> With hardware support, it is even fairly cheap to implement, as you just connect the overflow bit of your integer ALUs to something interrupt-triggering. You

> With hardware support, it is even fairly cheap to implement, as you just connect the overflow bit of your integer ALUs to something interrupt-triggering. You can exploit the IEEE-754 inexactness exception with doubles if you're okay with 53 bits of integer precision. Tim Sweeney showed me this trick a long time ago, which he combined with run-time code patching so that an arithmetic operation would be speculatively compiled as either fixnum or bignum based on observed run-time behavior. It'd compile it to fixnum by default with an overflow trap using the FP inexact exception. The trap would patch the fixnum site with the equivalent bignum code and resume. With hindsight inspired by modern trace compilers like LuaJIT, the better approach is probably to compile entire traces speculated on either case, so you can hoist most of the guard predicates and not speculate based solely on the proximate call site but on longer traces.