audio at 48 kHz. Legacy applications such as the PSTN, CDs, etc will continue to run at their various rates but I can't think of many valid reasons for new applications to use anything other than 48 kHz.
- Baeocystin 8y ago
  Thanks for the informative response. (You, too, Justin & Chuck.) Much appreciated.
- copperx 8y ago
  What if the final sample rate of whatever you're recording will be 44.1kHz? How much is audio affected by resampling 48kHz to 44.1kHz?
  - gnud 8y ago
    If you're working digitally, you won't introduce any noise. There is the possibility of errors in sounds between 22.05kHz and 24 kHz, but they're easily fixed with a low-pass-filter at 22Khz before resampling.

ChuckMcM 8y ago

Not the author but I like 48Khz because its easy to generate on most systems and with a 24Khz nyquist if you set your low pass 3dB point to 24khz you have very little attenuation from dc do 22Khz.

justin66 8y ago

48khz does give you a stream that's easy to upsample to 96khz or 192khz. IMO the OP is overstating the case, but it's nice to have.

kkielhofner 8y ago

- 48 kHz can be more easily (and more importantly - accurately) resampled to other common sample rates (which tend to be round multiples of 8). - While 44.1 kHz can theoretically sample the entire range of human hearing there are some practical considerations that give 48 kHz an advantage. That said, there are few reasons to use sample rates above 48 kHz: https://xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/neil-young.html https://xiph.org/~xiphmont/demo/neil-young.html - Most importantly 48 kHz is essentially "the standard" on most operating systems, hardware, hardware drivers, various audio frameworks, codecs, audio applications, audio editors, etc, etc. For example, 48 kHz is the only required sample rate in the Intel High Definition Audio Specification (section 7.3.4.7): https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/high-definition-audio-specification.pdf https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents... Section 2.2 also describes that the timing for the HDA stream format is based on 48 kHz sample rates and other sample rates require some gymnastics (section 5.4.1) to implement. - Perhaps not surprising to the HN crowd there can be various issues with other sample rates and resampling across different hardware, operating systems, etc: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=154538 https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=154538 https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chromecast/k6JZRM2TUco https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/chromecast/k6... https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5794 https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=5794 https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/discuss-webrtc/EGvSbzQJutg https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/discuss-webrtc/EGvSb... https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=86767 https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=86767 In 2018 we should be faithfully playing, recording, and transporting audio at 48 kHz. Legacy applications such as the PSTN, CDs, etc will continue to run at their various rates but I can't think of many valid reasons for new applications to use anything other than 48 kHz.

Baeocystin 8y ago
Thanks for the informative response. (You, too, Justin & Chuck.) Much appreciated.
copperx 8y ago
What if the final sample rate of whatever you're recording will be 44.1kHz? How much is audio affected by resampling 48kHz to 44.1kHz?
- gnud 8y ago
  If you're working digitally, you won't introduce any noise. There is the possibility of errors in sounds between 22.05kHz and 24 kHz, but they're easily fixed with a low-pass-filter at 22Khz before resampling.