11 ms·

How to Raise Brilliant Children

101 points by Qworg 10y ago

marrcena 10y ago
It is about education, not school one, but the one at home. Children will be affected by parents to large extent. If parents can provide good quality pre-school education, their children will be more intellectual in the future. And toys are the most popular tools to educate little ones: http://www.crazysales.com.au/baby-kids-toys/ http://www.crazysales.com.au/baby-kids-toys/ Toys can encourage children to explore the unknown world and have fun in the process.
microcolonel 10y ago
Step one: have genes correlated with the type of success you're looking for. As far as I'm aware, you have a margin of 10-20% worth of difference you might be able to make once the kid is born.
- Joof 10y ago
  Step two: create experiences that allow people to become successful.
  - microcolonel 10y ago
    There's a huge difference between brilliance and success, however. Brilliant people often have tragic flaws, which render them ultimate failures; and make them fabulously unhappy.
    - Joof 10y ago
      While you are correct, everyone has flaws at a similar rate (although I think shortsightedness is related to IQ for whatever reason); the brilliant people are just able to compensate better. I think the tragedy is that people recognize their potential (especially as children) and expect them to perform as if they had none (especially if they develop flaws later in life or are inconsistent and excel in only some circumstances.)
    - astazangasta 10y ago
      Non-brilliant people also have those flaws. It's called being human. Nevertheless, brilliant people can and do find success and happiness. This isn't a Homeric myth!
- forkandwait 10y ago
  Do you have a citation?
  - microcolonel 10y ago
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability_of_IQ#Estimates_of_the_heritability_of_IQ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability_of_IQ#Estimates_o... There are three citations attached to the first sentence in this paragraph. Also take a look at the caveats section there though. It's technically possible that we're doing something which we could stop doing and vastly improve IQ; however once that became standard, the inheritance correlation would be higher, not lower. Measuring the heritability of IQ-type intelligence is inherently difficult; but outside of sociology departments, there is effective consensus that the correlation is at least half. Also, I would conjecture that there's a publication bias in favour of finding that nurture tops nature; because it is what people want to be true. This is a special concern in publications from after rightfully-unpopular negative eugenics programmes.
    - tokenadult 10y ago
      That Wikipedia article is appallingly badly edited, and badly in need of an update. The updating has been made difficult by a concerted campaign by ideologues to keep that article full of dreck. (Basis of knowledge: I am a Wikipedian, and I am a researcher on that topic.)
      - aurelianito 10y ago
        Can you point us to a good survey on the subject?
        tokenadult 10y ago
        Turkheimer, E. (2008, Spring). A better way to use twins for developmental research. LIFE Newsletter, 2, 1-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Turkheimer%20(2008).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "But back to the question: What does heritability mean? Almost everyone who has ever thought about heritability has reached a commonsense intuition about it: One way or another, heritability has to be some kind of index of how genetic a trait is. That intuition explains why so many thousands of heritability coefficients have been calculated over the years. . . . "Unfortunately, that fundamental intuition is wrong. Heritability isn't an index of how genetic a trait is. A great deal of time has been wasted in the effort of measuring the heritability of traits in the false expectation that somehow the genetic nature of psychological phenomena would be revealed. There are many reasons for making this strong statement, but the most important of them harkens back to the description of heritability as an effect size. An effect size of the R2 family is a standardized estimate of the proportion of the variance in one variable that is reduced when another variable is held constant statistically. In this case it is an estimate of how much the variance of a trait would be reduced if everyone were genetically identical. With a moment's thought you can see that the answer to the question of how much variance would be reduced if everyone was genetically identical depends crucially on how genetically different everyone was in the first place." Johnson, Wendy; Turkheimer, Eric; Gottesman, Irving I.; Bouchard Jr., Thomas (2009). Beyond Heritability: Twin Studies in Behavioral Research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 4, 217-220 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Johnson%20(2009).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "Moreover, even highly heritable traits can be strongly manipulated by the environment, so heritability has little if anything to do with controllability. For example, height is on the order of 90% heritable, yet North and South Koreans, who come from the same genetic background, presently differ in average height by a full 6 inches (Pak, 2004; Schwekendiek, 2008)." Deary, I. J., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2010). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(3), 201-211. http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Deary_Penke_Johnson_2010_-_Neuroscience_of_intelligence_review.pdf http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Deary_Penke_Johnson_2010_-_Neur... "At this point, it seems unlikely that single genetic loci have major effects on normal-range intelligence. For example, a modestly sized genome-wide study of the general intelligence factor derived from ten separate test scores in the cAnTAB cognitive test battery did not find any important genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variants, and did not replicate genetic variants that had previously been associated with cognitive ability[note 48]." Johnson, W. (2010). Understanding the Genetics of Intelligence: Can Height Help? Can Corn Oil?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 177-182 http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Johnson%20Current%20Directions%20Psych%20Science%202010%20(G%20and%20E%20in%20IQ).pdf http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/... "Together, however, the developmental natures of GCA [general cognitive ability] and height, the likely influences of gene-environment correlations and interactions on their developmental processes, and the potential for genetic background and environmental circumstances to release previously unexpressed genetic variation suggest that very different combinations of genes may produce identical IQs or heights or levels of any other psychological trait. And the same genes may produce very different IQs and heights against different genetic backgrounds and in different environmental circumstances. This would be especially the case if height and GCA and other psychological traits are only single facets of multifaceted traits actually under more systematic genetic regulation, such as overall body size and balance between processing capacity and stimulus reactivity. Genetic influences on individual differences in psychological characteristics are real and important but are unlikely to be straightforward and deterministic." Johnson, W., Penke, L., & Spinath, F. M. (2011). Understanding Heritability: What it is and What it is Not. European Journal of Personality, 25(4), 287-294. DOI: 10.1002/per.835 http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Johnson_Penke_Spinath_2011_-_Heritability_rejoinder.pdf http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Johnson_Penke_Spinath_2011_-_He... "Our target article was intended to provide background knowledge to psychologists and other social scientists on the subject of heritability. This statistic, in many ways so basic, is both extremely powerful in revealing the presence of genetic inﬂuence and very weak in providing much information beyond this. Many forms of measurement error, statistical artefact, violation of underlying assumptions, gene–environment interplay, epigenetic mechanisms and no doubt processes we have not yet even identiﬁed can contribute to the magnitudes of heritability estimates. If psychologists and other social scientists want to understand genetic involvement in behavioural traits, we believe that it is going to be necessary to distinguish among these possibilities to at least some degree. Heritability estimates alone are not going to help us do this." Turkheimer, E. (2011). Genetics and human agency (Commentary on Dar-Nimrod & Heine, 2011). Psychological Bulletin, 137, 825-828. DOI: 10.1037/a0024306 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Turkheimer_darnimrod%20comm%20(2011).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "That heritability depends on the population in which it is measured is one of the most frequently repeated caveats in the social sciences, but it is nevertheless often forgotten in the breach. (For example, it is nearly meaningless for Dar-Nimrod and Heine to note that 'heritability [of intelligence is] typically estimated to range from .50 to .85' [p. 805]. The heritability of intelligence isn’t anything, and even placing it in a range is misleading. Making a numerical point estimate of the heritability of intelligence is akin to saying, 'Social psychologists usually estimate the F ratio for the fundamental attribution error to be between 2.0 and 4.0.') The observation that genotypic variation accounts for 90% of the variation in height in the modern world depends on the variability of genotype and environment relevant to height. Among cloned animals with widely varying diets, body size is perfectly environmental with heritability of 0; in genetically variable animals raised in identical environments heritability is 1.0. This is no mere statistical fine point: it means that the entire project of assessing how essentially genetic traits are in terms of measured heritability coefficients is a fool’s errand." Chabris, C. F., Hebert, B. M., Benjamin, D. J., Beauchamp, J., Cesarini, D., van der Loos, M., ... & Laibson, D. (2012). Most reported genetic associations with general intelligence are probably false positives. Psychological science, 23(11), 1314-1323. DOI: 10.1177/0956797611435528 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498585/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498585/ http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9938142/Most_Reported_Genetic.pdf?sequence=1 http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9938142/Most_Repo... "At the time most of the results we attempted to replicate were obtained, candidate-gene studies of complex traits were commonplace in medical genetics research. Such studies are now rarely published in leading journals. Our results add IQ to the list of phenotypes that must be approached with great caution when considering published molecular genetic associations. In our view, excitement over the value of behavioral and molecular genetic studies in the social sciences should be tempered—as it has been in the medical sciences—by an appreciation that, for complex phenotypes, individual common genetic variants of the sort assayed by SNP microarrays are likely to have very small effects. Associations of candidate genes with psychological traits and other traits studied in the social sciences should be viewed as tentative until they have been replicated in multiple large samples. Doing otherwise may hamper scientific progress by proliferating potentially false results, which may then influence the research agendas of scientists who do not appreciate that the associations they take as a starting point for their efforts may not be real. And the dissemination of false results to the public risks creating an incorrect perception about the state of knowledge in the field, especially the existence of genes described as being 'for' traits on the basis of unintentionally inflated estimates of effect size and statistical significance."
- Aelinsaar 10y ago
  Step 1: Have brilliant children. Step 2: Don't ruin them, do a bunch of other stuff. Step 3: Assume that some of that other stuff is the 'active ingredient' in your brilliant child.
- brc 10y ago
  I would say it is less than that. Leaving aside heritability, the environment in which the child will grow up is more or less set in concrete by the time they are born. This includes the parents socio-economic level, but more importantly to that, their attitudes towards relationships, learning, critical thought, reading, victim vs control personality and plenty more. A house without books doesn't fill with books when the child arrives. Pretty much by the time the first cry is made, a huge chunk of their future is already written. The margin is small, but, having said that, small changes at the margin can make a big difference in individuals.
  - turnip1979 10y ago
    The margin is larger IMHO. I'm a professional scientist and I have no one remotely resembling an academic in my extended family. Now I'm not a textbook example of success but I've read about many other scientists in similar boats: Feynman and Tesla both come to mind. Feynman had an electronics hobby as a kid. Tesla's father was fairly set against him becoming an engineer. I know some people with amazing private school education flounder because of it. They saw crazy competition early in life and it seems decided to settle. I had very little competition in my early years. Being the smartest kid in your undergrad makes you feel really good, and motivates you to do better. Where I really needed guidance is going from the sheltered world to reality (early 20s .. when I entered the workforce and subsequently made the decision to get a PhD). What I want to try to do is teach my kid to have her own hobbies and be generally happy in life.
    - brc 10y ago
      That might be your specific interests but I'd wager you didn't come from a family with anyone in jail, your parents sent you to school and stressed its importance, and were well read for their education level. Of course outliers exist and some very successful people come from very dysfunctional families. But if you look at enough people, they come out in temperament and attitude very similar to their family. The really surprising thing is how often one family will produce two top level musicians or sports players.
    - mcphage 10y ago
moyix 10y ago
Another (lengthy!) take on the same topic by Scott Alexander: http://squid314.livejournal.com/346391.html http://squid314.livejournal.com/346391.html
panic 10y ago
"What we do with little kids today will matter in 20 years," she says. "If you don't get it right, you will have an unlivable environment. That's the crisis I see." This is something people don't talk about enough. Kids are literally the future of humanity. If we want to improve our society, we should put more focus on helping parents raise their children and on helping teachers educate them.
- minipci1321 10y ago
  I have some difficulty assimilating what you said. All went well till "if we want to improve our society" -- I expected to see something like "we should put much more effort into being good parents", but you didn't say that. Then I told myself that the explanation is that you have probably already raised yours. But such a person would have known that nobody can help parents to raise good kids "despite" themselves. I believe nowadays this is what teachers say when the society blames them on flaws of modern education?
- kazinator 10y ago
  On the other hand, a lot of the improvements we see in the world are the result of new generations criticizing and rejecting the ways of their predecessors, on their own. The best thing you can teach a kid is "don't copy me; half of what I think and do is probably wrong".
  - astazangasta 10y ago
    I've rejected a lot of my parents' received dogma; but I think this is largely because my parents also taught me to think critically, by encouraging my curiosity in precisely the way described here: when your child's questions go deep, go with them. Help them see that the answers are available if they are careful and learn to look for them.
- ekianjo 10y ago
  > This is something people don't talk about enough. Kids are literally the future of humanity. If we want to improve our society, we should put more focus on helping parents raise their children and on helping teachers educate them. False or at least not sufficient, the future of humanity is also what we do NOW. Since our actions will have a direct impact on the environment they live in. Focusing on kids only is a false dichotomy.
dbcooper 10y ago
There isn't a single example of data raised in that article. I really don't see any value in pop-psychology articles like this.
- deleted 10y ago
  [deleted]
- gnahckire 10y ago
  It's a Q&A article with the authors of the book. They seem well credentialed. I suggest you read the book (I haven't).
- astazangasta 10y ago
  Don't be so data-obsessed; if "data" means you're trapped in the narrow paradigm of things quantifiable and parameterizable, you'll miss all manner of things that are irreducible to numbers.
  - Retra 10y ago
    Nobody is missing those things, they are just not so actionable.
    - astazangasta 10y ago
      Yes they are? Why can't you act on non-numerical criterion? How did you respond to this comment?
      - Retra 10y ago
        "Numerical criterion" are only one representation of useful data. It doesn't matter if you do it numerically or not. The data still needs to be presented, and that presentation should highlight the reliability and applicability of the conclusions.
      - hueving 10y ago
        If something isn't backed by data or logical conclusions based on data, it's not science. It's just someone making crap up.
artpepper 10y ago
> The first, basic, most core is collaboration. I spent a huge amount of time as a kid reading and drawing and writing and just day-dreaming by myself. Probably not good training for the modern workplace with "open office" plans and whatnot, but it seemed pretty good at the time.
- acconrad 10y ago
  This makes me wonder if you actually read the whole article. Reading and writing were the second component of that system, so those activities you participated in were also crucial. But more importantly, they were not at the expense of collaboration. The author isn't saying alone time and contemplation aren't central towards bright minds. The author is saying that collaboration is a critical component to a largely social creature. It's not about forcing interactions, but about learning how to handle those numerous interactions with other people. Children spend all day with others at school and with their family, so it's good to focus on how they can work together with others so that they may develop better both socially and intellectually.
  - artpepper 10y ago
    Collaboration is important -- especially in their expansive definition of "collaboration", which includes "getting along with others" and not kicking people. But why is collaboration THE core, such that "Everything we do, in the classroom or at home, has to be built on that foundation." ... I could argue that good collaboration is built on a solid foundation of being able to think and act for yourself.
- hkmurakami 10y ago
  Same. I also hated "group work" that forced everyone to give input on every decision. To this day I prefer "divide and conquer" style "collaboration" (if you can call it that), though I admit that brainstorming and debates are powerful if used judiciously (which leads me to believe that schools tended make group work out of work that shouldn't have been assigned to groups)
  - 10y ago
mrmffh 10y ago
The most important thing, in my opinion, is peaceful parenting. That is, no hitting and no shouting - teach your kids to reason, even if they're being unreasonable.
- farnsworth 10y ago
  Easy to say...
  - majurg 10y ago
    Easy to do, if you're rational that is
    - ux-app 10y ago
      err... I don't know about easy, I'd go with hard, but doable
    - infinite8s 10y ago
      And have the privilege of not suffering from other life stresses...
      - r0s 10y ago
        Such as parenthood?
        infinite8s 10y ago
        No, I meant stresses other than parenthood. When you have to work 2 jobs, have to decide whether to use your paycheck to pay overdue bills or buy groceries, and never get enough sleep, it's quite difficult to remain rational while your child is acting irrationally. The stresses of parenthood (never enough sleep, worrying if you are doing the right thing) just exacerbates those. After all, we aren't robots. Emotional state is a tough thing to override.
    - amalcon 10y ago
plandis 10y ago
One question I've always had is if psychology has some studies that seemingly always hold true when it comes to education. For example, collaboration might be a good thing now but is that universally true and we just realized this idea? Or, is collaboration only a good thing due to upbringing and society? Do those "C"'s apply to every culture or is it more of a Western ideal?
tokenadult 10y ago
This article, an interview with the two authors of a new book, is interesting. But a lot of us, besides being parents (as I am), are fully grown adults wondering how to develop our minds. An eminent researcher on human intelligence, James R. Flynn, wrote a book on that topic called How To Improve Your Mind: 20 Keys to Unlock the Modern World[1] that is well worth reading. Many people, whatever their level of IQ, can become better thinkers by developing better "mindware" (approaches to thinking about problems), as quite a few books about human intelligence by experienced researchers have noted. [1] https://www.amazon.com/How-Improve-Your-Mind-Unlock-ebook/dp/B0096IPJSU/ https://www.amazon.com/How-Improve-Your-Mind-Unlock-ebook/dp...
swalsh 10y ago
My son is 15 months old, I've been preparing for the endless why's phase since he was born. I'm psyched to see how far we can go before we have to start googling.
- mcphage 10y ago
  Ah, see, I get what you're thinking. But they're craftier than that. "Why" gets a response, so they'll use "why" all the time—even for questions that aren't really "why?". Or they'll ask why again for the same question, repeatedly. Or sometimes, they'll just ask "Why?" about nothing in particular.
  - AnkhMorporkian 10y ago
    God that sounds tremendously annoying. We should just stop having kids. Future generations will thank us!
    - mcphage 10y ago
      Oh, it absolutely can be. But sometimes, it's amazing.
  - mturmon 10y ago
    My kid had that problem. I asked her to phrase her "why" questions as complete sentences ("why is the sky blue?"), which helped a lot to get her to actually engage mentally.
- blakesterz 10y ago
  Like all things parenting, Louis C.K. has that one answered perfectly: "Why?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2ZsoYWwJA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2ZsoYWwJA
jpeg_hero 10y ago
I wouldn't want to wish the curse of ambition on anybody ;)
dmd 10y ago
> "Oh! That's a school. Kids are still sitting in rows, still listening to the font of wisdom at the front of the classroom." Most K12 schools haven't been like that for 30 years now.
- csorrell 10y ago
  I'm curious now to hear where you're from?
  - dmd 10y ago
    I went to K12 on Long Island, NY (Nassau County) (born 1978).
    - EvanAnderson 10y ago
      My wife and I were born in 1977, attended K-12 in rural and semi-rural Districts in OH, US. Our schools were most certainly as the article describes. I do some contract work for a K-12 District today and it's much the same.
  - deleted 10y ago
    [deleted]
votr 10y ago
There's a section in The Originals (McKay) citing a study where children who were given reasons why something was right or wrong grew up to be more creative and assertive in standing by their principles.
jknoepfler 10y ago
Content titled "according to science" is inappropriate click-bait, and should not get an audience. The phrase is vacuous (there is no agent called "Science," it would make as much sense as "according to Democracy"), misleading (if we replaced the term "Science" with "a majority of specialists in <relevant discipline>" the phrase changes from vacuous to almost certainly false), and disingenuous (knowing this, a journalist/user posted it anyway).
- mathattack 10y ago
  Yes - like most childcare advice, it would more accurately read "according to someone with something to tell that has a degree with science in the name, no matter how dubious the institution." But who would click on it if there was truth in advertising? Not you or me. :-)
- dang 10y ago
  It's just a vapid meme, which hopefully will eventually die off. We took it out of the title above.
ekianjo 10y ago
> It's the 10,000-hour rule: You need to know something well enough to make something new. Again that myth is coming back? Who believes in that fake 10000 hour rule ? There's nothing tangible that demonstrates that this rule is true in practice. The book where it comes from is also focusing on outliers, so that does not make that rule stick in any way since it's derived only from exceptions, i.e. clear survivor bias.
hannibalhorn 10y ago
I was intrigued by the "why are traffic lights red, yellow, and green?" question at the start .. and then the article didn't actually give an answer! Decent overview of the origin here: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/03/the-origin-of-the-green-yellow-and-red-color-scheme-for-traffic-lights/ http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/03/the-origin-o... Most interesting, they originally used white for "go", but ran into big problems when the red colored lens fell out by mishap!
- a_bonobo 10y ago
  Perhaps off-topic but there's one fun thing about "green" in traffic lights - in Japanese, "ao" is blue and green together, so most Japanese natives speaking English will shout "blue!" when the traffic light switches to "green". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_(color) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_(color)
dahart 10y ago
> "Why are traffic lights red, yellow and green?" > When a child asks you a question like this, you have a few options. You can shut her down with a "Just because." You can explain: "Red is for stop and green is for go." Or, you can turn the question back to her and help her figure out the answer with plenty of encouragement. My wife and I were just talking about this idea at dinner. There's this really deeply held belief that you have to struggle with something in order to learn it and value it. It shows up everywhere in our society. From the title, I was hoping this article had some data either for or against, because I'm interested. It reminds me of some of the new thinking going on like the basic income project YC is running - maybe struggling is only valuable sometimes, maybe sometimes it's harmful and only slows progress. One thing we've noticed with our kids is that they learn some things faster if we give them the answer without making them struggle or stop to do "constructive thinking" or whatever. This has made me start thinking about how animals learn things by example. We don't withhold the right way to say things from babies, we just show them and tell them, repeatedly. We tried to use allowance to get them to value and budget their money and earn their keep with chores. It was a constant battle. We switched to allowance comes with no strings, and they can spend their own money on whatever they want. Chores are simply an unassociated responsibility that can't be questioned, and it's like night and day - they do extra chores to win approval, and they're saving up for months for games and game consoles they want. This stoplight parable is an unfortunate example of an arbitrary human system, they could have used something from the natural world instead. Making a kid stop to just guess at the answer is, I'm sure, about as fun as when kids ask me "Guess what?". I'm running out of dad-joke responses.
- kybernetikos 10y ago
  Very interesting point. I think a lot of people have had an experience where they felt as if they understood something but then after grappling with it they gained a deeper understanding. I certainly think that the things I understand the most are things that I've spent time struggling with. But you're right that most things aren't like that. You can get a fantastic working understanding of most things simply by reading about them or being told about them. I suspect that both learning to struggle persistently and learning to integrate new knowledge that has been explained to you are important.
oldbuzzard 10y ago
>The first, basic, most core is collaboration. Particularly ironic since the 2 authors previous book was "Einstein Never Used Flash Cards"... and Einstein managed to publish brownian motion, photo electric effect, and special relativity during his annus mirabilis in 1905, while working at the patent office... no collaboration involved just lots of deep thought.
marrcena 10y ago
Pre-school education is vital to their development.http://www.crazysales.com.au/toys-hobbies/ http://www.crazysales.com.au/toys-hobbies/ Ues some toys to encourage their creative thinking and crafting. Then when they go to school with a prepared mind, they will perform brilliantly at classromm.
k__ 10y ago
Step 1: Don't fuck up! I think we would have much more "brilliant children" if parents wouldn't fuck up. Child abuse, child neglect, domestic violence in general. And this is "just" the parent factor in the equation. Then there is the social circle that can fuck up things pretty badly too. I know so many people who could be brilliant, but they are simply broken beyond repair.
- dredmorbius 10y ago
  Hygiene factors. Things that don't increase the upside, necessarily, but they sure as goddamned hell minimise the downside.

101 points by Qworg 10y ago

It is about education, not school one, but the one at home. Children will be affected by parents to large extent. If parents can provide good quality pre-school education, their children will be more intellectual in the future. And toys are the most popular tools to educate little ones: http://www.crazysales.com.au/baby-kids-toys/ http://www.crazysales.com.au/baby-kids-toys/ Toys can encourage children to explore the unknown world and have fun in the process.

microcolonel 10y ago

Step one: have genes correlated with the type of success you're looking for. As far as I'm aware, you have a margin of 10-20% worth of difference you might be able to make once the kid is born.

Joof 10y ago
Step two: create experiences that allow people to become successful.
- microcolonel 10y ago
  There's a huge difference between brilliance and success, however. Brilliant people often have tragic flaws, which render them ultimate failures; and make them fabulously unhappy.
  - Joof 10y ago
    While you are correct, everyone has flaws at a similar rate (although I think shortsightedness is related to IQ for whatever reason); the brilliant people are just able to compensate better. I think the tragedy is that people recognize their potential (especially as children) and expect them to perform as if they had none (especially if they develop flaws later in life or are inconsistent and excel in only some circumstances.)
  - astazangasta 10y ago
    Non-brilliant people also have those flaws. It's called being human. Nevertheless, brilliant people can and do find success and happiness. This isn't a Homeric myth!
forkandwait 10y ago
Do you have a citation?
- microcolonel 10y ago
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability_of_IQ#Estimates_of_the_heritability_of_IQ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability_of_IQ#Estimates_o... There are three citations attached to the first sentence in this paragraph. Also take a look at the caveats section there though. It's technically possible that we're doing something which we could stop doing and vastly improve IQ; however once that became standard, the inheritance correlation would be higher, not lower. Measuring the heritability of IQ-type intelligence is inherently difficult; but outside of sociology departments, there is effective consensus that the correlation is at least half. Also, I would conjecture that there's a publication bias in favour of finding that nurture tops nature; because it is what people want to be true. This is a special concern in publications from after rightfully-unpopular negative eugenics programmes.
  - tokenadult 10y ago
    That Wikipedia article is appallingly badly edited, and badly in need of an update. The updating has been made difficult by a concerted campaign by ideologues to keep that article full of dreck. (Basis of knowledge: I am a Wikipedian, and I am a researcher on that topic.)
    - aurelianito 10y ago
      Can you point us to a good survey on the subject?
      - tokenadult 10y ago
        Turkheimer, E. (2008, Spring). A better way to use twins for developmental research. LIFE Newsletter, 2, 1-5 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Turkheimer%20(2008).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "But back to the question: What does heritability mean? Almost everyone who has ever thought about heritability has reached a commonsense intuition about it: One way or another, heritability has to be some kind of index of how genetic a trait is. That intuition explains why so many thousands of heritability coefficients have been calculated over the years. . . . "Unfortunately, that fundamental intuition is wrong. Heritability isn't an index of how genetic a trait is. A great deal of time has been wasted in the effort of measuring the heritability of traits in the false expectation that somehow the genetic nature of psychological phenomena would be revealed. There are many reasons for making this strong statement, but the most important of them harkens back to the description of heritability as an effect size. An effect size of the R2 family is a standardized estimate of the proportion of the variance in one variable that is reduced when another variable is held constant statistically. In this case it is an estimate of how much the variance of a trait would be reduced if everyone were genetically identical. With a moment's thought you can see that the answer to the question of how much variance would be reduced if everyone was genetically identical depends crucially on how genetically different everyone was in the first place." Johnson, Wendy; Turkheimer, Eric; Gottesman, Irving I.; Bouchard Jr., Thomas (2009). Beyond Heritability: Twin Studies in Behavioral Research. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18, 4, 217-220 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Johnson%20(2009).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "Moreover, even highly heritable traits can be strongly manipulated by the environment, so heritability has little if anything to do with controllability. For example, height is on the order of 90% heritable, yet North and South Koreans, who come from the same genetic background, presently differ in average height by a full 6 inches (Pak, 2004; Schwekendiek, 2008)." Deary, I. J., Penke, L., & Johnson, W. (2010). The neuroscience of human intelligence differences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(3), 201-211. http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Deary_Penke_Johnson_2010_-_Neuroscience_of_intelligence_review.pdf http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Deary_Penke_Johnson_2010_-_Neur... "At this point, it seems unlikely that single genetic loci have major effects on normal-range intelligence. For example, a modestly sized genome-wide study of the general intelligence factor derived from ten separate test scores in the cAnTAB cognitive test battery did not find any important genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms or copy number variants, and did not replicate genetic variants that had previously been associated with cognitive ability[note 48]." Johnson, W. (2010). Understanding the Genetics of Intelligence: Can Height Help? Can Corn Oil?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 177-182 http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/Johnson%20Current%20Directions%20Psych%20Science%202010%20(G%20and%20E%20in%20IQ).pdf http://apsychoserver.psych.arizona.edu/JJBAReprints/PSYC621/... "Together, however, the developmental natures of GCA [general cognitive ability] and height, the likely influences of gene-environment correlations and interactions on their developmental processes, and the potential for genetic background and environmental circumstances to release previously unexpressed genetic variation suggest that very different combinations of genes may produce identical IQs or heights or levels of any other psychological trait. And the same genes may produce very different IQs and heights against different genetic backgrounds and in different environmental circumstances. This would be especially the case if height and GCA and other psychological traits are only single facets of multifaceted traits actually under more systematic genetic regulation, such as overall body size and balance between processing capacity and stimulus reactivity. Genetic influences on individual differences in psychological characteristics are real and important but are unlikely to be straightforward and deterministic." Johnson, W., Penke, L., & Spinath, F. M. (2011). Understanding Heritability: What it is and What it is Not. European Journal of Personality, 25(4), 287-294. DOI: 10.1002/per.835 http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Johnson_Penke_Spinath_2011_-_Heritability_rejoinder.pdf http://www.larspenke.eu/pdfs/Johnson_Penke_Spinath_2011_-_He... "Our target article was intended to provide background knowledge to psychologists and other social scientists on the subject of heritability. This statistic, in many ways so basic, is both extremely powerful in revealing the presence of genetic inﬂuence and very weak in providing much information beyond this. Many forms of measurement error, statistical artefact, violation of underlying assumptions, gene–environment interplay, epigenetic mechanisms and no doubt processes we have not yet even identiﬁed can contribute to the magnitudes of heritability estimates. If psychologists and other social scientists want to understand genetic involvement in behavioural traits, we believe that it is going to be necessary to distinguish among these possibilities to at least some degree. Heritability estimates alone are not going to help us do this." Turkheimer, E. (2011). Genetics and human agency (Commentary on Dar-Nimrod & Heine, 2011). Psychological Bulletin, 137, 825-828. DOI: 10.1037/a0024306 http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20Online%20CV/Turkheimer_darnimrod%20comm%20(2011).pdf http://people.virginia.edu/~ent3c/papers2/Articles%20for%20O... "That heritability depends on the population in which it is measured is one of the most frequently repeated caveats in the social sciences, but it is nevertheless often forgotten in the breach. (For example, it is nearly meaningless for Dar-Nimrod and Heine to note that 'heritability [of intelligence is] typically estimated to range from .50 to .85' [p. 805]. The heritability of intelligence isn’t anything, and even placing it in a range is misleading. Making a numerical point estimate of the heritability of intelligence is akin to saying, 'Social psychologists usually estimate the F ratio for the fundamental attribution error to be between 2.0 and 4.0.') The observation that genotypic variation accounts for 90% of the variation in height in the modern world depends on the variability of genotype and environment relevant to height. Among cloned animals with widely varying diets, body size is perfectly environmental with heritability of 0; in genetically variable animals raised in identical environments heritability is 1.0. This is no mere statistical fine point: it means that the entire project of assessing how essentially genetic traits are in terms of measured heritability coefficients is a fool’s errand." Chabris, C. F., Hebert, B. M., Benjamin, D. J., Beauchamp, J., Cesarini, D., van der Loos, M., ... & Laibson, D. (2012). Most reported genetic associations with general intelligence are probably false positives. Psychological science, 23(11), 1314-1323. DOI: 10.1177/0956797611435528 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498585/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3498585/ http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9938142/Most_Reported_Genetic.pdf?sequence=1 http://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/9938142/Most_Repo... "At the time most of the results we attempted to replicate were obtained, candidate-gene studies of complex traits were commonplace in medical genetics research. Such studies are now rarely published in leading journals. Our results add IQ to the list of phenotypes that must be approached with great caution when considering published molecular genetic associations. In our view, excitement over the value of behavioral and molecular genetic studies in the social sciences should be tempered—as it has been in the medical sciences—by an appreciation that, for complex phenotypes, individual common genetic variants of the sort assayed by SNP microarrays are likely to have very small effects. Associations of candidate genes with psychological traits and other traits studied in the social sciences should be viewed as tentative until they have been replicated in multiple large samples. Doing otherwise may hamper scientific progress by proliferating potentially false results, which may then influence the research agendas of scientists who do not appreciate that the associations they take as a starting point for their efforts may not be real. And the dissemination of false results to the public risks creating an incorrect perception about the state of knowledge in the field, especially the existence of genes described as being 'for' traits on the basis of unintentionally inflated estimates of effect size and statistical significance."
Aelinsaar 10y ago
Step 1: Have brilliant children. Step 2: Don't ruin them, do a bunch of other stuff. Step 3: Assume that some of that other stuff is the 'active ingredient' in your brilliant child.
brc 10y ago
I would say it is less than that. Leaving aside heritability, the environment in which the child will grow up is more or less set in concrete by the time they are born. This includes the parents socio-economic level, but more importantly to that, their attitudes towards relationships, learning, critical thought, reading, victim vs control personality and plenty more. A house without books doesn't fill with books when the child arrives. Pretty much by the time the first cry is made, a huge chunk of their future is already written. The margin is small, but, having said that, small changes at the margin can make a big difference in individuals.
- turnip1979 10y ago
  The margin is larger IMHO. I'm a professional scientist and I have no one remotely resembling an academic in my extended family. Now I'm not a textbook example of success but I've read about many other scientists in similar boats: Feynman and Tesla both come to mind. Feynman had an electronics hobby as a kid. Tesla's father was fairly set against him becoming an engineer. I know some people with amazing private school education flounder because of it. They saw crazy competition early in life and it seems decided to settle. I had very little competition in my early years. Being the smartest kid in your undergrad makes you feel really good, and motivates you to do better. Where I really needed guidance is going from the sheltered world to reality (early 20s .. when I entered the workforce and subsequently made the decision to get a PhD). What I want to try to do is teach my kid to have her own hobbies and be generally happy in life.
  - brc 10y ago
    That might be your specific interests but I'd wager you didn't come from a family with anyone in jail, your parents sent you to school and stressed its importance, and were well read for their education level. Of course outliers exist and some very successful people come from very dysfunctional families. But if you look at enough people, they come out in temperament and attitude very similar to their family. The really surprising thing is how often one family will produce two top level musicians or sports players.
  - mcphage 10y ago

moyix 10y ago

Another (lengthy!) take on the same topic by Scott Alexander: http://squid314.livejournal.com/346391.html http://squid314.livejournal.com/346391.html

panic 10y ago

"What we do with little kids today will matter in 20 years," she says. "If you don't get it right, you will have an unlivable environment. That's the crisis I see." This is something people don't talk about enough. Kids are literally the future of humanity. If we want to improve our society, we should put more focus on helping parents raise their children and on helping teachers educate them.

minipci1321 10y ago
I have some difficulty assimilating what you said. All went well till "if we want to improve our society" -- I expected to see something like "we should put much more effort into being good parents", but you didn't say that. Then I told myself that the explanation is that you have probably already raised yours. But such a person would have known that nobody can help parents to raise good kids "despite" themselves. I believe nowadays this is what teachers say when the society blames them on flaws of modern education?
kazinator 10y ago
On the other hand, a lot of the improvements we see in the world are the result of new generations criticizing and rejecting the ways of their predecessors, on their own. The best thing you can teach a kid is "don't copy me; half of what I think and do is probably wrong".
- astazangasta 10y ago
  I've rejected a lot of my parents' received dogma; but I think this is largely because my parents also taught me to think critically, by encouraging my curiosity in precisely the way described here: when your child's questions go deep, go with them. Help them see that the answers are available if they are careful and learn to look for them.
ekianjo 10y ago
> This is something people don't talk about enough. Kids are literally the future of humanity. If we want to improve our society, we should put more focus on helping parents raise their children and on helping teachers educate them. False or at least not sufficient, the future of humanity is also what we do NOW. Since our actions will have a direct impact on the environment they live in. Focusing on kids only is a false dichotomy.

dbcooper 10y ago

There isn't a single example of data raised in that article. I really don't see any value in pop-psychology articles like this.

deleted 10y ago
[deleted]
gnahckire 10y ago
It's a Q&A article with the authors of the book. They seem well credentialed. I suggest you read the book (I haven't).
astazangasta 10y ago
Don't be so data-obsessed; if "data" means you're trapped in the narrow paradigm of things quantifiable and parameterizable, you'll miss all manner of things that are irreducible to numbers.
- Retra 10y ago
  Nobody is missing those things, they are just not so actionable.
  - astazangasta 10y ago
    Yes they are? Why can't you act on non-numerical criterion? How did you respond to this comment?
    - Retra 10y ago
      "Numerical criterion" are only one representation of useful data. It doesn't matter if you do it numerically or not. The data still needs to be presented, and that presentation should highlight the reliability and applicability of the conclusions.
    - hueving 10y ago
      If something isn't backed by data or logical conclusions based on data, it's not science. It's just someone making crap up.

artpepper 10y ago

> The first, basic, most core is collaboration. I spent a huge amount of time as a kid reading and drawing and writing and just day-dreaming by myself. Probably not good training for the modern workplace with "open office" plans and whatnot, but it seemed pretty good at the time.

acconrad 10y ago
This makes me wonder if you actually read the whole article. Reading and writing were the second component of that system, so those activities you participated in were also crucial. But more importantly, they were not at the expense of collaboration. The author isn't saying alone time and contemplation aren't central towards bright minds. The author is saying that collaboration is a critical component to a largely social creature. It's not about forcing interactions, but about learning how to handle those numerous interactions with other people. Children spend all day with others at school and with their family, so it's good to focus on how they can work together with others so that they may develop better both socially and intellectually.
- artpepper 10y ago
  Collaboration is important -- especially in their expansive definition of "collaboration", which includes "getting along with others" and not kicking people. But why is collaboration THE core, such that "Everything we do, in the classroom or at home, has to be built on that foundation." ... I could argue that good collaboration is built on a solid foundation of being able to think and act for yourself.
hkmurakami 10y ago
Same. I also hated "group work" that forced everyone to give input on every decision. To this day I prefer "divide and conquer" style "collaboration" (if you can call it that), though I admit that brainstorming and debates are powerful if used judiciously (which leads me to believe that schools tended make group work out of work that shouldn't have been assigned to groups)
- 10y ago

mrmffh 10y ago

The most important thing, in my opinion, is peaceful parenting. That is, no hitting and no shouting - teach your kids to reason, even if they're being unreasonable.

farnsworth 10y ago
Easy to say...
- majurg 10y ago
  Easy to do, if you're rational that is
  - ux-app 10y ago
    err... I don't know about easy, I'd go with hard, but doable
  - infinite8s 10y ago
    And have the privilege of not suffering from other life stresses...
    - r0s 10y ago
      Such as parenthood?
      - infinite8s 10y ago
        No, I meant stresses other than parenthood. When you have to work 2 jobs, have to decide whether to use your paycheck to pay overdue bills or buy groceries, and never get enough sleep, it's quite difficult to remain rational while your child is acting irrationally. The stresses of parenthood (never enough sleep, worrying if you are doing the right thing) just exacerbates those. After all, we aren't robots. Emotional state is a tough thing to override.
  - amalcon 10y ago

plandis 10y ago

One question I've always had is if psychology has some studies that seemingly always hold true when it comes to education. For example, collaboration might be a good thing now but is that universally true and we just realized this idea? Or, is collaboration only a good thing due to upbringing and society? Do those "C"'s apply to every culture or is it more of a Western ideal?

tokenadult 10y ago

This article, an interview with the two authors of a new book, is interesting. But a lot of us, besides being parents (as I am), are fully grown adults wondering how to develop our minds. An eminent researcher on human intelligence, James R. Flynn, wrote a book on that topic called How To Improve Your Mind: 20 Keys to Unlock the Modern World[1] that is well worth reading. Many people, whatever their level of IQ, can become better thinkers by developing better "mindware" (approaches to thinking about problems), as quite a few books about human intelligence by experienced researchers have noted. [1] https://www.amazon.com/How-Improve-Your-Mind-Unlock-ebook/dp/B0096IPJSU/ https://www.amazon.com/How-Improve-Your-Mind-Unlock-ebook/dp...

swalsh 10y ago

My son is 15 months old, I've been preparing for the endless why's phase since he was born. I'm psyched to see how far we can go before we have to start googling.

mcphage 10y ago
Ah, see, I get what you're thinking. But they're craftier than that. "Why" gets a response, so they'll use "why" all the time—even for questions that aren't really "why?". Or they'll ask why again for the same question, repeatedly. Or sometimes, they'll just ask "Why?" about nothing in particular.
- AnkhMorporkian 10y ago
  God that sounds tremendously annoying. We should just stop having kids. Future generations will thank us!
  - mcphage 10y ago
    Oh, it absolutely can be. But sometimes, it's amazing.
- mturmon 10y ago
  My kid had that problem. I asked her to phrase her "why" questions as complete sentences ("why is the sky blue?"), which helped a lot to get her to actually engage mentally.
blakesterz 10y ago
Like all things parenting, Louis C.K. has that one answered perfectly: "Why?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2ZsoYWwJA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4u2ZsoYWwJA

jpeg_hero 10y ago

I wouldn't want to wish the curse of ambition on anybody ;)

dmd 10y ago

> "Oh! That's a school. Kids are still sitting in rows, still listening to the font of wisdom at the front of the classroom." Most K12 schools haven't been like that for 30 years now.

csorrell 10y ago
I'm curious now to hear where you're from?
- dmd 10y ago
  I went to K12 on Long Island, NY (Nassau County) (born 1978).
  - EvanAnderson 10y ago
    My wife and I were born in 1977, attended K-12 in rural and semi-rural Districts in OH, US. Our schools were most certainly as the article describes. I do some contract work for a K-12 District today and it's much the same.
- deleted 10y ago
  [deleted]

votr 10y ago

There's a section in The Originals (McKay) citing a study where children who were given reasons why something was right or wrong grew up to be more creative and assertive in standing by their principles.

jknoepfler 10y ago

Content titled "according to science" is inappropriate click-bait, and should not get an audience. The phrase is vacuous (there is no agent called "Science," it would make as much sense as "according to Democracy"), misleading (if we replaced the term "Science" with "a majority of specialists in <relevant discipline>" the phrase changes from vacuous to almost certainly false), and disingenuous (knowing this, a journalist/user posted it anyway).

mathattack 10y ago
Yes - like most childcare advice, it would more accurately read "according to someone with something to tell that has a degree with science in the name, no matter how dubious the institution." But who would click on it if there was truth in advertising? Not you or me. :-)
dang 10y ago
It's just a vapid meme, which hopefully will eventually die off. We took it out of the title above.

ekianjo 10y ago

> It's the 10,000-hour rule: You need to know something well enough to make something new. Again that myth is coming back? Who believes in that fake 10000 hour rule ? There's nothing tangible that demonstrates that this rule is true in practice. The book where it comes from is also focusing on outliers, so that does not make that rule stick in any way since it's derived only from exceptions, i.e. clear survivor bias.

hannibalhorn 10y ago

I was intrigued by the "why are traffic lights red, yellow, and green?" question at the start .. and then the article didn't actually give an answer! Decent overview of the origin here: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/03/the-origin-of-the-green-yellow-and-red-color-scheme-for-traffic-lights/ http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/03/the-origin-o... Most interesting, they originally used white for "go", but ran into big problems when the red colored lens fell out by mishap!

a_bonobo 10y ago
Perhaps off-topic but there's one fun thing about "green" in traffic lights - in Japanese, "ao" is blue and green together, so most Japanese natives speaking English will shout "blue!" when the traffic light switches to "green". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_(color) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ao_(color)

dahart 10y ago

> "Why are traffic lights red, yellow and green?" > When a child asks you a question like this, you have a few options. You can shut her down with a "Just because." You can explain: "Red is for stop and green is for go." Or, you can turn the question back to her and help her figure out the answer with plenty of encouragement. My wife and I were just talking about this idea at dinner. There's this really deeply held belief that you have to struggle with something in order to learn it and value it. It shows up everywhere in our society. From the title, I was hoping this article had some data either for or against, because I'm interested. It reminds me of some of the new thinking going on like the basic income project YC is running - maybe struggling is only valuable sometimes, maybe sometimes it's harmful and only slows progress. One thing we've noticed with our kids is that they learn some things faster if we give them the answer without making them struggle or stop to do "constructive thinking" or whatever. This has made me start thinking about how animals learn things by example. We don't withhold the right way to say things from babies, we just show them and tell them, repeatedly. We tried to use allowance to get them to value and budget their money and earn their keep with chores. It was a constant battle. We switched to allowance comes with no strings, and they can spend their own money on whatever they want. Chores are simply an unassociated responsibility that can't be questioned, and it's like night and day - they do extra chores to win approval, and they're saving up for months for games and game consoles they want. This stoplight parable is an unfortunate example of an arbitrary human system, they could have used something from the natural world instead. Making a kid stop to just guess at the answer is, I'm sure, about as fun as when kids ask me "Guess what?". I'm running out of dad-joke responses.

kybernetikos 10y ago
Very interesting point. I think a lot of people have had an experience where they felt as if they understood something but then after grappling with it they gained a deeper understanding. I certainly think that the things I understand the most are things that I've spent time struggling with. But you're right that most things aren't like that. You can get a fantastic working understanding of most things simply by reading about them or being told about them. I suspect that both learning to struggle persistently and learning to integrate new knowledge that has been explained to you are important.

oldbuzzard 10y ago

>The first, basic, most core is collaboration. Particularly ironic since the 2 authors previous book was "Einstein Never Used Flash Cards"... and Einstein managed to publish brownian motion, photo electric effect, and special relativity during his annus mirabilis in 1905, while working at the patent office... no collaboration involved just lots of deep thought.

marrcena 10y ago

Pre-school education is vital to their development.http://www.crazysales.com.au/toys-hobbies/ http://www.crazysales.com.au/toys-hobbies/ Ues some toys to encourage their creative thinking and crafting. Then when they go to school with a prepared mind, they will perform brilliantly at classromm.

k__ 10y ago

Step 1: Don't fuck up! I think we would have much more "brilliant children" if parents wouldn't fuck up. Child abuse, child neglect, domestic violence in general. And this is "just" the parent factor in the equation. Then there is the social circle that can fuck up things pretty badly too. I know so many people who could be brilliant, but they are simply broken beyond repair.

dredmorbius 10y ago
Hygiene factors. Things that don't increase the upside, necessarily, but they sure as goddamned hell minimise the downside.