I agree that medical research is broken in many ways. A steady stream of 'outsiders' set out to shake it up, from hedge fund billionaires that discover their ki

I agree that medical research is broken in many ways. A steady stream of 'outsiders' set out to shake it up, from hedge fund billionaires that discover their kid has an incurable disease to google's calico grabbing some of the most renown industry leadership. I continue to pray for rain, but the advances from such initiatives have been incremental if any, rather than revolutionary. I would say the most impactful model to date has been the Howard Hughes Medical Institure, is focused on fundamental science discovery---where the bulk of the uncertainty lies in drug development. I am glad to hear of MZ/PC generosity and focus on helping others. Some might take the same money and build the worlds ugliest sailboat, or endow a business school and it would be their right. All that said, from a biotech start up biotech perspective, $3B a ton of cash. From a Pharma R&D budget, it's significant but it just ain't that much. How they will use it will matter if we are to remember this in 15 years (which is only 1-2 product life cycles for biopharma currently.)