The most obvious limits are observational limits and comprehension/interpretation limits. This first is determined by the tools available, and thus technologica

The most obvious limits are observational limits and comprehension/interpretation limits. This first is determined by the tools available, and thus technological and engineering advancements extend this limit. Of course, there are inherent difficulties that accumulate as we try to peer further and deeper, and I think it is likely we hit some practical barrier that is virtually impossible to get past. If for example, a thousand years from now, we need the energy from a million suns to fully verify that we have reached the bottom layer of physics, we may never be able to pull that off. Comprehension and interpretation limits seem fuzzier and trickier to speculate on -- but they definitely exist. We are running up against many of them right now with the complex systems we attempt to model. It seems that software tools and AI developments are the most obvious ways to continually push this forward, but there may be some deep difficulties and pragmatic barriers lurking here as well. There is a lot of room before we start hitting serious limits and overwhelming pragmatic difficulties. Once we have a highly utilized Dyson swarm, then we can reevaluate.