Here's a brief list: difficulty for funding or capitalization, an existing concentration of tech talent on a few hubs, smaller market sizes that are less attrac

Here's a brief list: difficulty for funding or capitalization, an existing concentration of tech talent on a few hubs, smaller market sizes that are less attractive as first launch sites, costs of translation into said markets (not just textual translation, but brand, intention, marketing, etc). The examples of the companies you mention have been superseded for the most part, but that's also been due to the fact that new players managed to get huge amounts of cash through funding. Believe it or not cash is not just that liquid globally that you can fundraise like it's SV anywhere else.