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I recently noticed in Europe references to these "digital big 4" as the GAFA, i.e. Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon. Some also designate them as the Four Horseme

• dalke 11y ago
  From February 5, 2012, Niraj Dawar, http://knowledge.insead.edu/blog/insead-blog/gafa-the-new-face-of-marketing-2816 http://knowledge.insead.edu/blog/insead-blog/gafa-the-new-fa... : > The four big boys Google, Apple, Facebook, and Amazon (or GAFA; ok, not quite Silicon Valley for Amazon which is based in Seattle, but you know what I mean) are all clearly in the marketing business. From January 11, 2012, Ken Doctor, http://www.outsellinc.com/b2b/products/1044-getting-it-right-with-gafa http://www.outsellinc.com/b2b/products/1044-getting-it-right... : > How will the next few years play out for GAFA? Will they go the way of CompuServe and Prodigy? In five years will we have a new acronym to replace GAFA, which replaced 2006’s GYM? GYM in turn is attested to at least 2005 , https://gigaom.com/2005/11/11/can-you-stay-gym-free/ https://gigaom.com/2005/11/11/can-you-stay-gym-free/ .