The problem becomes... what if the CEO is unaware of it? Volkswagen, for example. It is highly unlikely in my mind that some engineer somewhere in the trenche

The problem becomes... what if the CEO is unaware of it? Volkswagen, for example. It is highly unlikely in my mind that some engineer somewhere in the trenches decided, in desperation, to add in a few lines of code to make sure the engine passed emissions tests. But, do I think the CEO of Volkswagen signed off on adding the code? No. There's a diffusion of responsibility that makes it hard to point to any given person after the fact. How can we arm people - software engineers, but product designers, project managers, QA engineers, CEOs, and the welders on the assembly line can say, "Hold on, stop, this isn't right!"?