> So you're saying there is already ... data for ... men? I have no idea what current pollution research is for men, I just know there is a general gap in medi

> So you're saying there is already ... data for ... men? I have no idea what current pollution research is for men, I just know there is a general gap in medical research, so I am fine with it being filled with whatever studies might fill it. By a similar token we ought to issue a large block of Grammys only to black artists for a while, because there is a backlog of unrecognized work. It's not that white people can't make good music, or that they never have. It's just that we've been cranking out white music awards for so long, if we started from the top of the Best Unrecognized Artists list it'd be a long time before we got to a white name. > By extension then... we should get revenge on the male sex... Surely not that. You are correct, it has nothing to do with revenge. Also I'd suggest you be more careful with these "by extension then..." type arguments. If I wanted to extend beyond the words I said, I would have. > So, what data from the present validates performing initial studies only on one sex Well, here's a study that showed only 16% of participants in statins trials are women: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16181564/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16181564/ > particularly when the modern rhetoric supports the absolute biological equality of men and women I am not aware of any research to that effect. Perhaps you are thinking of the fact that all studies purporting a connection between biological sex differences and gendered behavior have been discredited due to methodological errors. That's because it is impossible to create an ethical study that separates the effects of gendered socialization from the effects of biological sex. That doesn't mean there are no sex differences. It doesn't even mean sex differences don't influence behavioral. It just means we don't currently know how to do science which can separate the biological causes from the sociological ones.