The same is true in the U.S., but brokers can also lend out shares for shorting etc, or write derivatives such as options which are contracts that can be exerci

The same is true in the U.S., but brokers can also lend out shares for shorting etc, or write derivatives such as options which are contracts that can be exercised to buy/sell a stock at X price. The same is true in Brazil, rest assured, and it gets even more complex than that when you start taking about ETFs, REITs, and more complex derivatives etc.