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Can I just point out that every time a gerrymandering article is posted to hacker news, the thread is quickly overwhelmed by people professing various forms of

Can I just point out that every time a gerrymandering article is posted to hacker news, the thread is quickly overwhelmed by people professing various forms of proportional representation? This is striking me as becoming close to Wolfram Derangement Syndrome, and I think it's bad for the quality of discourse on this subject. Just to sketch out the brief reasons why, let's first accept that the gerrymandering conversation is about the United States. As such, we have to accept the reality of the United States Constitution. Finally, most arguments about gerrymandering are focused more on federal districts, as in the districts that make up the House of Representatives. Given all that, talking about proportional representation is a complete waste of time, and it gets in the way of having constructive conversation about this subject. It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation. It will not happen. Arguments about how it should happen are completely irrelevant to the gerrymandering subject, and counterproductive. For people that know this, arguments about proportional representation are not all that different than hijacking threads and trolling - the only difference being the high likelihood that people are not educated enough civically to understand that proportional representation is impossible on the Federal level. Every time I see a thread here I really do look forward to reading thoughts that are actually about gerrymandering and solving gerrymandering - I would like to see more focus on those subjects rather than the completely unrelated subject of proportional representation. One caveat - many people don't realize this, but some state constitutions DO theoretically allow proportional representation for STATE governments. That's worth exploring.

Fej 10y ago
It is not strictly impossible to abolish the House of Representatives. We have the amendment process. Incredibly unlikely, yes. If you weren't exaggerating, I would legitimately love to hear your logic, it sounds quite interesting to me. The reason people love to talk about proportional representation is because it is a comparatively easy and elegant method to solve the problem. Legislating math is hard. Folks won't understand it. People feel their vote doesn't matter. I say this as someone whose district just became a swing one out of nowhere.
- tunesmith 10y ago
  Then start a thread that is actually about proportional representation, and I promise I won't come in and tell everyone that what we really need is a better gerrymandering algorithm.
- nickbauman 10y ago
  Really important point you make at the end there: Proportional representation has to be made to be understandable to the layman or it will backfire. The electorate has to understand that it's more fair or else they'll reject it. Sometimes the rejection won't be felt for a long time, either. One could say the current political situation is the result of laypeople rejecting the system long ago (39% of the eligible voters didn't vote in 2016).
- stouset 10y ago
  For all intents and purposes it's impossible, especially if you consider exactly who would be ratifying such an amendment anyway. This is the GP's point: it's unproductive to talk about this topic because there is no remotely plausible way for such an event to occur.
BlackFingolfin 10y ago
Thing is, "fixing gerrymandering" sounds a lot like fixing the wrong problem - instead of devising complicated clever plans for fixing it, engineers will feel compelled to adress what they perceive as the "real" underlying problem. Whether doing so is realistic or not is another question, but as a non-american, I can totally relate to this attitude - the whole problem just seems bizarre to me. But don't get me wrong, I am neither judging, nor do I think that "just switch to proportional representation" is realistic for the US without a revolution, or at least some miraculous bipartisan effort.
- dragonwriter 10y ago
  It's quite possible for state legislatures on the US without involvement of the parties-in-government, in states where citizen initiatives are a thing. National reforms are often led by the states.
spott 10y ago
>Given all that, talking about proportional representation is a complete waste of time, and it gets in the way of having constructive conversation about this subject. It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation. I'm curious, what is the Constitutional argument against proportional representation within states? A complete proportional representation system that spans the states is obviously unconstitutional, but I'm not sure that a proportional representation system within states is. Can you expand on this?
- dragonwriter 10y ago
  There is no Constitutional limit. There is, however, a statutory limit (2 USC §2c) [0]. [0] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c
- redtexture 10y ago
  See: The History of Single Member Districts for Congress: Seeking Fair Representation Before Full Representation - by Tory Mast http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526 http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526
arthuredelstein 10y ago
I think nothing in the US Constitution prohibits states from electing their members to the federal House of Representatives by a proportional representation method. For example, California has 53 representatives, and these could be elected not in 53 separate districts, but instead in a single state-wide election. Making this change would require action by a state's legislature, and likely changes to federal law as well, but no federal constitutional amendment is needed. I think it's highly germane to discuss alternative election systems in a discussion on fighting gerrymandering.
- vidarh 10y ago
  If people are concerned about the geographic link that too can be solved. E.g. Norway uses proportionality within regions, and counts votes per party list and then keeps track of how many "wasted" votes each party has. Then a small fixed number of seats are allocated in descending order of remaining wasted votes (each allocation removes an equivalent number of votes from that party-lists pool) from the region where that party had the most wasted votes. There's also a 5% threshold in the national vote to be able to receive seats from that pool. It both gets relatively close to proportional, still makes it possible for very popular independent candidates to get elected directly, and the seats used to even out are also linked to regions. The areas are just a bit larger. Even 2-3 seats per district plus a few seats used to even out representation would give dramatic improvements in proportionality.
- redtexture 10y ago
  Correct, not constitutional, but by federal statute. This was done variously by allowing and disallowing multi member districts, after reapportionment via a decenial census. Multi-member districts were un-regulated in the early 1800s, then disallowed in the 1842 statute, but had a number of states with multi-member districts were in the subsequent election allowed to have their multi-member-district representatives seated. Then allowed again by silence in the statutes in 1850, then disallowed by statute again in 1862, and generally not allowed in subsequent reapportionment statutes through 1911, allowed by absence of regulation in 1929 (via Supreme Court ruling in 1932, Wood v. Broom, that the provisions of each apportionment act affected only the apportionment for which they were written). Then disallowed most recently in 1967 by statute (as part of a civil rights concerns, after the 1965 Voting Rights Act, that southern states might resort to winner-take-all at-large elections to eliminate voting strength of recently-enfranchised blacks in the South). See: The History of Single Member Districts for Congress: Seeking Fair Representation Before Full Representation - by Tory Mast http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526 http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526
dragonwriter 10y ago
> Given all that, talking about proportional representation is a complete waste of time, and it gets in the way of having constructive conversation about this subject. It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation You are confusing "proportional representation" (an outcome which many systems approach) with Party List Proportional (an election method which is designed to achieve proportional representation.) There is no Constitutional barrier to many PR systems (e.g., STV in multimember districts) in the US, though there are some structural limits to the degree of proportionality that could be achieved (you'd still have to apportion by population and have each state as a separate pool.) There are some federal statutory limits mandating single-member districts, but those are much easier to reform than Constitutional barriers. > Every time I see a thread here I really do look forward to reading thoughts that are actually about gerrymandering and solving gerrymandering Distortions of the kind labelled gerrymandering are fundamental to the exclusive use of independent single member districts (and exacerbated if you use plurality or majority-runoff elections in those districts.) This is an inescapable fact. You can't complain that you want to hear solutions to gerrymandering and simultaneously exclude all the things that actually address gerrymandering from the acceptable solution space. Well, you can, but you are making irreconcilably conflicting demands when you do so.
- gydfi 10y ago
  >Distortions of the kind labelled gerrymandering are fundamental to the exclusive use of independent single member districts (and exacerbated if you use plurality or majority-runoff elections in those districts.) Not so much. In Australia we have single member districts but not really gerrymandering because our districts are set by an independent non-political body using an algorithm and some common sense. Look at an electoral map of Australia and you'll see that our electorates are reasonably sensible shapes, they haven't been set up to favour one party over another.
  - rhizome 10y ago
    our districts are set by an independent non-political body Heh, yeah...we used to have those in the US, too. Is there anything in AUS law that prevents infiltration by members more political than the body's charter anticipated?
nostrademons 10y ago
I'm not really a fan of proportional representation and don't really have a dog in this race, but I'll point out something - People have historically underestimated "tail risks" to institutions and social situations that they take for granted. I had an international relations professor once who was in the Situation Room on August 19, 1991; he worked for the Pentagon, and they had just finished their 5-year plan about likely force build-ups and military risks in Eastern Europe. Nobody had envisioned that there would be no Soviet Union, no Eastern Bloc, and no Cold War. It just didn't fit into their possible calculus; the Soviet Union had existed for 69 years, the Cold War for 46, and that was the entire adult lifespan of most of the people in the room. I believe there's a non-negligible chance that within my lifetime, the United States of America will cease to exist. And furthermore, there's a non-negligible chance that the concept of the nation-state as a societal organizing principle may also cease to exist. People forget that the modern nation-state as we think of it - a strong central government with a monopoly on military power, public infrastructure, and a unified ideological worldview - is only about 150 years old. It actually post-dates the U.S. Constitution; many of the individual amendments (eg. the 2nd and the 10th) are remnants of a time where primary power resided within the States, and we literally were the "United States of America", not the "United States of America". If this does come to pass, it's critically important that there be robust academic discussion of alternatives, and particularly alternatives to those aspects of the current system that are most problematic. Otherwise, we risk falling back on systems (eg. corporate feudalism) that provide safety & security but don't even bother to give lip-service to freedom or democracy, which I think would be a huge shame. We would not have an America without the ideas of the Enlightenment, which were largely developed in response to rising contradictions within Europe between the official institutions and the actual economic & social power on the continent.
- deleted 10y ago
  [deleted]
- _jahh 10y ago
  150 years ? Seriously ? A strong democratic state maybe but since the peace of Westphalia in 15xx you had strong states with centralized authorities with the monopoly of power, infrastructure and world view.
grandalf 10y ago
Gerrymandering is considered a bad thing, but one might reasonably ask why we ought to care about geographical subdivisions of voters at all, why not just allow a pure majority vote within a broader administrative unit. This is, incidentally, the argument behind eliminating the Electoral College. But the fascinating thing about the EC is that it's basically a custom "consensus algorithm" that is intended to prevent large disparities between the political power of states with very large vs very small populations. This has the effect of increasing the political power of voters in remote regions, and decreasing the political power of voters in states with large populations. In effect, what we consider "consensus" in the EC system is different than what we'd consider consensus in a purely majority-vote system. Congressional districting is an attempt to do the same thing at the state level... Consensus requires more than just appealing to the largest numerical majority. Interests that correlate with geography get slightly more political power than they would in a purely majority-vote system. As we know from cryptocurrencies, changing the consensus algorithm is a hot topic, and there is always a group of winners and a group of losers. Gerrymandering creates voting blocs that make it more likely that the bloc will elect a candidate that strongly supports the bloc's interests, but it also reduces the impact of the bloc's views on elections held in nearby blocs. How this plays out in any specific scenario is largely the result of historical accident, but I'd offer the argument that allowing states to change the consensus algorithm for their own voters is not necessarily bad for anyone outside of that state. I support the Electoral College because I think that without it, the issues that Americans considered at the national level would be very strongly dominated by the concerns of the most populous urban centers, which would lead to even more fractiousness between urban areas and "flyover" areas. So states that tinker with their own consensus algorithms are potentially helping (but likely hindering) the ability to achieve stable consensus. This is a bad thing, but not something that should be prevented by Federal law. We should let them make their own mistakes and let more enlightened states (if any exist) lead by example.
- aanm1988 10y ago
  > I support the Electoral College because I think that without it, the issues that Americans considered at the national level would be very strongly dominated by the concerns of the most populous urban centers, which would lead to even more fractiousness between urban areas and "flyover" areas. and with it the majority of voters get overridden because of those flyover states. I don't like this argument because you are arguing for exactly the opposite as the better way. Anyway, I still think the easiest way is to remove the cap on the house or raise it a lot. You still get the electoral college benefit you want but the disparity in power isn't so high. I don't really like that though. Personally I think a popular vote would just result in more moderate policies because you need to at least split the cities, and then the rural areas are still valuable to put you over the top.
gydfi 10y ago
To put it in terms people here understand: suppose you have a big legacy code base written in C. It works fine but it's not perfect. And every time a bug comes up, there's a bunch of guys who say "hey, let's just rewrite the whole thing in Scala!" No, we're not rewriting the whole code base on a production system just because you think Scala is neat. The existing code is fundamentally fine, let's focus on this problem today.
- iainmerrick 10y ago
  But what if the existing code is terrible? (I still agree that "rewrite in Scala!" is a bad answer, but some kind of extensive refactoring or rewrite may be called for.)
Florin_Andrei 10y ago
> It is constitutionally impossible It is merely a piece of paper, containing stuff that was the pinnacle of political thought centuries ago. It is not the will of god almighty. It is merely the operating system of this country's laws, and we upgrade OSs all the time - when they're too old, start glitching, and crash your apps all day long. Stop worshiping a piece of paper with some old words on it.
EGreg 10y ago
Instead why not introduce Approval Vote ballots in every congressional district? BOOM solves most of the major problems. It can be done on a local level and in each such district you will see people hate each other less, third parties get a real chance etc. Google APPROVAL VOTE.
aanm1988 10y ago
> It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation the constitution dictates how representatives are apportioned and sets out the rules for how election laws are handled. The districting rules are not in the constitution. So why would it require an amendment? You wouldn't dissolve the house, you would just change the apportionment as needed (people/rep) and pass the appropriate laws.
anigbrowl 10y ago
It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation. There are multiple kinds of proportional representation. You're focusing on one kind called a party list system, but it's perfectly possible to have PR within a constituency with a transferable vote.

Fej 10y ago

It is not strictly impossible to abolish the House of Representatives. We have the amendment process. Incredibly unlikely, yes. If you weren't exaggerating, I would legitimately love to hear your logic, it sounds quite interesting to me. The reason people love to talk about proportional representation is because it is a comparatively easy and elegant method to solve the problem. Legislating math is hard. Folks won't understand it. People feel their vote doesn't matter. I say this as someone whose district just became a swing one out of nowhere.

tunesmith 10y ago
Then start a thread that is actually about proportional representation, and I promise I won't come in and tell everyone that what we really need is a better gerrymandering algorithm.
nickbauman 10y ago
Really important point you make at the end there: Proportional representation has to be made to be understandable to the layman or it will backfire. The electorate has to understand that it's more fair or else they'll reject it. Sometimes the rejection won't be felt for a long time, either. One could say the current political situation is the result of laypeople rejecting the system long ago (39% of the eligible voters didn't vote in 2016).
stouset 10y ago
For all intents and purposes it's impossible, especially if you consider exactly who would be ratifying such an amendment anyway. This is the GP's point: it's unproductive to talk about this topic because there is no remotely plausible way for such an event to occur.

BlackFingolfin 10y ago

Thing is, "fixing gerrymandering" sounds a lot like fixing the wrong problem - instead of devising complicated clever plans for fixing it, engineers will feel compelled to adress what they perceive as the "real" underlying problem. Whether doing so is realistic or not is another question, but as a non-american, I can totally relate to this attitude - the whole problem just seems bizarre to me. But don't get me wrong, I am neither judging, nor do I think that "just switch to proportional representation" is realistic for the US without a revolution, or at least some miraculous bipartisan effort.

dragonwriter 10y ago
It's quite possible for state legislatures on the US without involvement of the parties-in-government, in states where citizen initiatives are a thing. National reforms are often led by the states.

spott 10y ago

dragonwriter 10y ago
There is no Constitutional limit. There is, however, a statutory limit (2 USC §2c) [0]. [0] https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c
redtexture 10y ago
See: The History of Single Member Districts for Congress: Seeking Fair Representation Before Full Representation - by Tory Mast http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526 http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526

arthuredelstein 10y ago

I think nothing in the US Constitution prohibits states from electing their members to the federal House of Representatives by a proportional representation method. For example, California has 53 representatives, and these could be elected not in 53 separate districts, but instead in a single state-wide election. Making this change would require action by a state's legislature, and likely changes to federal law as well, but no federal constitutional amendment is needed. I think it's highly germane to discuss alternative election systems in a discussion on fighting gerrymandering.

vidarh 10y ago
If people are concerned about the geographic link that too can be solved. E.g. Norway uses proportionality within regions, and counts votes per party list and then keeps track of how many "wasted" votes each party has. Then a small fixed number of seats are allocated in descending order of remaining wasted votes (each allocation removes an equivalent number of votes from that party-lists pool) from the region where that party had the most wasted votes. There's also a 5% threshold in the national vote to be able to receive seats from that pool. It both gets relatively close to proportional, still makes it possible for very popular independent candidates to get elected directly, and the seats used to even out are also linked to regions. The areas are just a bit larger. Even 2-3 seats per district plus a few seats used to even out representation would give dramatic improvements in proportionality.
redtexture 10y ago
Correct, not constitutional, but by federal statute. This was done variously by allowing and disallowing multi member districts, after reapportionment via a decenial census. Multi-member districts were un-regulated in the early 1800s, then disallowed in the 1842 statute, but had a number of states with multi-member districts were in the subsequent election allowed to have their multi-member-district representatives seated. Then allowed again by silence in the statutes in 1850, then disallowed by statute again in 1862, and generally not allowed in subsequent reapportionment statutes through 1911, allowed by absence of regulation in 1929 (via Supreme Court ruling in 1932, Wood v. Broom, that the provisions of each apportionment act affected only the apportionment for which they were written). Then disallowed most recently in 1967 by statute (as part of a civil rights concerns, after the 1965 Voting Rights Act, that southern states might resort to winner-take-all at-large elections to eliminate voting strength of recently-enfranchised blacks in the South). See: The History of Single Member Districts for Congress: Seeking Fair Representation Before Full Representation - by Tory Mast http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526 http://archive.fairvote.org/?page=526

dragonwriter 10y ago

> Given all that, talking about proportional representation is a complete waste of time, and it gets in the way of having constructive conversation about this subject. It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation You are confusing "proportional representation" (an outcome which many systems approach) with Party List Proportional (an election method which is designed to achieve proportional representation.) There is no Constitutional barrier to many PR systems (e.g., STV in multimember districts) in the US, though there are some structural limits to the degree of proportionality that could be achieved (you'd still have to apportion by population and have each state as a separate pool.) There are some federal statutory limits mandating single-member districts, but those are much easier to reform than Constitutional barriers. > Every time I see a thread here I really do look forward to reading thoughts that are actually about gerrymandering and solving gerrymandering Distortions of the kind labelled gerrymandering are fundamental to the exclusive use of independent single member districts (and exacerbated if you use plurality or majority-runoff elections in those districts.) This is an inescapable fact. You can't complain that you want to hear solutions to gerrymandering and simultaneously exclude all the things that actually address gerrymandering from the acceptable solution space. Well, you can, but you are making irreconcilably conflicting demands when you do so.

gydfi 10y ago
>Distortions of the kind labelled gerrymandering are fundamental to the exclusive use of independent single member districts (and exacerbated if you use plurality or majority-runoff elections in those districts.) Not so much. In Australia we have single member districts but not really gerrymandering because our districts are set by an independent non-political body using an algorithm and some common sense. Look at an electoral map of Australia and you'll see that our electorates are reasonably sensible shapes, they haven't been set up to favour one party over another.
- rhizome 10y ago
  our districts are set by an independent non-political body Heh, yeah...we used to have those in the US, too. Is there anything in AUS law that prevents infiltration by members more political than the body's charter anticipated?

nostrademons 10y ago

I'm not really a fan of proportional representation and don't really have a dog in this race, but I'll point out something - People have historically underestimated "tail risks" to institutions and social situations that they take for granted. I had an international relations professor once who was in the Situation Room on August 19, 1991; he worked for the Pentagon, and they had just finished their 5-year plan about likely force build-ups and military risks in Eastern Europe. Nobody had envisioned that there would be no Soviet Union, no Eastern Bloc, and no Cold War. It just didn't fit into their possible calculus; the Soviet Union had existed for 69 years, the Cold War for 46, and that was the entire adult lifespan of most of the people in the room. I believe there's a non-negligible chance that within my lifetime, the United States of America will cease to exist. And furthermore, there's a non-negligible chance that the concept of the nation-state as a societal organizing principle may also cease to exist. People forget that the modern nation-state as we think of it - a strong central government with a monopoly on military power, public infrastructure, and a unified ideological worldview - is only about 150 years old. It actually post-dates the U.S. Constitution; many of the individual amendments (eg. the 2nd and the 10th) are remnants of a time where primary power resided within the States, and we literally were the "United States of America", not the "United States of America". If this does come to pass, it's critically important that there be robust academic discussion of alternatives, and particularly alternatives to those aspects of the current system that are most problematic. Otherwise, we risk falling back on systems (eg. corporate feudalism) that provide safety & security but don't even bother to give lip-service to freedom or democracy, which I think would be a huge shame. We would not have an America without the ideas of the Enlightenment, which were largely developed in response to rising contradictions within Europe between the official institutions and the actual economic & social power on the continent.

deleted 10y ago
[deleted]
_jahh 10y ago
150 years ? Seriously ? A strong democratic state maybe but since the peace of Westphalia in 15xx you had strong states with centralized authorities with the monopoly of power, infrastructure and world view.

grandalf 10y ago

Gerrymandering is considered a bad thing, but one might reasonably ask why we ought to care about geographical subdivisions of voters at all, why not just allow a pure majority vote within a broader administrative unit. This is, incidentally, the argument behind eliminating the Electoral College. But the fascinating thing about the EC is that it's basically a custom "consensus algorithm" that is intended to prevent large disparities between the political power of states with very large vs very small populations. This has the effect of increasing the political power of voters in remote regions, and decreasing the political power of voters in states with large populations. In effect, what we consider "consensus" in the EC system is different than what we'd consider consensus in a purely majority-vote system. Congressional districting is an attempt to do the same thing at the state level... Consensus requires more than just appealing to the largest numerical majority. Interests that correlate with geography get slightly more political power than they would in a purely majority-vote system. As we know from cryptocurrencies, changing the consensus algorithm is a hot topic, and there is always a group of winners and a group of losers. Gerrymandering creates voting blocs that make it more likely that the bloc will elect a candidate that strongly supports the bloc's interests, but it also reduces the impact of the bloc's views on elections held in nearby blocs. How this plays out in any specific scenario is largely the result of historical accident, but I'd offer the argument that allowing states to change the consensus algorithm for their own voters is not necessarily bad for anyone outside of that state. I support the Electoral College because I think that without it, the issues that Americans considered at the national level would be very strongly dominated by the concerns of the most populous urban centers, which would lead to even more fractiousness between urban areas and "flyover" areas. So states that tinker with their own consensus algorithms are potentially helping (but likely hindering) the ability to achieve stable consensus. This is a bad thing, but not something that should be prevented by Federal law. We should let them make their own mistakes and let more enlightened states (if any exist) lead by example.

aanm1988 10y ago
> I support the Electoral College because I think that without it, the issues that Americans considered at the national level would be very strongly dominated by the concerns of the most populous urban centers, which would lead to even more fractiousness between urban areas and "flyover" areas. and with it the majority of voters get overridden because of those flyover states. I don't like this argument because you are arguing for exactly the opposite as the better way. Anyway, I still think the easiest way is to remove the cap on the house or raise it a lot. You still get the electoral college benefit you want but the disparity in power isn't so high. I don't really like that though. Personally I think a popular vote would just result in more moderate policies because you need to at least split the cities, and then the rural areas are still valuable to put you over the top.

gydfi 10y ago

To put it in terms people here understand: suppose you have a big legacy code base written in C. It works fine but it's not perfect. And every time a bug comes up, there's a bunch of guys who say "hey, let's just rewrite the whole thing in Scala!" No, we're not rewriting the whole code base on a production system just because you think Scala is neat. The existing code is fundamentally fine, let's focus on this problem today.

iainmerrick 10y ago
But what if the existing code is terrible? (I still agree that "rewrite in Scala!" is a bad answer, but some kind of extensive refactoring or rewrite may be called for.)

Florin_Andrei 10y ago

> It is constitutionally impossible It is merely a piece of paper, containing stuff that was the pinnacle of political thought centuries ago. It is not the will of god almighty. It is merely the operating system of this country's laws, and we upgrade OSs all the time - when they're too old, start glitching, and crash your apps all day long. Stop worshiping a piece of paper with some old words on it.

EGreg 10y ago

Instead why not introduce Approval Vote ballots in every congressional district? BOOM solves most of the major problems. It can be done on a local level and in each such district you will see people hate each other less, third parties get a real chance etc. Google APPROVAL VOTE.

aanm1988 10y ago

> It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation the constitution dictates how representatives are apportioned and sets out the rules for how election laws are handled. The districting rules are not in the constitution. So why would it require an amendment? You wouldn't dissolve the house, you would just change the apportionment as needed (people/rep) and pass the appropriate laws.

anigbrowl 10y ago

It is constitutionally impossible to disband the House of Representatives and switch to proportional representation. There are multiple kinds of proportional representation. You're focusing on one kind called a party list system, but it's perfectly possible to have PR within a constituency with a transferable vote.